iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2016

Abstract: Cirrhosis liver. Is characterized by diffuse destruction and renegeration of hepatic parenchymal cells leading to deposition of connective tissue with resulting disorganization of the lobular and vascular architecture. Despite the remarkable regenerative capacity of the liver,once hepatic parenchymal reserve is exceeded,clinically overt or decompensated cirrhosis ensues. Portal hypertension develops when the resistance to blood flow through the liver and resulting increase in portal venous pressure lead to diversion of blood flow through low resistance portosystemic collaterals thereby bypassing the liver...............

[1]. Albillos A;Lled O J L –Haemodynamic effects of alpha-adrenergic blockage with prazosin in cirrhotic patients with portal
hypertension-hepatology 1994 sept:20(3)611-7.
[2]. Alvarez D;Golombek D –Diurnal fluctuations of portal and systemic haemodynamic parameters in patients with cirrhosis-
Hepatology 1994 Nov 20(5)1198-203
[3]. Azoulay D et al- ransjugular intrahepatic porto systemic shunts worsen the hyperdynamic circulatory state of the cirrhotic
patients;preliminary report of prospective study-Hepatology 1994 Jan;19(1) 129-32.
[4]. Bayer T.D –Cirrhosis of the liver and its major sequelae ch122 pg 786-795 cecil textbook of Medicine.,Edited n=by Wyngarden
james B;Smithal.H,BenneH.J.C-19th ED 1992
[5]. Bennardi M;Rubboli A;et al – Reduced Cardiovascular responsiveness to exercise-induced sympathoadrenergic stimulation in
patients with cirrhosis-Journal of hepatology 1991 Mar 12(2);201-16

Abstract: Introduction: Bacterial Vaginosis is the commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group .It is a polymicrobial syndrome by replacement of lactic acid producing species to mycoplasma and gram negative rods. Bacterial Vaginosis has been diagnosed using Amsel criteria and Nugent scoring system .This study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic ability of Amsel Criteria with that of Nugent Scoring among patients attended in Gynaec OPD..............

Keywords: Bacterial Vaginosis, Amsel Criteria, Nugent Scoring System

[1]. Sobel JD. Bacterial Vaginosis. Annu Rev Med 2000; 51:349-56.
[2]. Rao PS, Devi S, Shriyan A, Rajaram M, Jagdishchandra K. Diagnosis of bacterial Vaginosis in a rural set up: comparison of clinical
algorithm, smear scoring and culture by semi quantitative technique. Indian J Med Microbiol2004; 22(1):47-50.
[3]. Dadhwal V, Hariprasad R, Mittal S, Kapil A. Prevalence of bacterial Vaginosis in pregnant women and predictive value of clinical
diagnosis. Arch GynecolObstet 2009, [Epub ahead of print]
[4]. Honest H, Bachmann LM, Knox EM, Gupta JK, Kleijnen J, Khan KS. The accuracy of various tests for bacterial Vaginosis in
predicting preterm birth: a systematic review. BJOG. 2004; 111(5):409-22.
[5]. Mohanty S, Sood S, Kapil A, Mittal S. Interobserver variation in the interpretation of Nugent scoring method for diagnosis of
bacterial Vaginosis. Indian J Med Res 2010; 131:88-91.

Abstract: Context:This studycompares the clinical effectiveness of newly designed pulse oximetry probe over conventional technique of electric pulp testing and thermal testing. Aims:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of customized pulseoximeter probe over the conventional thermal and electrical testing of tooth vitality Settings and Design:The conventional pulse oximetry probe was customized for the purpose of pulp vitality test and was used in this study and registered excellent readings..........

Keywords: Pulp vitality, pulse oximetry, Key Messages: This study indicates that pulse oximetry with adequate modification in the probe can be successfully used for the purpose for pulp vitality test by measuring the oxygen saturation of dental pulp.

[1]. Wa lton RE, Torabibinijad, M. B., Saunders,W,B. "Principles and practice of Endodontics Philadelphia"(1989) ,61 - 62.
[2]. Rowe, A.H.R., Piff., Ford., T. R. "Th e assessment of pulp vitality" Int. Endod J, (1990 ); 23 : 77 -83.
[3]. Craig,W.Noblett, Lisa, R. Wilcon, et al( " Detection of pulpalcirculation in vitro by pulse oximet ry" Journal of Endodontics(1996) ,22,1.
[4]. Noblett, W.C., Wilcox, L.R., Scammon, F. Johnson, W.T., "Detection of pulpal circulation in vitro by pulse oximetry". J. Endod.
(1996); 22:1-5.
[5]. Sasona T, Onodera D, Hashimoto K. " Possible application of transmitted laser light for the assessment of human pulp vitality
part:2 Increased Laser power for enhanced detection of pulpal blood flow" Dent Traumatol (2005) 21:37-41.

