iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2016

Abstract: Non-availability of CLSI guidelines and presence of some degree of confusion to clinician in regard to intermediate susceptibility, have led to refer to EUCAST guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the CLSI and EUCAST inhibitory zone diameters by disk diffusion. Total 100 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were analysed. Inhibition zone diameters were determined for Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin Tazobactam and Nitrofurantoin. CLSI and EUCAST guidelines were applied .For Escherichia coli, the resistance rate to cefotaxime as per CLSI and EUCAST was 100% for each, for Ceftazidime 100% for each...............

Keywords:Antibiotic Susceptibility testing, CLSI, EUCAST, Inhibitory zone diameter, Intermediate Susceptibility, Resistance rate

[1]. Håkan Hanberger, MD, PhD; José-Angel Garcia-Rodriguez, MD, PhD; Miguel Gobernado, MD, PhD; Herman Goossens, MD,
PhD; Lennart E. Nilsson, PhD; Marc J. Struelens, MD, PhD; and the French and Portuguese ICU Study Groups. Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Aerobic Gram-negative Bacilli in Intensive Care Units in 5 European Countries. JAMA. 1999;281(1):67-71.
doi:10.1001/jama.281.1.67.
[2]. R. C. B. Slack, Hospital infection, Greenwood Medical Microbiology, 18th edition, 2012, David Greenwood, Mike Barer, Richard
Slack, Will Irving, pg no 720-726
[3]. P. Silley. Susceptibility testing methods, resistance and breakpoints: what do these terms really mean? Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz.,
2012, 31 (1), 33-41
[4]. Michael Hombach, Guido V. Bloemberg and Erik C. Bottger. Effects of clinical breakpoint changes in 2010/2011 and EUCAST
guidelines 2011 on antibiotic susceptibility test reporting of Gram negative bacilli. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2011.
[5]. E. Matuschek, D. F. J. Brown and G. Kahlmeter. Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing
method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Volume 20 Number 4,
April 2014.

Abstract: Introduction: Acute Viral Hepatitis A infection among adults in developing country is low due to pre exposure of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) during childhood and adolescence. Anti-HAV prevalence in population worldwide has grouped countries into high, intermediate low and very low endemicity. The anti-HAV prevalence in Indian population is of high endemicity. But, there is heterogenous exposure of hepatitis A virus in different region of the country. In India the age of acquiring hepatitis A virus infection is shifting from early childhood to adolescence and adulthood. An increase in acute viral hepatitis A infection among admitted adult patients is being observed in this centre...............

Keywords: Acute Viral Hepatitis, Adult, HAV, HEV

[1]. Bell BP. Global epidemiology of hepatitis A: implications for control strategies. In Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Liang JT, Dienstag JL
(eds.). Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. London, International Medical Press, 2002, p. 9-14.
[2]. Jacobson KH et al. Seroprevalence by age and world region 1990, 2005. Vaccine 2010, Sept. 24: 28(41), 6653-7.
[3]. Xu Zy et al. Decline in risk of hepatitis A virus infection in China, a country with booming economy and changing lifestyles. J Viral
Hepat 2008 Oct. 15, Suppl 2 : 33-7.
[4]. Acharya S. et al. Sero-epidemiology of HAV infection in school children in Delhi and with Indian patients of CLD : implication of
HAV vaccination. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; July: 18(7) 822-7.
[5]. Jindal M et al. Serological study of HAV infection among students of medical college in Delhi and need of vaccination. IJMR
2002, Jan. 115, 1-4.

Abstract: Background: Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are a group of highly morbid and lethal infections. Successful management entails early recognition, aggressive operative debridement, aggressive appropriate antibiotics and supportive care. Aims: to find out the age & gender distribution, category and etiological factors of NSTIs ii) To identify the prognostic factors and mortality rate of the same...........

Keywords: NSTIs – Necrotizing soft tissue infection, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier's gangrene.

[1]. Necrotising Soft tissue infections article by Daniel Anaya et al 2015
[2]. Clinical comparison of fournier's gangrene to other necrotizing soft tissue infections (Yana Puckett, Brian Fisher and
SharmilaDissanaike 2015)
[3]. Prognostic factors in necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI): A cohort study ( Camile Hua et al 2015 )
[4]. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:645–649 © The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 1999 John et al Hakkarainen TW, Kopari NM,
Pham TN and Evans HL. Necrotizing soft tissue infections: review and current concepts in treatment, systems of care, and
outcomes. CurrProbl Surg. 2014;51:344-62.
[5]. Fabri PJ. Necrotizing soft tissue infections. J Am Coll Surg. 2014; 218:302-3

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem worldwide. In present context HBV infection is still not an uncommon problem leading to frequent hospitalization. The anti HBs status of children admitted in this hospital is not known amongst whom HBV vaccination could be advocated. Aim: To evaluate the anti HBs status among children with chronic liver disease attending Gastroenterology Department, Nehru Hospital, PGIMER, Chandigarh..............

