iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2016

Abstract: The aim of thisstudy is to investigate the primary reasons for teeth extraction in Madinah city, Saudi Arabia. Teeth extraction records for one year wereobtained from governmental hospitals in Madinah city. Each patient's gender, age, chronic medical conditions, teeth extracted, and reasons for extraction were recorded. A total of1,929 teeth were extracted in 949 patients, with an average of 2.03 teeth extracted per patient. Caries were responsible for89.8% of the teeth extractions;the percentage was the same amongboth male and female patients. The most common teeth extracted were the lower firstmolars...............

Keywords: Tooth extraction, Dental caries, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

[1]. S.E. Marcus, L.M. Kaste, and L.J. Brown, Prevalence and demographic correlates of tooth loss among the elderly in the United
States,SpecialCare in Dentistry, 14,1994, 123–127.
[2]. J.M. Brodeur, M. Benigeri, H. Naccache, M. Oliver, and M. Paytte, Trend in the level of education in Quebec between 1980 and
1993,Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, 62, 1996,159–160.
[3]. W. Richards, J. Ameen, A.M. Coll, and G. Higgs, Reasons for tooth extraction in four general dental practices in South Wales,British Dental Journal, 198, 2005, 275–278.
[4]. I.G. Chestnutt, I.V. Binnie, and M.M. Taylor, Reasons for tooth extraction in Scotland,Journal of Dentistry, 28, 2000, 295-297. [5]. E. ReichandK.A. Hiller, Reasons for tooth extraction in the western states of Germany,Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 21,1993, 379–383.

Abstract: Renal failure , both acute and chronic is seen in 10% of the patients attending medical department in this hospital. These patients present with various symptoms and signs and laboratory findings of acute and chronic renal failure. One among these various laboratory parameters is abnormality of glucose metabolism. The urea gets elevated in both acute and chronic renal failure. the uremic serum inhibits uptake of glucose by the skeletal muscle and cells.the insulin metabolism gets affected in renal failure. These leads to impaired glucose tolerance and cause hyperglycemia in some cases of both acute and chronic renal failure..............

Keywords: ..........

[1]. Renal disease , Sir Douglas Black and N.F.Jones 6th edition.
[2]. Robert W.Shrier and Carl W.Gottschalk-Disease of the kidney 6th edition.
[3]. Barry M.brenner and Floyd C. Rector JR.,-The kidney 4th edition.
[4]. 4.Strauss and Welt's –Disease of the kidney, Fifth edition.
[5]. 5.Defrenzo, R.A Alvestrand and Smith . D.-Insulin resistance in uremia –J.cli,Invest . 67;563-1981.
[6]. 6.Pederson O,Schimits ,O.,Hjollund , E- Post binding of insulin in human adipocytes from uremic patients –kidney 27:280.

Abstract: Introduction: The addition of adjuvants to local anaesthetics in spinal anaesthesia avoids intraoperative somatic and visceral pain and provides prolonged post operative analgesia. Aim –The present study was designed to determine the dose related effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine added as adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine on block characteristics, haemodynamics and analgesia potentiating effects. Patients and method –This prospective randomised double blind study included 90 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries, who were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 patients each..........

Keywords: spinal, dexmedetomidine, bupivacaine

[1]. Perlas A, Kirkham KR, Billing R, Tse C, Brull R, Gandhi R, et al. The impact of analgesic modality on early ambulation following
total knee arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013; 38:334-39.
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pain management: a qualitative review. Br J Anaesth. 2002; 88:199-214.
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[4]. Casati A , Fanelli G, Beccaria P, Aldegheri G, Berti M, Senatore R, Torri G. Block distribution and cardiovascular effects of
unilateral spinal anaesthesia by 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. A clinical comparison with bilateral spinal block. Minerva Anestesiol
1998; 64:307–312.
[5]. Albright GA Cardiac arrest following regional anesthesia with etidocaine or bupivacaine. Anesthesiology 1979; 51:285–287.

Abstract: Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common gastro-intestinal disease with varied etiology, presentations, management and outcomes. Over the years the management has evolved from surgical to conservative under intensive care setting. Here we have attempted to study various interventions in the management of acute pancreatitis and correlate clinical/radiological severity indices with likelihood of interventions and outcome. Material And Methods: In this combined Retrospective-Prospective Observational study we have included 148 patients of diagnosed acute pancreatitis..............

Keywords:Acute pancreatitis, Bedside Index for Severity of Acute Pancreatitis [BISAP score], CT Severity Index [CTSI], Interventions.