Abstract: Background: Endotracheal Intubation involving conventional laryngoscopy elicits a hemodynamic response associated with increased heart rate and blood pressure. This is dangerous in patients with compromised cardiac disease which are coming for open heart surgeries. Up till now many drugs have been studied for attenuation of intubation response that too in Ischemic heart disease patients but very few studies are there in literature regarding valvular heart disease surgical patients. Hence we aimed to study comparative effect of intravenous fentanyl Vs Dexmeditomidine for attenuation of cardiovascular response to intubation in adult cardiac surgical patients............

Keywords: Intubation response, Dexmeditomidine, Fentanyl, Cardiac Disease

[1]. Reid, Brace: Irritation of respiratory tract and its reflex effect on heart-Surgery . 1990;70:157
[2]. Kovac AL. Controlling the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia
1996;8:63-79
[3]. Prys-Roberts C, Green LT, Meloche R, Foex P. Studies of anaesthesia in relation to hypertension II. Haemodynamic consequences
of induction and endotracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth 1971;43:531-47
[4]. Dalton B, Guiney T. Myocardial ischemia from tachycardia and hypertension in coronary heart disease – Patients undergoing
anaesthesia. Boston: Ann Mtg American Society of Anaesthesiologists; 1972.pp. 201-2
[5]. Cedric Preys Roberts. Anaesthesia and hypertension. Br J Anaesth 1984; 56:711-24

Abstract: Pain is the most distressing aspect of any type of surgery. Analgesic multimodalities have been used but are fragile with side effects that limit their usefulness. In this prospective randomized double blind study we have evaluated the anesthetic efficacy and safety of addition of 5 μgm dexmedetomidine to 15mg isobaric levobupivacaine in patients undergoing elective gynecological surgeries regarding time of onset, level of sensory block, intensity of motor block, duration of analgesia, haemodynamic stability and any complications............

Keywords: Levobupivacaine,Dexmedetomidinel,Regional anesthesia,Anesthetics techniques

[1]. McDonald SB, Liu SS, Kopacz DJ, Stephenson CA. Hyperbaric spinal ropivacainea: Comparison to bupivacaine in volunteers.
Anesthesiology 1999;90:971-7.
[2]. Alley EA, Kopacz DJ, McDonald SB, Liu SS. Hyperbaric spinal levobupivacaine: A comparison to racemic bupivacaine in
volunteers. Anesth Analg 2002;94:188-93.
[3]. Gautier PE, De Kock M, Van Steenberge A, Poth N, Lahaye-Goffart B, Fanard L, Hody JL. Intrathecal ropivacaine for ambulatory
surgery: A comparison between intrathecal bupivacaine and ropivacaine for knee surgery. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 1239-45.
[4]. Breebaart MB, Vercauteren MP, Hoffmann VL, Adriaensen HA.Urinary bladder scanning after day-case arthroscopy under spinal
anaesthesia: Comparison between lidocaine, ropivacaine, and
[5]. levobupivacaine. Br J Anaesth 2003;90:309-13.

Abstract: Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the sacroiliac joints and vertebral column, often manifesting in young males than in females in the ratio of 3:1 in the second or third decade, also causing extraarticular manifestations involving Cardiac, ophthalmic, pulmonary, renal and neurological systems. Cardiovascular manifestations remains one of the common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Ankylosing spondylitis ............

Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis, cardiovascular abnormalities, conduction disturbances, valvular regurgitation.

[1]. O'Neill TW, King G, Graham IM, Molony J, Bresnihan B. Echocardiographic abnormalities in ankylosing spondylitis. Annals of
the Rheumatic Diseases. 1992;51(5):652-654.
[2]. Youssef W, Russell AS. Cardiac, ocular, and renal manifestations of seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol
1990; 2:582-5.
[3]. O'Neill TW, Bresnihan B. The heart in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51:705-6.
[4]. Peters MJ, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Dijkmans BAC, Nurmohamed MT. Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with
spondylartropathies, , et al. The myocardium in ankylosing spondylitis: A Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Histopathological
Study. Lancet 1987; 995-8. particularly ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arhritis. Semin Arthr Rheum 2004 (in press).