Keywords: Chronic liver disease, Children, Anti-HBs, HBV

[1]. Sara Boccalini etal. Sero-epidemiology of hepatitis B markers in the population of Tuscany, Central Italy, 20 years after the
implementation of universal vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 Mar 1; 9(3): 636–641.
[2]. Heba Elrashidy et al. Antibody levels against hepatitis B virus after hepatitis B vaccination in Egyptian diabetic children and
adolescents. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 Sep 1; 9(9): 2002–2006.
[3]. Mohammad Qawasmi et al. Age-dependent decrease of anti-HBs titers and effect of booster doses using 2 different vaccines in
Palestinian children vaccinated in early childhood. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015 Jul; 11(7): 1717–1724.
[4]. Murat Kangin et al. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Children in Endemic Areas of Turkey. Hepat Mon. 2010 Winter;
10(1): 36–41.

Abstract: There is a paucity of a standardized post-operative complications grading system in urology. The Clavien- Dindo classification is a simple, convenient, reproducible, comprehensive and logical system for postoperative complications and an established valid system worldwide and applicable in many fields of surgery. Using this we carried out a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing nephrectomy. We performed a retrospective review of patients who had undergone nephrectomy between may 2010 and may 2013 at our institute patients data was collected and analyzed with respective preoperative data and perioperative complications..........
Keywords: BMI, clavien grading, comorbidities, complications, nephrectomy

[1]. Clavien PA, Sanabria JR, Strasberg SM. Proposed classification of complications of surgery with examples of utility in
cholecystectomy. Surgery 1992;111:518-26.
[2]. Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliviera ML, Vauthey JN, Dindo D, Schulick RD, et al. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical
complications: Five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009;250:187-96.
[3]. Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: A new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336
patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240:205-13.
[4]. Breitenstein S, DeOliveira ML, Raptis DA, Slankamenac K, Kambakamba P, Nerl J, et al. Novel and simple pre-operative score
predicting complications after liver resection in non-cirrhotic patients. Ann Surg. 2010;252:726-34.
[5]. Seely AJ, Ivanovic J, Threader J, Al-Hussaini A, Al-Shehab D, Ramsay T, et al. Systematic classification of morbidity and
mortality after thoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;90:936-42.

Abstract: Back ground. Oral Cavity Cancers are most common cancers in our country, India. After undergoing wide excision they all require reconstruction. Radial forearm free flap in one of the reliable free vascularised flap. Material and methods. In this study we have retrospectively analyzed results of 38 patients who underwent reconstruction by Radial forearm free flap. Patients underwent primary reconstruction following reconstruction............

Keywords: Radial forearm free flap, graft failure, intra oral defects

[1]. Young GF, Chen PJ, Gao YZ, Liu XY, Li J, Jung SH. Forearm skin flaptransplantation: a report of 56 cases. J Plast Surg. 1997;
50:162-5.
[2]. Soutar DS, McGregor IA. The radial forearm flap in intraoralreconstruction: the experience of 60 consecutive cases. PlastReconstr
Surg. 1986; 78:1-8.
[3]. Chen CM, Lin GT, Fu YC, Shieh TY, Huang IY, Shen YS, et al.Complications of free radia forearm flap transfers for head and
neckreconstruction. Oral Surg Oral Med Pathol Oral RadiolEndod.2005 99:671-6.
[4]. NikolićŽ, Jeremić J, Milosavljević R. Primenaslobodnihmikrovaskularnihrežnjeva u zbrinjavanjudefekataglave i vrata.Vojnosanit
Pregl. 2006; 63(8):703-12.

Abstract: Dermatoglyphics is the Greek term coined by Prof. Harold Cummin and Midlo in the year 1926, which means Skin Carvings. Study of fingerprints by analyzing ridges and their configurations is called Dermatoglypics.1 Widespread medical interest in epidermal ridges developed only in the last few decades when it became apparent that many patients with chromosomal aberrations had unusual ridge patterns. Inspection of skin ridges therefore promised to provide a simple, inexpensive means of information to determine whether a given patient could have a particular chromosomal defect............

