iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2016

Abstract: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance in neurologic patients. The causes of hyponatremia are varied, but in neurologically ill patients, is most commonly attributed to Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuresis and Cerebral Salt Wasting. Both these entities are cerebral in origin but have distinct pathophysiology, prognosis and treatment options. The importance of distinguishing both lies in the fact that the therapy indicated for one if used for the other, can be deleterious................

Keywords: Hyponatremia in Stroke, SIADH- Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuresis, CSW- Cerebral Salt Wasting, Electrolyte imbalance in Stroke

[1]. McCance RA: Experimental sodium chloridedeficiency in man. Proc R Soc Lond 119: 245–268, 1936
[2]. Peters JP, Welt LG, Sims EA, Orloff J, Needham J: A salt-wasting syndrome associated with cerebral disease. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 63: 57–64, 1950
[3]. Cort JH: Cerebral salt wasting. Lancet 266: 752–754, 1954
[4]. Schwartz WB, Bennett W, Curelop S, Bartter FC: A syndrome of renal sodium loss and hyponatremia probably resulting from inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Am J Med 23: 529–542, 1957
[5]. Nelson PB, Seif SM, Maroon JC, RobinsonAG: Hyponatremia in intracranial disease: perhaps not the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). J Neurosurg 55: 938–941, 1981

Abstract: Background: To compare the maternal and neonatal morbidities between the "Patwardhan" technique, reverse breech and the vertex extraction (Push method) of the foetus in second stage caesarean sections. Methods: A Retrospective study was done at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bebe Nanki Mother and Child Care Center, Government College, Amritsar, Punjab, India from year 2013 to 2016 (three and half years). Women with full term pregnancy with fetus in vertex position and the head deeply impacted in pelvis and needing caesarean delivery were included in the study..............

Keywords: Second stage caesarean section, deeply engaged foetal head, Patwardhan technique, reverse breech extraction, Push method etc.

[1]. AbouZahr C. Prolonged and obstructed labour. In: Murray CJL and Lopez AD, eds. Health dimensions of sex and reproduction: the
global burden of sexually transmitted diseases, maternal conditions, perinatal disorders, and congenital anomalies. WHO,
1998.Chhabra S, Gandhi D, Jaiswal M. Obstructed labour – a preventable entity. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;20:151-53.
[2]. Murphy DJ, Liebling RE, Verity L, Swingler R, Patel R. Early maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with operative delivery
in second stage of labour: a cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358:1203-7.
[3]. Hager RM, Daltviet AK, Hofoss D, Nilson ST, Oian P, Henriksen T. Complications of cesarean deliveries: rates and risk factors.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:428-34.
[4]. Singh M, Varma R. Reducing complications associated with a deeply engaged head at caesarean section: A simple instrument. The
Obstetrician & Gynaecologist. 2008;10:38-41.

Abstract: Pyogenic granuloma is one of the reactive inflammatory hyperplasia commonly seen in the oral cavity. They are common in the oral cavity due to frequency with which the oral tissues are injured. It is usually in response to stimuli such as local irritation, local trauma or hormonal factors.It is seen primarily in younger pregnant females, due to vascular effects of female hormones.In this article we present two cases of unusually large pyogenic granulomas in elderly females over 70 years of age hailing from remote villages of Northern India...........

Keywords: Pyogenic granuloma, pregnancy tumour, reactive inflammatory hyperplasia

[1]. HullihenSP(1884) case of aneurism by anastomosis of the superior maxillae. Am J Dent Sc 4, 160-162.
[2]. HatzwellMB(1904) granuloma pyogenicum . J Cutan Dis. Syph 22, 520-525
[3]. Jafarzadeh H, Sanatkhani M, Mohtasham N. Oral pyogenic granuloma: a review. J Oral Sci. 2006;48:167–75. [PubMed]
[4]. Lee L, Miller PA, MaxymiwWG,Messener HA, Rotstein LE(1994) Intraoral pyogenic granuloma after allogenic bone marrow
transplant . Report of three cases. Oral Surg and Oral Med Oral Pathol 78, 607-610
[5]. Sternberg SS , Antioli DA , Carter D , Millis SE , Oberman H , (1999) Diagnostic surgical Pathology. 3rd Edi, Lipincott Williams
&Wilkins , Philadelphia . 69 , 174 .