Abstract: Pin retained amalgam restoration are a type of amalgam or resin restoration of a complex nature requiring the placement of one or more pins in the dentin to provide adequate retention and resistance forms. The pin-retained amalgam is a valuable treatment aid in the restoration of teeth with extensive carious lesions or fractures. The pins help in binding the amalgam/composite to the tooth structure. The case report given in this article presents the recovery of fractured anterior teeth with dentinal pins and composite restoration............

Keywords: Retention, pin-retained, retention

[1]. Parul Metha, Divya Batra,Artinder Kaur et.al.Restoration of tooth with Pin Retained Amalgam – A Case Report.I J Pre Clin Res
2014;1(3):84-86
[2]. Dler A Khursheed, Didar S.Hama Gharib, Hawzhen M. Mohammed Saeed et.al. Pin-Retained Restoration with Resin Bonded
Composite of a Badly Broken tooth. IOSR-JDMS 2015;14(9):48-50.
[3]. Utpal kumar Das, Aditya Mitra, Nabanita Bose. IOSR-JDMS 2013;8(2):16-22

Abstract: Neural crest cell give rise to myenteric plexus. It is usually distributed between longitudinal& circular muscle layers but their distribution varies. Therefore this study is taken up to demonstrate the topography of ganglion cells in the inflammatory appendicular muscle coat. Materials & Methods: A total of 112 Appendicitis cases were sectioned, stained (H&E) and reported by pathologist were studied. Of them, 63 are chronic appendicitis, 24 acute appendicitis, 23 Acute or chronic appendicitis and 2 are histologically normal...............

Keywords: Myenteric plexus, appendicitis, neuronal hypertrophy

[1]. Éva Fekete1*, Mária Bagyánszki1, Béla A. Resch2 Prenatal development of the myenteric plexus in the human fetal small intestine Acta Biologica Szegediensis Volume 44(1-4):3-19, 2000
[2]. Hayato Yamauchi1, Shinji Sakurai2, Ritsuko Tsukagoshi1, Masaki Suzuki1, Yuichi Tabe1,Takaharu Fukasawa1, Shinsuke Kiriyama1, Minoru Fukuchi1, Hiroshi Naitoh1,A Case of Diffuse Neuronal Hypertrophy in Acute Appendicitis: Int Surg 2012;97:249–253
[3]. M. Fu · P. K. H. Tam · M. H. Sham · V. C. H. LuiEmbryonic development of the ganglion plexusesand the concentric layer structure of human gut:a topographical study :Anat Embryol (2004) 208:33–41DOI 10.1007/s00429-003-0371-0
[4]. Usha Rani Singh . Anu Malhotra . Arati Bhatia Eosinophils, mast cells, nerves and ganglion cells in appendicitis: Indian J. Surg. (September–October 2008) 70:231–234

Abstract: Background: Acinetobacter species has emerged as an important pathogen globally in various infections especially in hospital acquired infections. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, and antibiotic resistance pattern of Acinetobacter species from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 1000 clinical samples, collected from patients treated in P.D.U. Hospital Rajkot-a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India were included in study period from November 2012 to August 2014. Isolation , Identification and sensitivity of Acinetobacter species were performed by manual method................

Keywords: Acinetobacter species, antibiotics, multidrug resistance, nosocomial

[1]. Gerner-Smidt P. Taxonomy and epidemiology of Acinetobacter infections. Rev Med Microbiol 1995;6:186-97.
[2]. Towner KJ. Clinical importance and antibiotic resistance o Acinetobacter spp. J Med Microbiol 1997;46:721-46.
[3]. Levi I, Rubinstein E. Acinetobacter infections-overview of clinical features. Acinetobacter : microbiology, epidemiology,
infections, management In : Bergogne-Berezin I, Joly-Guilloo MI, Towner KJ, editors. Boca Raton, CRC Press. 1996;101-15.
[4]. Glew RH, Moellering RC, Kunz LJ. Infections with Acinetobacter calcoaeceticus (Herellea vaginicola) : Clinical and laboratory
studies. Medicine 1997;56:79-97.
[5]. Henricksen SD. Moraxella, Acinetobacter and Mimae. Bacterial Rev 1973;37:522-61.

Abstract: The autoimmune bullous diseases are characterised by pathogenic auto antibodies directed at target antigens whose function is either cell- cell adhesion within epidermis or adhesion of epidermis to dermis. The present study was under taken to study the incidence of immunobullous disorders and their clinical, histological and immunological features. The study was conducted for one year, clinically diagnosed cases of immunobullous disorders of both sexes were included in the study...............