[1]. Bannister LH, Berry MM, Collins P, Dyson M, Dussek JE, Ferguson MWJ. Gray's Anatomy. Integumental system.38th ed.
NewYork: Churchill Livingstone; 2000.p.380
[2]. Schaumann B, Alter M. Dermatoglyphics in Medical disorders. New York: Springer – Verlag; 1976; v – vi.
[3]. Cummins H., Midlo C. Finger Prints, Palms and Soles: An Introduction to Dermatoglyphics. New York:Dover. 1943.
[4]. Igighi PS, Msamati BC, Ng'ambi TM. Plantar and digital dermatoglyphic patterns in Malawian patients with diabetes, hypertension
and diabetes with hypertension. Int. J Diabetes and Metabolism 2001; 9:24-31.
[5]. Eugene braunwald. Hypertension. In:Harrison's Manual of Medicine. 17th ed. New York: McGrawHill Medical. 2009: 693.

Abstract: Background: Viral hepatitis in acute and chronic form remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Exposure to Hepatitis A Virus (HAV),Hepatitis E virus (HEV),Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus infection vary in different parts of country with different socioeconomic groups. The prevalence of HAV, HEV, HBV, and HCV infection among children up to 12 years, adolescents between 13 yrs. to 18 yrs. and adults from this region attending hospital is not known............

Keywords: Acute Viral Hepatitis, Chronic Viral Hepatitis, HAV, HEV, HBV, HCV

[1]. Acharya SK, Batra Y, Bhatkal B. Sero epidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection among school children in Delhi; implications for
HAV vaccination. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18:822-7.
[2]. Chadha MS, Walimbe AM, Chobe LP, Arankalle VA. Comparison of etiology of sporadic acute and fulminant viral hepatitis in
hospitalised patients in Pune, India during 1978-81 and 1994-97. Indian J Gastroenterol 2003; 22: 11-5.
[3]. Mall ML, Rae RR, Phillip M. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in India. Ind J Gastroenterol 2001;20:130-2.
[4]. Jindal M et al. Serological study of HAV infection among students of medical college in Delhi and need of vaccination. IJMR
2002, Jan. 115, 1-4.
[5]. Das K et al. The changing epidemiology pattern of HAV in urban population of India : Emergence of trend similar to European
Countries. Eur J Epidemiol 2000 Jun: 16(6) 507-10.

Abstract: Introduction: Pregnancy attained by human females younger than 20 years of age group comes under teenage pregnancies. The aim of the present study is to assess the maternal and fetal outcome and their comparison among teenage pregnancies and primigravidas of age group of 20-29 years. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done for one year at Government Medical College, Ananthapuramu. A total of 140 Studied population were divided into two groups for ease of study. 40 patients of teenage primigravida
were considered under Group I and 100 patients of primigravida with in the age group of 20-29 years. Dta regarding patients details including age, socioeconomic............

Keywords: Fetal Outcome, Maternal Outcome, Teenage pregnancies, Primigravida.

[1]. Mayor, S. Pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death in teenage girls in developing countries, BMJ, 328 (7449), 2004,
1152.
[2]. "Adolescent pregnancy" - UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund
[3]. Jacqueline, E Darroch. Susheela, Singh. Jennifer, J Frost. Differences in Teenage Pregnancy Rates Among Five Developed
Countries: The Roles of Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use, Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health, 33(6), 2001, 244-
281.
[4]. Loto, OM. Ezechi, OC. Kalu, BK. Loto, A. Ezechi, L. Ogunniyi, SO. "Poor obstetric performance of teenagers: Is it age- or quality
of care-related?". Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 24 (4), 2004, 395–398.
[5]. Abalkhail, BA. Adolescent pregnancy: Are there biological barriers for pregnancy outcomes?, The Journal of the Egyptian Public
Health Association, 70 (5–6), 1995, 609–625.

Abstract: Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by diffuse inflammatory process of pancreas with variable involvement of adjacent tissues and dysfunction of remote organs. Mortality rate in patients with AP is reported in the range of 9%-27% with two peaks. Nutritional support is one of the key factors in improving outcomes in cases of AP as per the current guidelines. Several clinical studies and meta- analysis regarding the effectiveness of enteral nutrition conclude that enteral nutrition through nasojejunal route is safe and can preserve the integrity of intestinal mucosa to decrease the incidence of infectious complications and other severe complications as well as resulted in better control of blood glucose levels............

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, enteral nutrition, nasojejunal feeds.