Abstract: Background: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical pathologies. Research studies on clinical factors predisposing a person for the development of inguinal hernia, however, remain scarce. Aims and objective: the present study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for the development of inguinal hernia in adult males. Material and Methods: The study was done for a period of one year (January 2015 to December 2015) among the people attending surgical outpatient and inpatient department at Government
Medical College and ESIC Hospital, coimbatore..............

Keywords: Inguinal hernia, Risk factors, Bilateral Inguinal hernia, Constipation, Pantaloon hernia

[1]. John T Jenkins, Patrick J O'Dwyer "Inguinal hernias". British Medical Journal. BMJ 336 (7638): Page. 269–272.
[2]. Ein SH, Njere I, Ein A (2006) Six thousand three hundred sixty-one pediatric inguinal hernias: a 35year review. J PediatrSurg 41:
980–6.
[3]. Rutkow IM (2003) Demographic and socioeconomic aspects of hernia repair in the United States in 2003. SurgClin North Am 83:
1045–51.
[4]. Indranil Basu, Sudhangshou Sekhar Bhoj, Ananda Kumar Mukhopathyay. Retrospective Study on Prevalence of Primary and
Recurrent Inguinal Hernia and its Repairs in Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital. Indian Medical Gazette — JUNE 2013.
Page 203 – 213.
[5]. Burcharth J, Pedersen M, Bisgaard T, Pedersen C, Rosenberg J. Nationwide Prevalence of Groin Hernia Repair. PLoS one.
2013;8(1) PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54367. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054367. Epub 2013 Jan 14.

Abstract: Introduction: Multi-nodular goitre (MNG) is one of the common presentations of various thyroid diseases. Thyroid nodules have been reported to be found in 4% to 7% of the population on neck palpation. Although MNG was traditionally thought to be at a low risk for malignancy as compared to its single-nodule counterpart, various studies have reported a significant risk. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and the type of thyroid carcinoma (TC) in multi-nodular goitre by doing the Histopathological
examination of thyroidectomy specimens.............

Keywords: Thyroidectomy, Thyrotoxicosis , Multinodular Goitre , Histopathology

[1] Pang H-N, Chen C-M. The incidence of cancer in nodular goitres. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2007; 36:241-43.
[2] Belfiore A, La Rosa GL, Padova G, Sava L, Ippolito O, Vigneri R. The frequency of cold thyroid nodules and thyroid malignancies
in patients from an iodine-deficient area. Cancer 1987; 60:3096-102
[3] Mazzaferri EL, de los Santos ET, Rofagha-Keyhani S. Solitary thyroid nodule: diagnosis and management. Med Clin North Am
1988; 72: 1177-211.
[4] Abu-Eshy SA, Khan AR, Khan GM, Al-Humaidi MA, Al-Shehri MY, Malatani TS. Thyroid malignancy in multi-nodular goitre
and in a solitary nodule. J.R. Coll. Surg. Edinb 1995; 40: 310-12.
[5] Memon W, Khanzada TW, Samad A, Kumar B. Incidence of thyroid carcinoma in multi-nodular goitres. Rawal Med J 2010; 35.

Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections encountered and treated worldwide. The spectrum of etiologic agents causing urinary tract infections and their antimicrobial resistance pattern has been continuously changing over the years, both in community and in hospitals. No data concerning the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from UTI in and around Dehradun region of Uttarakhand has been published to date. Hence an evaluation may also be useful to detect emerging trends of antimicrobial resistance and serve as an indicator for change in antimicrobial prescriptions.............

Keywords: Carbapenemase, ESBL, MDR, UTI, MIC.

[1]. Kahlmeter, G. ECO.SENS. An international survey of the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens from uncomplicated urinary
tract infections: the ECO.SENS Project. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2003;51:69–76.
[2]. Andrade, S.S., Sader, H.S., Jones, R.N., Pereira, A.S., Pignatari, A.C. and Gales, A.C. Increased resistance to fi rst-line agents
among bacterial pathogens isolated from urinary tract infections in Latin America: time for local guidelines Mem. Inst. Oswaldo
Cruz.,2006;101:741–8.
[3]. Fluit, A.C., Jones, M.E., Schmitz, F.J., Acar, J., Gupta, R. and Verhoef, J. Antimicrobial resistance among urinary tract infection
(UTI) isolates in Europe: results from the SENTRY. Antimicrobial Surveillance Program 1997. Antonie Van. Leeuwenhoek.,
2000;77:147–52.
[4]. Gales, A.C., Sader, H.S. and Jones, R.N. Urinary tract infection trends in Latin American hospitals: report from the SENTRY.
antimicrobial surveillance program (1997–2000). Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.,2002; 44:289–99.