Keywords: Autoimmune, Direct immunoflourescence, immunobullous, pemphigoid.

[1]. Ahmed AR etal, pemphigus : current concepts, Ann intern-Med92(3),1980, 396-405
[2]. SM Langan, L Smeeth, R Hubbard, KM Flemming, C J P Smith and J West, Bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgarisincidence
and mortality in UK, BMJ 9-july, 2008, 337.
[3]. Kumar KA, incidence of pemphigus in thrissur district,south India, Indian J Dermatol venerol leprol, 74, 2008, 349-51.
[4]. Stanley JR: bullous pemphigoid , In: Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ,Wolff K etal, Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in general medicine , 5th ed,
( New York: MC Grow Hill, 1999) 666-79.
[5]. Lopez-Robles E, Avalos-Diaz E, V ega-Memije E etal, TNF a, IL 6 are medicators in the blistering process of pemphigus, int J
Dermatol 40, 2001, 188-9.

Abstract: Polypharmacy refers to use of multiple medications by a patient .Elderly patients having multiple chronic diseases are at more risk of polypharmacy. Lack of clear knowledge, usage of over the counter medications ,taking various medicines prescribed by multiple physicians and usage of alternate medications like herbs also increases the risk of polypharmacy.It can lead to potential risk of injuries ,delirium, functional and cognitive impairment and falls especially with cardiovascular and psychoactive medications.............

Keywords: Causes, Effects, Elderly, Management, Polypharmacy

[1]. Gurwitz JH, Polypharmacy: a new paradigm for quality drug therapy in the elderly? , Arch Intern Med., 164(18), 2004, 1957-9.
[2]. Morgan TK1, Williamson M, Pirotta M, et al, A national census of medicines use: a 24-hour snapshot of Australians aged 50 years
and older, Med J Aust. 196(1), 2012 Jan 16,50-3.
[3]. Montamat SC1, Cusack B, Overcoming problems with polypharmacy and drug misuse in the elderly.Clin Geriatr Med.
8(1),1992,143-58.
[4]. Kennerfalk A., Ruigomez A.,et al,Geriatric drug therapy and healthcare utilization in the United kingdom.Ann. Pharmacother.
36,2002, 797–803
[5]. Lisa Pervin, Phd RN ,Polypharmacy and Aging ; Is there cause for Concern? CRRN Gerontology Update ARN Network
,Feb/March 2008

Abstract: Introduction: The trials for epilepsy treatment have increased with the introduction of newer antiepileptics like lamotrigine, gabapentin, topiramate. Calcium ion has important role in pathophysiology of epilepsy. Aim of the present study was to assess the effects of calcium channel antagonist amlodipine on the antiepileptic action of lamotrigine, gabapentin, topiramate, carbamazepine on pentylenetetrazole(PTZ) and Maximal electro shock seizure (MES) models in rats..............

Keywords: Calcium channel blocker, Anticonvulsants, MES, PTZ

[1]. Beck H, Steffens R, Heinemann U, Elger CE. Ca2+ – dependent inactivation of high-threshold Ca (2+) currents in hippocampal
granule cells of patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurophysiol 1999;82:946–54.
[2]. Cain SM, Snutch TP. Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Epilepsy. In: Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al., editors. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98147/
[3]. Binnie CD, de Beukelaar F, Meijer JW, Meinardi H, Overweg J, Wauquier A, van Wieringen A: Open doseranging trial of
flunarizine as add-on therapy in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 1985, 26, 424–428.
[4]. De Falco FA, Bartiromo U, Majello L, Di Geronimo G, Mundo P: Calcium antagonist nimodipine in intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia,
1992, 33, 343–345.
[5]. Nakane Y, Seino M, Yagi A, Kaji S, Yamauchi T: Effects of flunarizine therapy on intractable epilepsy. Arzneimittelforschung,
1989, 39, 793–798.

Abstract: Brest lumps are frequently found in females of different age group. So a need arises to distinguish benign and malignant lesions, prior to taking a decision regarding a definitive treatment. Increase awareness and better understanding of the problem has resulted in a marked increase in number of tumors detected. Breast lumps are detected by SBE by the patients, next a clinical breast examination by surgeon and then a breast imaging...............

Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, Trucut biopsy, automated core biopsy device

[1]. Homesh N A, Issa M Aet al The diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology versus core needle biopsy for palpable
breast lump(s).Saudi Med J 2005; 26(1): 42-46
[2]. Eman Muhammad et al, Validity of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in Diagnosis of breast lumps in upper Egypt, J. Med.
Lab. Sci., Mar. 2012; 21(1):69-81
[3]. Mohamed T Musa M I, Randa Z A Khair et al., Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: is there any protocol which is applicable
worldwide?Sudan JMS,June 2009,vol.4 issue2:157-162
[4]. M.L. CARUSO, G. GABRIELI et al , Core Biopsy as Alternative to Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Diagnosis of Breast
Tumors, The Oncologist 1998;3:45-49
[5]. Schwartz's principles of Surgery: 9th Edition 2010, pg 450

Abstract: Objective: To study the use of diode laser in the management of oral leukoplakia Methods: 10 systemically healthy patients were selected having oral leukoplakia which is confirmed by punch biopsy, treated with diode laser and bleeding, pain, healing, recurrence were observed. Results: Very good healing at the end of 7th postop day and 30th postop day with less bleeding and pain and no recurrence in 1 year follow up..............

Keywords: Biopsy, Leukoplakia, Laser

[1]. Anna Starzynska, Anita Pawlowska, Dorota Renkielska et al. Estimation of oral leukoplakia treatment records in the research of the
department of maxillofacial and oral surgery, medical university of Gdansk. Postep Derm Alergol 2015; xxxll, 2: 114-122.
[2]. Mohammed Abidullah, G Kiran, Kavitha Gaddikeri et al. Leukoplakia – Review of a potentially malignant disorder. J Clin Diagn
Res. 2014 Aug;8(8):ZE01-4.

[3]. Ioanina Parlatescu, Carmen Gheorghe, Elena Coculescu et al. Oral leukoplakia – an update. J Clin Med 2014; Vol. 9: No. 1.
[4]. K. M. K. Masthan, N. Aravindha Babu, S. Leena Sankari et al. Leukoplakia: A short review on malignant potential. J Pharmacy and
Bioallied Sciences April 2015; Vol 7: Supplement 1.
[5]. Anand Kumar, Luke Cascarini, James A. McCaul et al. How should we manage oral leukoplakia ? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013
Jul;51(5):377-83.

Abstract: Malaria caused by Plasmodium species is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, especially in children. The changing clinical and blood manifestations of P.falciparum, emerging trends of complications with P.vivax are some of the important issues that merit attention at present in India. The prospective crosssectional study conducted on 170 patients of malaria in Mumbai aimed at studying the clinico-haematological alterations in the disease. Fever and splenomegaly were critical findings in majority of patients so that they may be used for clinical diagnosis of malaria and early institution of therapy..............

Keywords: Childhood malaria, clinical, hematological

[1]. Das NG, Baruah I, Kamal S, Sarkar PK, Das SC, Santhanam K. An epidemiological and Entomological investigation on malaria
outbreak at Tamalpur PHC, Assam. Indian J Malariol. 1997;34:164–170
[2]. Malaria situation. National Vector Borne Disease control Programme. Available at http://nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/mal-situation-
July15.pdf
[3]. WHO. World Malaria Report 2014. WHO, Geneva. 2014. Available at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/144852/2/9789241564830_eng.pdf
[4]. Kochar, Dhanpat Kumar, et al.Clinical features of children hospitalised with malaria- a study from Bikaner, North West India. The
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83.5:981-989
[5]. Shetty G., Avabratha SK, Gonsalves S., Dany A, Rai SB. Thrombocytopenia in children with malaria-A study from coastal
Karnataka, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease (2012)107-109

Abstract: Aim: The distress experienced by dental undergraduate can cause effects on cognitive functioning and learning of the students. This cross-sectional study is conducted to assess the stress among undergraduate students in a clinical scenario. Materials and methods: A modified dental environment stress (DES) questionnaire was made according to the existing situation in a dichomatous scale. Students included in the study are those who are exposed to patient set up from third year to fifth year...............

Keywords: Stress, Dental, Undergraduate, Clinical, Modified DES

[1]. The American institute of stress. Available at: www.stress.org/what-is-stress/
[2]. Rada RE, Johnson-Leong C. Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among dentists. The Journal of the American Dental
Association. 2004 Jun 30;135(6):788-94.
[3]. Paudel S, Subedi N, Shrestha A. Stress and its relief among undergraduate dental students in a tertiary health care centre in Eastern
Nepal. Dentistry. 2013;3(157):2161-1122.
[4]. Naidu RS, Adams JS, Simeon D, Persad S. Sources of stress and psychological disturbance among dental students in the West
Indies. Journal of dental education. 2002 Sep 1;66(9):1021-30.
[5]. Kumar S, Dagli RJ, Mathur A, Jain M, Prabu D, Kulkarni S. Perceived sources of stress amongst Indian dental students. European
journal of dental education. 2009 Feb 1;13(1):39-45.