[1]. Harper SJ, Cheslyn-Curtis S. Acute pancreatitis. Ann Clin Biochem. 2011 Jan;48(1):23-37.
[2]. Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, Vege SS. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J
Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;108(9):1400-15; 1416
[3]. Eckerwall GE, Axelsson JB, Andersson RG. Early nasogastric feeding in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: A clinical,
randomized study. Ann Surg. 2006 Dec;244(6):959-65; discussion 965-7.
[4]. Paul E. Marik, Gary P. Zaloga. Meta analysis of parenteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis.
BMJ, June 2004.
[5]. Jie-Yao Li, Tao Yu, Guang-Cheng Chen, Yu-Hong Yuan, Wa Zhong, Li-Na Zhao, Qi-Kui Chen. Enteral Nutrition within 48 Hours
of Admission Improves Clinical Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis by Reducing Complications: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2013;
8(6): e64926.

Abstract:Integrity of the glenoid cavity of scapula is needed for free movement of the upper limb. It is commonly affected by osteoarthritis and trauma. Arthroplasty which is the mode of treatment requires a proper and perfect prosthesis for better function of the joint. The measurements of glenoid cavity vary in different races and locality. The present study is to observe the dimensions of glenoid cavity of scapula in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Keywords: Glenoid cavity, Dimensions, Arthroplasty, Prosthesis

[1]. Gray's Anatomy, The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice.40th ed., Churchill Livingstone, 2008; 791-822.
[2]. Schrumpf M, Maak T, Hammoud S, Craig EV. The glenoid in total shoulder arthroplasty. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2011;
4:191-199.
[3]. Rajput HB, Vyas KK, Shroff BD. A Study of Morphological Patterns of Glenoid Cavity of Scapula. Natl J Med Res, 2012;
2(4):504-507.
[4]. Gamal Hamed El-Sayed Hassanein. morphometry of glenoid fossa in adult Egyptian scapulae, int j anat res 2015; vol 3(2):1138-42.
[5]. Polguj M, Jêdrzejewski KS, Podgórski M, Topol M. Correlation between morphometry of the suprascapular notch and
anthropometric measurements of the scapula. Folia Morphol, 2011; 70:109-115

Abstract: Monitoring of flap blood glucose levels during and after surgery is important for determining flap salvage or loss. Decision to re operate and do revision amputation was solely based on clinical assessment and no objective measurement is available till date. The objective of this study is to validate flap capillary blood glucose monitoring serially as an indicator to predict flap survival in below knee amputation patients. The study was conducted at Coimbatore medical college hospital, general surgery department from march-2016 to june- 2016............

Keywords: BK flaps, glucose, gangrene, flap survival

[1]. Wilson AB Jr, eds. Amputation: Surgical Practice and Patient Management. St Louis, Mo: Butterworth-Heinemann Medical;
1996.ebruary 2015. External link in |website= (help).
[2]. "What Is Peripheral Arterial Disease?". http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/. August 2, 2011. Retrieved 25 FMurdoch G,
[3]. Harry Gouvas: "Accidents and Massive Disasters", editions of Greek Red Cross, 2000.
[4]. Wise JB, Talmor M, Hoffman LA, Gayle LB. Postoperative monitoring of micro vascular tissue transplants with an implantable
Doppler probe. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000; 105(6):2279-80.
[5]. Kamolz LP, Giovanoli P, Haslik W, Koller R, Frey M. Continuous free-flap monitoring with tissue-oxygen measurements: threeyear
experience. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2002; 18(6):487-91.

Abstract: Aim: To study the functional outcomes of internal fixation in complex tibial plateau fractures. Materials and Methods: 51 patients presenting with complex tibial plateau fractures were treated between January,2013 to January,2016 with various modes of internal fixation depending on the fracture type. Subsequently the patients were followed up at 2,6,12,18 and 24 weeks and then at intervals of three months. Early mobilization was encouraged, and weight bearing was allowed on the basis of callus formation. The
functional results were evaluated using the criteria of The Knee Society Clinical Rating System..........

Keywords: ...........

[1]. D. Schneidmueller, E. Gercek, M. Lehnert, F. Walcher, and I. Marzi "Proximal tibial fractures," The American Journal of Sports
Medicine, vol. 31, pp. 404–407, 2011.
[2]. M. Bhandari, L. Audige, T. Ellis et al., "Operative treatment of extra-articular proximal tibial fractures," Journal of Orthopaedic
Trauma, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 591–595, 2003.
[3]. S. G. Agnew, "Tibial plateau fractures," Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 197–205, 1999.
[4]. S. N.Maripuri,P.Rao,A.Manoj-Thomas, andK.Mohanty "The classification systems for tibial plateau fractures: how reliable are
they?" Injury, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1216–1221, 2008.
[5]. Ali AM, Yang L, Hashmi M, Saleh M. Bicondylartibial plateau fractures managed with the Sheffield Hybrid Fixator.
Biomechanical study and operative technique .Injury 2001;32:86-91.