[1]. Yadav D, Lowenfels AB. The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2013; 144: 1252-61.
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acute pancreatitis". Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics 1974;139 (1): 69–81. PMID 4834279.
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1990; 174 (2): 331–336. PMID 2296641.

Abstract: Background: Pterygium is a common disorder in many parts of the world, with reported prevalence rates ranging from 0.3 to 29%. Epidemiological studies have proposed an association with chronic exposure to sunlight and an increased geographical prevalence within a peri-equatorial 'pterygium belt' region (1). Pterygium excision is often combined with various adjunctive measures to prevent its recurrence, however recurrenece is still the most common post-surgical complication.........
Keywords: Pterygium, Conjunctival autograft, Collagen Matrix, Subconjunctival placement

[1]. Ang LP, Chua JL, Tan DT. Current concepts and techniques in pterygium treatment. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007 Jul;18(4):308-13.
[2]. Salman AG, Mansour DE. The recurrence of pterygium after different modalities of surgical treatment. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2011
Oct;25(4):411-5.
[3]. Krachmer, J. H. et al. Cornea, 2nd ed. (Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby, 2005), 1481.
[4]. Garg A, Nassaralla BA El-Toukhy E, Kaynak-Hekimhan P, Moreker S. Surgical and Medical Management of Pterygium, 1st
Edition. India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2009
[5]. Hyun Ho Kim, Hong Jae Mun, Young Jeung Park, Kyoo Won Lee, and Jae Pil Shin. Conjunctivolimbal Autograft Using a Fibrin
Adhesive in Pterygium Surgery. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep; 22(3): 147–154.

Abstract: Introduction: Wound infections are amongst the most commonly occurring nosocomial infections, greatly increasing the mortality as well as morbidity of patients, in addition to prolonging the hospital stay thus increasing cost. Possible factors affecting the rate of wound infection may be age, sex, nutritional status, comorbidities, type of antibiotic protocol, type of procedure, technique of wound closure and perioperative blood transfusion. Certain factors need to be further evaluated, like the interval between admission and surgery, the interval between onset of acute symptoms and surgery. This study was undertaken to determine the rate of wound infection in contaminated and dirty exploratory laparotomies using the performed on an emergency basis and the possible factors for the same...........

Keywords: Classification of wounds, Surgical Site infections.

[1]. Lewis SS, Moehring RW, Chen LF, Sexton DJ, Anderson DJ. Assessing the relative burden of hospital-acquired infections in a
network of community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013;34:1229-30.
[2]. DeSa LA, Sathe MJ, Bapat RD. Factors influencing wound infection (a prospective study of 280 cases). J Postgrad Med.
1984;30:232-6.
[3]. Lilani SP, Jangale N, Chowdhary A, Daver GB. Surgical site infection in clean and clean-contaminated cases. Indian J Med
Microbiol. 2005;23:249-52.
[4]. Urban ja. Cost analysis of surgical site infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2006;7 Suppl 1:S19-22.
[5]. Mishriki SF, Law DJ, Jeffery PJ. Factors affecting the incidence of postoperative wound infection. J Hosp Infect. 1990;16:223-30.

Abstract: Mandibular canine usually present with a single root and root canal. But there are many cases of mandibular canines reported with single root and two root canals, three root canals or with two roots. The aberrant morphology of the mandibular canines should always be considered, because failure to detect the complexities of the internal anatomy results in failure of the endodontic treatment. This clinical case report illustrates the endodontic management of mandibular canine with two roots.........

Keywords: Endodontic treatment, Mandibular canine, Two roots.

[1]. Stewart GG. Evaluation of endodontic results DCNA 11:711,1967
[2]. Mukhaimer R, Arandi N. Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Canine with Two Separate Roots and Root Canals: A Case Report.
Open Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine. 2014;2(2):38-41
[3]. Pécora JD, Sousa Neto MD, Saquy PC. Internal anatomy, direction and number of roots and size of human mandibular canines.
Braz dent J. 1993 Jan;4(1):53-7.
[4]. D'Arcangelo C, Varvara G, De Fazio P. Root canal treatment in mandibular canines with two roots: a report of two cases.
International Endodontic Journal. 2001 Jun 1;34(4):331-4.
[5]. Heling I, Gottlieb‐Dadon I, Chandler NP. Mandibular canine with two roots and three root canals. Dental Traumatology. 1995 Dec
1;11(6):301-2..

Abstract: Malignant renal tumour is a relatively rare type of cancer that occurs third in urological tumours after prostate and bladder cancers. It is among the leading cancers in western societies and is male predominant, aged (16-80) years with a peak incidence in the 5th and 6th spans of life (45-60 years) than in females. There are limited studies in the literature reporting its existence in South-southern, Nigeria.............