Abstract: There are many myths about cervical vertigo. Cervical vertigo is defined as vertigo from the cervical spine. In this review article, we outline the basic science and clinical evidence for cervical vertigo according to the current literature. So far, there are 4 different hypotheses explaining the vertigo of a cervical origin, including proprioceptive cervical vertigo, Barré-Lieou syndrome, rotational vertebral artery vertigo, and migraine-associated cervicogenic vertigo. Proprioceptive cervical vertigo and rotational vertebral artery vertigo have survived with time................

Keywords: Cervical vertigo, neck pain, whiplash injury, cervical spondylosis, manual therapy, vertebrobasilar insufficienc, vestibular rehabilitation.

[1]. Wrisley D, Sparto P, Whitney S, Furman J. Cervicogenic dizziness: A review of diagnosis and treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther
2000; 30:755-766.
[2]. Strupp M, Brandt T. Diagnosis and treatment of vertigo and dizziness. Arztebl Int 2008; 105:173-180.
[3]. Yardley L, Owen N, Nazareth I, Luxon L. Prevalence and presentation of dizziness in a general practice community sample of
working age people. Br J Gen Pract 1998; 48:1131-1135.
[4]. Hannaford PC, Simpson JA, Bisset AF, Davis A, McKerrow W, Mills R. The prevalence of ear, nose and throat problems in the
community: Results from a national cross-sectional postal survey in Scotland. Fam Pract 2005; 22:227-233.
[5]. Reid SA, Rivett DA. Manual therapy treatment of cervicogenic dizziness: A systematic review. 2005; 10:4-13.

Abstract: Background: Access to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) to patients living with HIV (PLHIV) has markedly improved especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of ART is to ensure viral suppression and prevention of treatment failure which may be clinical, immunological or virologic. Viral suppression is important to better outcomes of treatment. This study aimed at determining the factors associated with virologic failure amongst patients with clinical and/or immunologic failure................

[1]. Alave, J., et al. (2013). "[Risk factors associated with virologic failure in HIV- infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at a
public hospital in Peru]." Rev Chilena Infectol30(1): 42-48.
Anude, C. J., et al. (2013). "Immuno-virologic outcomes and immuno-virologic discordance among adults alive and on antiretroviral
therapy at 12 months in Nigeria." BMC Infect Dis13: 113.
[2]. Bahia, F., et al. (2004). "Evaluation of the genotypic pattern of HIV-1 resistance in AIDS patients failing antiretroviral therapy."
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases8(4): 281-289.
[3]. Bendel, R. B. and A. A. Afifi (1977). "Comparison of Stopping Rules in Forwarding "Stepwise" Regression." Journal of American
Statistical Association72(357): 46.
[4]. Chander, G., et al. (2006). "A Risk Factor for Non-Adherence and Lack of Suppression in HIV Infection." Journal of Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome43(4): 411-417.

Abstract: Purpose:Radical cystectomy with or without chemotherapy is the most commonly recommended treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Bladder preservation therapy by concurrent chemo-radiation is another promising option for many patients deemed unsuited for surgery. We evaluated the feasibility, efficacy and the outcomes of our own experience with concurrent chemo-radiation in muscle-invasive bladder cancer and we give a critical analysis and an overview of the current treatment protocol from other institutions.................

Keywords: Bladder preservation, muscle-invasive bladder cancer, radical cystectomy,concurrent Chemoradiation, Cisplatin.

[1]. Shipley, W.U., et al., TReatment of invasive bladder cancer by cisplatin and radiation in patients unsuited for surgery. JAMA, 1987. 258(7): p. 931-935.
[2]. Chauvet, B., et al., Concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer who are not candidates
for radical cystectomy. J Urol, 1996. 156(4): p. 1258-62.
[3]. Kaufman, D.S., et al., The initial results in muscle-invading bladder cancer of RTOG 95-06: phase I/II trial of transurethral surgery
plus radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by selective bladder preservation or cystectomy depending on the initial response. Oncologist, 2000. 5(6): p. 471-6.
[4]. Hagan, M.P., et al., RTOG 97-06: initial report of a phase I-II trial of selective bladder conservation using TURBT, twice-daily
accelerated irradiation sensitized with cisplatin, and adjuvant MCV combination chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2003.
57(3): p. 665-72.
[5]. Coppin, C.M., et al., Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or definitive
radiation. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol, 1996. 14(11): p. 2901-7.