Abstract: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in simple words is "aspiration by fine needle". It is the study of cells obtained by puncturing organs of human body with the use of a small-gauge needle. It has become an increasingly popular and widely accepted procedure for evaluating palpable, nonpalpable, superficial, deep masses and can be readily applied for providing diagnosis in pediatric patients. This research aims to study the spectrum of lesions aspirated in pediatric patients and to correlate the cytological diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis...........

Keywords: FNAC, Histopathology, Pediatric.

[1]. Mahmud Q, Mason AU, Siddique N. Percutaneous FNA biopsy with open lymph node biopsy. Professional Med J Mar
2007;14(1):21-31.
[2]. Diamantis A, Magiorkinis E, Koutselini. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: historical aspects. Folia Histochem Cytobiol
2009;47(2):191-7.
[3]. Cohen MB, Bottles K, Ablin AR, Miller TR. The use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in children. West J Med 1989 Jun;150:665-7.
[4]. Howell LP, Russell LA, Howard PH, Teplitz RL. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of superficial masses in children. West J Med 1991
Jul;155:33-8.

[5]. Jain M, Majumdar DD, Agarwal K, Bais AS, Choudhary M. FNAC as a diagnostic tool in pediatric head and neck lesions. Indian
Pediatr 1999 Sep;36:921-3.
[6]. Lever JV, Trott PA, Webb AJ. Fine needle aspiration cytology. J Clin Pathol 1985;38:1-11.

Abstract: Background: The main indication for hysterosalpingography (HSG) is infertility, primarily to assess the fallopian tubes. Its major drawback is tubal spasm, which is preventable by administering intravenous (IV) Buscopan prior to the procedure. This is not routinely done by all practitioners, rather they administer it after the tubes are not demonstrated, which leads to repeats. HSG involves a relatively high radiation dose to the pelvic organs compared to none contrast examinations, so multiple attempts of the procedure and unnecessary radiation exposure should be discouraged.............

Keywords: Buscopan, Fallopian tubes, Hysterosalpingography, Infertility, Spasm.

[1]. ACR Practice parameter for the performance of Hysterosalpingography Resolution 39.
[2]. Simpson W, Beitia LG, Mester F. Hysterosalpingography: A re-emerging study. Radiograhphics 2006; 26: 419 – 31.
[3]. Khati Nadia J, Remer Jeffrey, Brindle Kathleen. Hysterosalpingography findings in women with infertility. Contemporary
Diagnostic Radiology: 2012. 35; 11:1 – 6.
[4]. Al subhi T, Al Jashnmi RN, Al Khaduri M, Gowri V, Prevalence of tubal obstruction In the hysterosalpingogram of women with
primary and secondary infertility. J Reprod infertile. 2013 Oct; 14(4): 214 – 6.
[5]. Adrian C. Schankath, Nikola Fasching, Cornelia Urech-Ruh, Michael K. Hohl, Rahel A. Kubik-Huch. Hysterosalpingography in the
workup of female infertility: indications, technique and diagnostic findings. Insights imaging (2012) 3: 475 – 483.
[6]. Rindfleisch W. Darstellung des cavum uteri. KlinWochenscher. 1910; 47: 780.

Abstract: Mandible being largest and strongest bone of skull, having various morphological features may show changes with reference to age, gender and race. The aims of this study were to characterize the mandible and to find out if there is age /gender related differences as well as to establish a local reference for the Sudanese mandible measurements. In this descriptive study, the facial computerized tomography scans were obtained from 160 subjects (92male s and 68 females) .The population of the study was categorized in six ages (15to24, 25to34, 35to44, 45to54, 55to64 and ages˃65 years old). Volume rendering three-dimensional reconstruction technique was used..........

Keywords: Age; 3D Computerized Tomography; Mandible

[1]. T.Jayachandra Pillai1, T.Sobha Devi2, C.K.lakshmi Devi Studies on Human Mandibles IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical
Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) Volume 13, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. 2014), PP 08-15
[2]. Martin,E.S. A study of an Egyptian series of Mandibles with special reference to Mathematical methods of sexing.1936
Biometrica.28:119-178
[3]. Morant,G. A Biometric study of Human Mandible. Biometrica.1936, Vol.28.p.84-112.
[4]. Stewart.T.D Adult American Negro Skeleton Sexed by Inspection(94%). Evaluation of Evidence from
theSkeleton.In:Gradwohi,REH(ed),Legalmedicine,Mosby,St.Louis,1954,p.407-50
[5]. Diwan,C.V.,Fakhruddin,S.andShroff,A.G.MedicalCollage,Aurangabad.SexingtheMandiblebyMultivariateAnalysis.1987JournalofA
nAnatomicalSocietyofIndiaVol.36,No.1,April1987,p.42.