Keywords: Renal disease, renal biopsy, renal tumor, renal cell carcinoma, malignant tumors and Urology.

[1]. Fuiano G, Mazza G, Comi N, Caglioti A, De Nicola L, Iodice C, et al. Current indications for renal biopsy: a questionnaire-based
survey. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35(3):448-57.
[2]. Borje L, Steven CC, Han Yong C, Didier J, Jung Eun J, Steffen W. The Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. European Journal
of Urology 2011; 60 (4): 29-36.
[3]. Naumovic R, Pavlovic S, Stojkovic D, Basta-Jovanovic G, Nesic V. Renal biopsy registry from a single center in Serbia: 20 years
of experience. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24: 877–885
[4]. Woo KT, Chiang GS, Pall A, Tan PH, Lau YK, Chin YM, et al. The changing pattern of glomerulonephritis in Singapore over the
past two decades. Clin Nephrol 1999; 52(2): 96–102.
[5]. Swaminathan S, Leung N, Lager DJ, Melton LJ 3rd, Bergstralh EJ, Rohlinger A, et al. Changing incidence of glomerular disease in
Olmsted County, Minnesota: a 30-year renal biopsy study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 1(3): 483–487.

Abstract: Aim:To compare the conservative and aggressive management of Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) in Indian women at 34-36 weeks gestation in terms of duration of their hospital stay. Materials & Method:194 pregnant women with PPROM at gestational age 34-36 weeks admitted in labour ward were included in the study conducted from 2009 -2010 in department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, India. Random allocation to conservative & aggressive management group was done by
offering Chit Box Method assigning 97 cases in each group...........

Keywords: PPROM, conservative, aggressive, hospital stay.

[1]. Mercer BM, Crocker LG, Boe NM, SibaiBM.Induction versus expectant management in premature rupture of the membranes with
mature amniotic fluid at 32 to 36 weeks: a randomized trial.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Oct;169(4):775-82.
[2]. Shalev E, Peleg D, Eliyahu S, Nahum Z.Comparison of 12- and 72-hour expectant management of premature rupture of membranes
in term pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 1995 May;85(5 Pt 1):766-8.
[3]. Naef RW 3rd, Allbert JR, Ross EL, Weber BM, Martin RW, Morrison JC.Premature rupture of membranes at 34 to 37 weeks'
gestation: aggressive versus conservative management.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Jan;178(1 Pt 1):126-30.
[4]. Hartling L, Chari R, Friesen C, Vandermeer B, Lacaze-Masmonteil T.A systematic review of intentional delivery in women with
preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006 Mar;19(3):177-87.
[5]. Buchanan SL, Crowther CA, Levett KM, Middleton P, Morris J.Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with
preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37 weeks' gestation for improving pregnancy outcome. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev. 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD004735. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004735.pub3.

Abstract: Purpose :To assess the association of Diabetic Rtinopathy in Type – II Diabetes Mellitus with HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin) levels. Materials and Methods :Present study was carried out in type – II Diabetes Mellitus patients at Dr. PSIMS &
RF, Chinnaoutpalli. Results : Out of 100 patients in the study the mean age of Diabetes Mellitus is 15.99 years + 5.68 years. The
mean of HbA1c is in the study population was 9.25 + 1.59. The severity of Diabetic Retinopathy is increased with age and duration of Diabetes Mellitus. The range of HbA1cwas8.6% to 10.5%..

Keywords:Diabetes milletus, Diabetic retinopathy, Nonproliferative daibetic retinopathy [NPDR], proliferative diabetic retinopathy[PDR],Glycosylated haemoglobin[HbA1c]

[1]. Pradeepa R, Deepa R, Mohan V Epidemiology of diabetes in India-current perspective and future projections. J Indian Med Assoc.
2002 Mar; 100(3):144-8.
[2]. Kalantzis.G, Angelou.M, Rebelakou E.F, Diabetic retinopathy: An historical assessment, Hormones 2006, 5(1):71-74.
[3]. Report on the conference on 'VISION 2020 Planning for Eastern Mediterranean Region 1 Dec. 2003, Cairo, Egypt.
(WHO/EMR/PBL/03.1).
[4]. Fauci AS,Braunwald E,KasperDL, Mauser DL,Longo DL, Jameson JL,et al,editors,Harrison's Principles of internal
medicine, diabetic retinopath, 19th ed. New York:McGraw Hill;2422-2424.
[5]. Ahuja MMS. Epidemiological studies on diabetes mellitus in India. New Delhi: Interprint; 1979 : 29-38.