Abstract: Background: Pain is an unwanted yet unfortunately common sensation after root canal treatment which commences a few hours or days after treatment and is always an unpleasant experience for both patients and clinicians. The reasons for postoperative pain can be many including chemical, mechanical or microbial injuries to the periapical tissues that result in acute inflammation................

Keywords: Root filling techniques, Obturation materials, Post treatment pain, Root canal therapy

[1]. Najma Sahito, Abdul Qadir Dal, Azizullah Qureshi. A clinical study of the Post Operative Pain after Root Canal Obturation with
Obtura-Ii & System-B, Warm Gutta-Percha Techniques. J Am Sci 2014;10(10):11-14 (8)
[2]. Alonso-Ezpeleta LO, Gasco-Garcia C, Castellanos-Cosano L, Martín-González J, López-Frías FJ, Segura-Egea JJ. Postoperative
pain after onevisit root-canal treatment on teeth with vital pulps: Comparison of three different obturation techniques. Med Oral
Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012 Jul1;17 (4):e7217.
[3]. Tayfun Alacam. Incidence of postoperative pain following the use of different sealers in immediate root canal filling. J Endod
1970;11:135-137.
[4]. Fox J, Atkinson JS, Dinin AP, et al. Incidence of pain following one-visit endodontic treatment. Oral Surg 1970;30:123-30.
[5]. Harrison JW, Baumgartner JC, Svec TA. Incidence of pain associated with clinical factors during and after root canal therapy. Part
2. Postobturation pain. J Endod. 1983;9:434-8.

Abstract: Objective: To study the neonatal morbidity and case fatality in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with different methods of administration of surfactant replacement therapy. Study design:This cross-sectional analytic study included 104 preterm infants, who had respiratory distress syndrome during one year period. The samplewas dividedinto prophylactic, early and late rescue groups, according to earliest time of surfactant administration.................

Keywords: Preterm infants, neonate, surfactant replacement therapy, respiratory distress syndrome, continuous positive airway pressure, mechanical ventilation.

[1]. Miller EP, Armstrong CL. Surfactant Replacement Therapy Innovative Care for the Premature Infant. Journal of Obstetric,
Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 1990 Jan.;19(1):14-17.
[2]. Hallman M,Saarela T. Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Predisposing Factors, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis.In: Buonocore G,
Bracci R, Weindling M(Editors), Neonatology, A practical approach to neonatal management, Chap. 62, Springer, Italy, 2012: PP
441-454.
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Abstract: Aims: The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether a visual classification of anterior malar support using vector relationship is supported by cephalometric analysis and to assess the effects of face mask therapy on vector relationship and other cephalometric variables. Methods and Material: Pre-treatment profile photographs and lateral cephalograms of forty adult subjects (20 positive vector and 20 negative vector) were collected.................

Key-words: Visual vector relationship, anterior malar projection, facemask, retrospective

[1]. Bergman RT. Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis: Am J OrthodDentofacOrthop 1999;116:373-89.
[2]. Robiony M , Costa F, Demtri V, Politi M. Simultaneous Malaroplasty with porous polyethylene implants and orthognathic surgery
for correction of malar deficiency: J Oral MaxillofacSurg 1998:56: 734-741.
[3]. Leonard MS, Walker GF. A cephalometric study of the relationship between the malar bones and the maxilla in white American
females. Angle Orthod.1977;47(1):42–5.
[4]. Frey S T. New diagnostic tenet of the esthetic midface for clinical assessment of anterior malar projection: Angle Orthod.
2013;83:790–794
[5]. Alcan T, Keles A, Erverdi N. The effects of a modified protraction headgear on maxilla. Am J OrthodDentofacOrthop 2000;117:27-
38

Abstract: Cyclin B1 is a member of the cyclin family of protein whose level vary during the cell cycle in order to activate specific cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) required for the proper progression through the cell cycle . the present study is to compare the expression of cyclin B1 in normal , dysplastic and squamous cell carcinomas. Experimental design: To determine the role of cyclin B1 in normal , dysplastic and squamous cell carcinomas , we analysed 60 patients with normal , dysplastic and squamous cell carcinomas.................