Abstract: The mental foramen (MF) is located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels. Studying the morphological variation of (MF) helps to localize the mental nerve to prevent complications during surgery. (MF) character varied considerably among ethnic groups, although, determination the norms is essential, however no study was conducted in Sudanese. The aims of this study are to establish local reference for (MF) width for Sudanese as well as to study the age and gender related difference and to compare the measurements with other populations...........

Keywords: Mental foramen, Morphometry, Computerized Tomography

[1]. Gershenson A, Nathan H, Luchansky E. Mental foramen and mental nerve changes with age. Acta Anat 1986; 126: 21 ± 28.
[2]. Moiseiwtsch JRD. Position of the mental foramen in a North American, white population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path Oral
Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 457 - 460.
[3]. Ahmet Ercan Sekerci, Halil Sahman, Yildiray Sisman, Yusuf Aksu, Morphometric analysis of the mental foramenin a Turkish
population based on multi-slicecomputed tomography Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology / January-April 2013 / Vol 1 |
Issue 1,2-7
[4]. Santini A, Land M.A. Comparison of the position of the mental foramen in Chinese and British mandibles. Acta.Anat.
1990;137:208-212.
[5]. Souaga K, Adou A, Angoh Y. Topographical and morphological study of the mandibular foramen in black Africans from the Ivory
Coast. Odontostomatol. Trop. 2004 ;27(105):17-21.

Abstract: The aims of this study are to characterize the ophthalmic artery (OA) perfusion in smoker pregnant ladies, diabetic pregnant ladies and smoker diabetic pregnant ladies using Doppler indices and to compare with normal healthy pregnancy The sample was divided into 4 groups: group 1 were normal healthy pregnant ladies (N=57) , group 2 were smokers pregnant ladies (N=44) ,group 3 were diabetic pregnant ladies (N=64),and group 4 were diabetic smoke pregnant ladies (N=71) ladies. All groups were examined and assessed during the pregnancy period for OA Doppler indices of both right and left eyes. The resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and mean velocity (MV) were determined. Comparisons were performed between the norms and the other three groups..........

Keywords: Doppler ultrasound, ophthalmic artery, pregnancy, smokers, diabetes

[1]. Guthoff RF, Berger RW, Winkler P, et al: Doppler sonography of the ophthalmic and central retinal vessels. Arch Ophthalmol
109:532, 1991
[2]. Lieb WE, Cohen SM, Merton DA, et al: Color Doppler imaging of the eye and orbit. Arch Ophthalmol 109:527, 1991
[3]. Erickson SJ, Hendrix LE, Massaro BM, et al: Color Doppler flow imaging of the normal and abnormal orbit. Radiology 173:511,
1989
[4]. Lieb WE: Color Doppler ultrasonography of the eye and orbit. Curr Opinion Ophthalmol 4:68, 1993 5. Regillo CD, Sergott RC, Ho
AC, et al: Hemodynamic alterations in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Ophthalmology 100:1171, 1993
[5]. Iglesias R, Jha P, Pinto M, Costa e Silva VL, Godinho J. Controle do Tabagismo no Brasil. Banco Internacional para Reconstrução
e Desenvolvimento/ Banco Mundial 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, 2007..

Abstract: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) presents as a primary form characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia(platelet count < 100 × 109/L) in the absence of other causes or disorders that may be associated with thrombocytopenia, or a secondary form in which immune thrombocytopenia develops in association with another disorder that is usually immune or infectious. The diagnosis of ITP is usually a diagnosis by exclusion based on a demonstration of peripheral thrombocytopenia, with a history, physical examination, and complete blood count that do not suggest another cause for the thrombocytopenia ITP may affect individuals of all ages, with peaks during childhood and middle aged. Pallor was the most common clinical manifestation of ITP..........