Abstract: Sex offence to children is not uncommon now a days. Death following rape is also not unknown to us to prevent the victim to disclose the identity of the offender especially when the offender is known to the victim. Adult as well as juvenile sexual offenders against children exist in both inside and outside of our family system and posing a recognizable threat to vulnerable children. Sexual aberration and aggression reach its height when the offender after performing illegal sexual intercourse, kills the victim and even after death performs sexual intercourse with the dead body to achieve gratification, which is defined in term of 'Necrophilia'.......

Keywords: sex offence, rape, sex offenders, necrophilia, juvenile, paedophilia, suffocation.

[1]. Subrahmanyam BV, Forensic Psychiatry, 1st edition, p.135
[2]. Subrahmanyam BV, Forensic Psychiatry, 1st edition, p. 132
[3]. Rosman, J. P.; Resnick, P. J. (1 June 1989). "Sexual attraction to corpses: A psychiatric review of
necrophilia" (PDF/HTML). Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 17 (2): 153–163
[4]. Aggrawal, Anil (2009). "A new classification of necrophilia". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 16 (6): 316–
20. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.12.023
[5]. Rosman, J. P.; Resnick, P. J. (1 June 1989). "Sexual attraction to corpses: A psychiatric review of
necrophilia" (PDF/HTML). Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 17 (2): 153–163.

Abstract: Background: Majority of the clinically depressed persons have suicidal ideation, which is directly related to the severity of depression. Aims: The study aims to identify the socio-demographic factors for suicidal risk behavior and correlation between suicidal risk behavior and clinical variables of depression as well as with the degree of Major depressive disorder severity. It is a hospital based cross- sectional study conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal.....

Keywords: Attempted suicide, socioeconomic status, precipitating factors, mode of suicide attempt.

[1]. Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA et al. World Report on violence and Health. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2002. Staff
(2002)."Self-directedviolence"
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page.www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/country_reports/en/index.html. Accessed January 2005.
[4]. Fawcett J, Clark DC, Busch KA. Assessing and treating the patient at risk for suicide. 1993; 23:244-55.
[5]. Skegg K. Self-harm. Lancet 2005; 366: 1471-1483

Abstract: The aim of today's dentistry is to restore the patient to normal function, speech, aesthetics and health. Dental implants were originally used for treatment of edentulous patients and are associated with improved denture retention, stability and functional efficiency. Due to the high success rates and predictability of dental implants, their prevalence in the rehabilitation of partially dentate and edentulous patients is increasing year by year. Advantages of implant-supported restorations include psychological benefits and tooth structure conservation adjacent to the teeth to be replaced. The overall desire for better oral health-related quality of life
has become a reality in prosthetic dentistry. (1,2,3,4).......

Keywords: .........

[1]. Shivani kohli, Shekhar Bhatia, Arvinder Kaur, Tiviya Rathakrishnan. Trends in patients' mindset on dentalimplants: A surveyin
Malaysia. Journal of Dental implants. jan-july 2014;4(1):33-35
[2]. TepperG, Haas R, Mailath G, Teller C, Zechner W, Watzak G, et al. Representative marketing-oriented study on implants in the
Austrian population. I. Level of information, sources of information and need for patient information. Clin Oral Implants Res.
2003;14(5):621-33.
[3]. Muller F, Wahl G, Fuhr K. Age-related satisfaction with complete dentures, desire for improvement and attitudes to implant
treatment. Gerodontology. 1994; 11(1):7-12.
[4]. Zimmer CM, Zimmer WM, Williams J, Liesener J. Public awareness and acceptance of dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Implants. 1992; 7(2): 228-32.

Abstract: Mitral valve prolapsed is a clinicopathological entity characterized by billowing or prolapsed of one or both leaflets into the left atrium during systole which seems to arise from an alteration in leaflet and chordal structure.MVP is a primary dominantly inherited condition. Midsystolic click and late systolic murmur that moves dynamically with various postural maneuvers is the hall mark of this syndrome.Conventionaly as a most common congenital heart disease,next to Bicuspid aortic valve.It is common in females ,mostly asymptomatic , complication like progressive Mitral Regurgitation,infective endocarditis,congestive cardiac failure,sudden cardiac death also seen............

Keywords: ..........

[1]. Hurst‟s THE HEART 12 th edition
[2]. Cardiovascular Medicine by James T.Willerson,M.D
[3]. HEART DISEASE: A text book of cardiovascular Medicine by EUGENE BRAUNWALD 9 th edition
[4]. Harrison‟s principles of Internal Medicine,18th edition
[5]. Grays Anatomy