Abstract: The Tricuspid regurgitation may be primary or secondary to left sided heart disease Residual tricuspid regurgitation is seen after tricuspid valve annuloplasty(TVA) – both ring and suture anuloplasty. A study was conducted in KEM Hospital as to validate the benefits of ring annuloplasty over suture anoloplasty. 80 patients undergoing MVR and TVA were studied. Of these 50 patients underwent MVR with ring annuloplasty and 30 underwent MVR with DeVegas annuloplasty. 2DECHO was done pre and postoperatively............

Keywords: DeVegas annuloplasty, Ring annuloplasty, Tricuspid regurgitation

[1]. Irwin RB1, Luckie M, Khattar RS. Tricuspid regurgitation: contemporary management of a neglected valvular lesion. Postgrad Med
J. 2010 Nov;86(1021):648-55. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2009.090886. Epub 2010 Oct 18.
[2]. Cohen SR, Sell JE, McIntosh CL, Clark RE. Tricuspid regurgitation in patients with acquired, chronic, pure mitral regurgitation. I.
Prevalence, diagnosis, and comparison of preoperative clinical and hemodynamic features in patients with and without tricuspid
regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1987;94:481–7.[ Pubmed ]
[3]. Braunwald NS, Ross J, Morrow AG. Conservative management of tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing mitral valve
replacement. Circulation. 1967;35:I63–9. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.35.4S1.I-63.[PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[4]. Frater R. Tricuspid insufficiency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:427–9. doi: 10.1067/mtc.2001.113170. [PubMed] [Cross
Ref]

Abstract: Spinal tuberculosis is mostly secondary to either Pulmonary or Abdominal lesions, and may result in Paraplegia either due to pressure effects of the cold abscess or due to collapse of the vertebra. Most of the patients with Grade I and II paraparesis respond well to chemotherapy, while Grade III and IV patients and some of the patients in Grade I and II who do not respond to chemotherapy need Spinal decompression to prevent irreparable damage to the Spinal who did not respond to 3-4 weeks of chemotherapy and rest or deteriorated during treatment...............

Keywords: Pott's paraplegia, anterior decompression, Rib graft

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Med 1991; 324: 1644-50.
[2]. Moon MS. Tuberculosis of the spine: controversies and a new challenge. Spine 1997; 22: 1791-7.
[3]. Greene WB, De Gnore LT, White GC. Orthopaedic procedures and progress in hemophiliac patients who are seropositive for
human immunodeficiency virus. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1990; 72-A: 2-11.
[4]. Paiement GD, Hymes RA, La Douceur MS, Gosselin RA, Green HD. Postoperative infections in asymptomatic HIV seropositive
ortho -pedic trauma patients. J Trauma 1994; 37: 545-51.
[5]. Jellis JE. Orthopaedic surgery and HIV disease in Africa. Int Orthop 1996; 20: 253-6.

Abstract: Coronal fracture of anterior teeth is most common traumatic injury of permanent dentition1.2. The upper central incisors are the teeth most frequently affected by this type of dental injury3. The traumatic incident related to central incisor is because of buccal positioning of teeth4. Dental injuries usually affect only a single tooth. However, certain trauma types such as sports injuries& automobile accidents involving multiple tooth injuries5. Treatment of crown fractures depends on many factors involving extent of fracture whether it involves part of root, amount of biologic width, involvement of alveolar bone fracture , fracture pattern, occlusion, aesthetics, presence or absence of fractured tooth fragment and its condition, prognosis of the condition6-8...............

[1]. Dietschi D, Jacoby T, Dietschi JM, Schatz JP. Treatment of traumatic injuries in the front teeth: restorative aspects in crown
fractures. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 2000;12(8):751–8, quiz 760
[2]. Hamilton FA, Hill FJ, Holloway PJ. An investigation of dento-alveolar trauma and its treatment in an adolescent population. Part 1:
the prevalence and incidence of injuries and the extent and adequacy of treatment received. Br Dent J 1997;182:91–5.
[3]. Eden E, Yanar SC, Sönmez Ş. Reattachmnet of subgingivally fractured central incisor with an open apex. Dent Traumatol
2007;23:184-9.
[4]. Pusman E, Cehreli ZC, Altay N, Unver B, Saracbasi O, Ozgun G. Fracture resistance of tooth fragment reattachment: Effects of
different preparation techniques and adhesive materials. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:9-15.