Keywords:Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmunity, antiplatelet antibodies, megaloblastic erythropoiesis,

[1]. Rabinowitz AP, Sacks Y, Carmel R. Autoimmune cytopenias in pernicious anemia: A report of four cases and review of the
literature.Eur J Haematol 1990: 44: 18-23
[2]. Tordi JuncaÁ ,1 Alonso Flores,1 Maria Luisa Granada,2 Orlando JimeÂnez2 and Juan M. Sancho1 1; The relationship between
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and pernicious anaemia;, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona),
Spain; British Journal of Haematology, 2000, 111, 513-516
[3]. Kuwana M, Kurata Y, Fujimura K, Fujisawa K, Wada H, NagasaT, Nomura S, Kojima T, Yagi H, Ikeda Y. Preliminary laboratory
based diagnostic criteria for immune thrombocytopenic purpura: evaluation by multi-center prospective study. J Thromb Haemost 2006;
[4]. James B. Bussel; Immune thrombocytopenic purpura; Department of pediatrics , Weil medical college of Cornell university, New
York Presbyterian hospital, New York.
[5]. William Dameshek, M.D., and Captain Edward B. Miller, A.U.S. The Megarkaryocytes in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, A form of Hypersplenism. www.bloodjournal.org; July 15, 2015

Abstract: 12yearold boy presented with pain in the right hip since 1 ½ years, with associated apparent lengthening of the limb and limp since 9 months. He was thoroughly examined and investigated clinically and radiologically. A diagnosis of a long standing osteoid osteoma (OO) in the neck of femur resulting in hypertrophy of the proximal femur and ½ an inch true lengthening of the limb was made. He underwent an En bloc excision of the tumour...........

Keywords: Osteoid osteoma, Intracapsular, Pathological limb lengthening, Benign tumor Hip.

[1]. Bergstrand H: Über eine eigenartige, wahrscheinlich bisher nicht beschreibene osteoblastische Krankheit in den langen Knochen der
Hand und des Fusses. Acta Radiol 1930, 11:596613.
[2]. CassarPullicino VN, McCall IW, Wan S: Intraarticular osteoidosteoma. Clin Radiol 1992, 45:153160.
[3]. Regan MW, Galey JP, Oakeshott RD: Recurrent osteoid osteoma. Case report with a tenyear asymptomatic interval. Clin Orthop
Relat Res 1990, 253:221224.
[4]. Papathanassiou ZG, Megas P, Petsas T, Papachristou DJ, Nilas J, Siablis D: Osteoid osteoma: diagnosis and treatment. Orthopedics 2008, 31:1118.
[5]. Edeiken J,DePalma AF,Hodes PJ. Osteoid osteoma (roentgenographic emphasis). Clin Orthop 1966;49:201-206.

Abstract: Postoperative Surgical Site Infection (SSI) remains as the major reason for mortality and morbidity. The study was performed with the aim to find out the incidence of SSI and MRSA, in the patients who underwent clean and clean- contaminated surgeries in the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Enathur, Kanchipuram. A total 62 cases that developed signs and symptoms of SSI were taken for study out of 1240 cases operated from Obstetrics and Gynaecology ward with incidence of SSIs being 5%. Out of 62 cases the predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 35(56.45%)...............

[1]. Amrita R. Bhadauria*, Chella Hariharan. Clinical study of post operative wound infections in obstetrics and gynaecological
surgeries in a tertiary.

[2]. care set up. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Dec;2(4):631638
[3]. Dr Nandita Pal, Dr Rajyasri Guhathakurta (Mukherjee). Surgical site infection in surgery ward at a tertiary care hospital: the
infection rate and the bacteriological profile. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy Sep-Oct. 2012;Vol. 2(5):pp.01-05
[4]. Dr. Anand Saxena, Dr. Mahendra Pratap Singh, Dr. Swagata Brahmchari, Dr. Malay Banerjee. Surgical site Infection among
postoperative patients of tertiary care centre in Central India - A prospective study. Asian
[5]. Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3(17) 2013, 41-44

Abstract: Aim: To look for corneal changes in Pseudoexfoliative eyes and its resulting clinical implication. Methods: This prospective study carried out at JSS Hospital, Mysore consisted of 100 consecutive patients with Pseudoexfoliation who presented to the outpatient department between January 2015 to December 2015. A detailed Ocular evaluation was done. Corneal changes were noted. Central corneal thickness was measured using ultrasound pachymetry..........

Keywords: Central Corneal Thickness, Cornea, Pachymetry, Pseudoexfoliation with glaucoma, Pseudoexfoliation without glaucoma.