[1]. Yogesh more, anil k D cruz, oral cancer review of current management strategies, the national medical journal of india. 2013;26(3):
152-158.
[2]. Carcinogenesis from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Kataleen Collins, tyler jacks, nikklap.pavletics, the cell cycle and cancer,
science sessions, the PNAS podcost program.
[3]. D.G Johnson and C.L walker, cyclins and cell cycle cheekpoints, annual rev. pharmacol toxild.99; 39:295-312.
[4]. CCNB1 (cyclin B1) 3:Surgical factors Atlas of Genetics and cytogenetics in oncology and Haematology. Crispianscully, oral cancer
aetiopathogenesis; past, present and future aspects Med oral pathology oral cirbucal. 2011; 1:16(3): 306-11.
[5]. Head and neck cancer, internet. Liviu feller, johanlemmer , oral squamous cell carcinoma; epidemiology, clinical presentation and
treatment. Journal of cancer therapy. 2012; 3: 263-268.

Abstract: Direct laryngoscopy is well proven and most commonly used technique of orotracheal intubation. Lighted stylet device is also an established technique of orotracheal intubation. Talwalkar`s fibrelite stylet is a type of lighted stylet deviced for orotracheal intubation. This study compares pressor response elicited by Talwalkar Fibrelite Stylet (TFS) Versus direct laryngoscopic technique for orotracheal Intubation in adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia................

Keywords: laryngoscopy, intubation, Talawalkar fibrelite Stylet, pressor response, general anaesthesia

[1]. Hung OR, Stewart RD. Illuminating stylet (lightwand). In: Benumof JL (Ed.). Airway Management, Mosby, 1996: 342-52.
[2]. Hung OR, Pytka S, Morris I, Murphy M, Stewart RD. Lightwand intubation: II . Clinical trial of a new lightwand for tracheal intubation in patients with difficult airways. Can J Anaesth 1995; 42: 826-30.
[3]. Agro F, Hung OR, Cataldo R, et al. Lightwand intubation using the Trachlight: a brief review of current knowledge. Can J Anaesth 2001; 48: 592-9.
[4]. Hung OR, Pytka S, Morris I, et al. Clinical trial of a new lightwand device (Trachlight) to intubate the trachea. Anesthesiology 1995; 83: 509-14
[5]. J Anesth Clin Pharmacology 2007; 23(1): 53-58 A Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Lightwand (Trachlight) V/S Direct Laryngoscopy for Orotracheal Intubation , Shrikanth Srinivasan, C.K. Dua, Kirti Nath Saxena

Abstract: Direct laryngoscopy is well proven and most commonly used technique of orotracheal intubation. Lighted stylet device is also an established technique of orotracheal intubation. Talwalkar`s fibrelite stylet is a type of lighted stylet deviced for orotracheal intubation. This study compares the clinical efficacy of TFS versus direct laryngoscopic technique for orotracheal intubation................

Keywords: laryngoscopy, intubation, Talawalkarfibrelite Stylet, efficacy, general anaesthesia

[1] Hung OR, Stewart RD. Illuminating stylet (lightwand). In: Benumof JL (Ed.). Airway Management, Mosby, 1996: 342-52.
[2] Hung OR, Pytka S, Morris I, Murphy M, Stewart RD. Lightwand intubation: II . Clinical trial of a new lightwand for tracheal
intubation in patients with difficult airways. Can J Anaesth 1995; 42: 826-30.
[3] Agro F, Hung OR, Cataldo R, et al. Lightwand intubation using the Trachlight: a brief review of current knowledge. Can J Anaesth
2001; 48: 592-9.
[4] Hung OR, Pytka S, Morris I, et al. Clinical trial of a new lightwand device (Trachlight) to intubate the trachea. Anesthesiology
1995; 83: 509-14.
[5] Srinivasan S, Dua C.K., Saxena K N. A Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Lightwand (Trachlight) V/S Direct Laryngoscopy for
Orotracheal Intubation. J AnesthClin Pharmacology 2007; 23(1): 53-58

Abstract: Study Question : spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) remains the deadliest and most disabling form of stroke. Objective: to find out clinical profile, identifying definite risk factors, , to assess the utility of (ICH) Score and Intra Cerebral Haemorrhage-Graded Scale (ICH-GS) as tools to predict outcome and to apply Siriraj score and the Guy Allen score to classify patients as infarcts and haemorrhages based on the clinical presentation as predicted by the scores.................

Keywords: spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, Modified Ranking Scale

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prospective study of a defined population. J Neurosurg. 2002;97:531–6.[PubMed]

[3]. Hemphill JC, 3rd, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, Manley GT, Johnston SC. The ICH score: A simple, reliable grading scale for
intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32:891–7. [P
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