[1]. Morrison, Green. Light microscopy of the exfoliation syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol Scand (Suppl).1988; 184: 5-27
[2]. Naumann GO, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U et al. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome for the comprehensive ophthalmologist: Intraocular and
systemic manifestations. Ophthalmology. 1998; 105: 951-968.
[3]. Layden WE, Shaffer R. Exfoliation syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:835–41.
[4]. Doughty MJ, Zaman ML. Human corneal thickness and its impact on intraocular pressure measures: a review and metaanalysis
approach. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000;44:367–408.
[5]. Vijaya L et al. Central corneal thickness in adult south Indians. Chennai Glaucoma Study. 2010 Jan; 30-35.

Abstract: Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is one of the major and deciding components of fetal biophysical profile and it can predict pregnancy outcome. The aims of this study were to evaluate the AFI in second and third trimester as well as to establish local reference value for Sudanese. The study included 457 normal pregnant Sudanese ladies. The study was conducted at Omdurman Military Hospital during the period from 2010 to 2013. Ultrasound was done by using Toshiba ultrasound machine fitted with 3.5MHZ convex probe..........

Keywords: Amniotic Fluid Index; Ultrasonography; Third Trimester

[1]. Abramovich DR: Fetal factors influencing the volume and composition of liquor amnii. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 77: 865,
1970
[2]. Brace RA, Wolf EJ: Normal amniotic fluid volume changes throughout pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161: 382, 1989
[3]. Chama CM, Bobzom DN.A longitudinal study of amniotic fluid index inNormal pregnancy in Nigerian women. Int
JGynecolObstet;72:223–7. 2001
[4]. Chamberlain PF, Manning FA, Morrison I, Harman CR, Lange IR. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid index in Iranian
population. Am J Obstet Gynecol;150:250-4.1984
[5]. Cunningham, F.G. et al. Disorder of amniotic fluid volume, in : Williams Obstetrics 22nd Edition, New york, McGraw- Hill Medical
publishing Divison, , page 525,2005

Abstract: Medical students are commonly associated with psychological stress. This may be due to their heavy workload, hectic schedule, examinations, & so on. If psychological stress continues for a long period, it can result in a number of maladies. Students should practice certain techniques to prevent or manage psychological stress. This study was done to asses stress & stress management techniques practiced by II MBBS students. Aim: to assess stress & stress management techniques practiced by II MBBS students in government medical college, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. Materials & Methods: A questionnaire containing 11 multiple choice questions was prepared to identify various reasons for stress, stress management techniques practiced by students. Stress was graded by using Hamilton's Anxiety scale..........

Keywords: Psychological Stress, Stress Management, Students

[1]. Shawaz Iqbal, Sandhya Gupta, E. Venkatarao. Stress, anxiety & depression among medical undergraduate students & their sociodemographic correlates. Indian J Med Res. 2015 Mar; 141(3): 354–357.
[2]. Bhumija Sharma, suvarna Prasad, Rajesh Pandey, Jasbir singh, K.s. Soodhi, Daisi Wadhwa. Evaluation of stress among Medical &
Dental students: A Pilot study. Delhi Psychiatric Journal. Oct 2013, Vol 16, No 2, Page 312- 316.
[3]. Leta Melaku, Andualem Mossie, Alemayehu Negash. Stress among Medical Students and Its Association with Substance Use and
Academic Performance. Journal of Biomedical Education. Volume 2015, page 1-9
[4]. A. Arora, S. Kannan, S. Gowri, S. Choudhary, S. Sudarasanan & P.P. Khosla. Substance abuse amongst the medical graduate
students in a developing country. Indian J Med Res 143, January 2016, pp 101-103

Abstract: The aim of the study was to find the way of distribution of dental chairs in Duhok City and to evaluate the need for replacement of the damage parts. In addition to that to compare the efficiency of dental units in the College of dentistry with those in poly clinic in Duhok City.100 dental chairs were involved in this study, questioner was prepared for this reason and was filled by taking the information from the engineer responsible for maintaining the unit...........

Keywords: Dental chairs, Manufacture origin, failure parts.

[1]. Pickard, HM. Conservative dentistry in the past century. Br Dent J 1980; 149: 5–8. | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
[2]. Gelbier S. Frederick Breese and London's first school dental clinic; Br Dent J 1981; 151: 309–311. | Article | PubMed | ISI |
ChemPort |
[3]. McGehee, WHO, True, HA, Inskipp, EF. A textbook of operative dentistry, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 4th edition,
1956.
[4]. Allen, WH. The preservation of exposed dental pulps. Dent Cosmos 1866; 7: 423.
[5]. Atkinson, WH. The preservation of exposed dental pulps. Dent Cosmos 1866; 7: 425.