Abstract: Various factors contribute to the decrease in the longevity of the total knee arthroplasty. Of these various factor, mal-alignment of the components and hence the axial alignment of limb is well within the control of the operating surgeon. The aim of the study is to compare the axial alignment of the lower extremity before and after surgery in patients undergoing total knee replacement by assessing the mechanical axis in the full length weight bearing radiograph taken preoperatively and post operatively. And to correlate the midterm results with reference to the mechanical axis...............

Keywords: Full length radiograph, total knee arthroplasty, alignment, mechanical axis

[1]. 1. Scuderi Gr, Insall JN, Windsor RE, Moran MC. Survivorship of cemented knee replacements J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989;71B
798-803
[2]. 2. Ritter MA, Herbst SA, Keating EM, FarisPM.Meding JB. Long term survival analysis of posterior cruciate retaining total
condylar knee arthroplasty. ClinOrthop. 1994;309:136-145
[3]. Lotke, PA and Ecker ML: Influence of Positioning of Prosthesis in Total Knee Replacement, J Bone Joint Surg59-A: 77-79, Jan
1977.
[4]. Weinstein JN, Andriacchi TP, Galante J: Factors influencing walking and stair climbing following unicompartmental knee
arthroplasty, J Arthroplasty 1986; 1(2):109-15
[5]. Kennedy WR, White RP:Unicompartmental arthroplasty of the knee. Postoperative alignment and its influence on overall results,
ClinOrthopRelat Res 1987 Aug ;( 221):278-85

Abstract: The basics of root canal preparation are to enlarge the root canal for proper disinfection and to prevent reinfection with the use of irrigation agents. It also facilitates the placement of root canal filling material with proper fluid tight seal. As most root canals are curved, a high prevalence of procedural errors has been reported. Canal transportation is one of the main procedural errors. The position of physiologic terminus of the canal to a new iatrogenic location on the external root surface is transportation of the foramen. Several studies have shown that Ni-Ti instruments demonstrated less canal transportation than stainless steel files...............

Keywords:Root Canal Transportation, root canal treatment, NiTi, stainless steel hand instruments, crossection, taper.

[1]. Hikmet A. Sh. Al-Gharrawi ., Farah Salahalden Abbas, An evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability at different levels of root canals prepared by self-adjusting file using computed tomography (A comparative study). J Bagh College Dentistry 2014; 26(1):16-23.
[2]. Ingle's Endodontics 6th edition : 1123-1125
[3]. Weine F, Kelly R, Lio P. The effect of preparation procedures on original canal shape and on apical foramen shape. J Endod 1975; 1: 262–6.
[4]. Schäfer E. Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments and stainless steel hand K-Flexofiles in simulated curved root canals.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;92:215-20.
[5]. Guelzow A, Stamm O, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. Comparative study of six rotary nickel-titanium systems and hand instrumentation for root canal preparation. Int Endod J 2005;38:743-52.

Abstract: Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is usually acquired in early childhood and relatedtonumerous upper gastrointestinal disorders. Local information on the infection epidemiology is uncommon in Libya. This study was performed for the determination of antibodies of seroprevalence of H.pylori in people. Methods: Convenient sampling has been performed in participants that attending to many poly clinics in Benghazi. Venous blood has been collected from people and sera separated. Enzyme-linked immunoflurescent assay (ELFA) has been used to determine H. pylori IgG antibodies in all sera...............

Keywords: Epidemiology, ELFA, Helicobacterpylori, Libya, Serolog

[1]. Buta N, Tanih NF, Ndip RN. Increasing trend of metronidazole resistance in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A
global challenge. Afric J Biotechnol. 2010; 9(8): 1115-1121.
[2]. Hunt RH, Xiao SD, Megraud F, et al.,.World Gastroenterology Organization. Helicobacter pylori in developing countries.World
Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guideline.JGastrointestin Liver Dis. 2011 20: 299–304.
[3]. Blaser MJ, Atherton JC. Helicobacter pylori persistence: biology and disease.JClin Invest. 2004;113: 321-333.
[4]. Kusters JG, van Vliet AH, Kuipers EJ .Pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. ClinMicrobiol Rev. 2006; 19 (3): 449-490.
[5]. Parsonnet J. The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment PharmacolTher . 2006; 9(suppl 2): 45-51.

Abstract: Missing maxillary lateral incisors create an esthetic problem with specific orthodontic and prosthetic considerations. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical success of the transmucosal flapless implant placement and immediate loading of the implants to restore the agenic lateral incisors after completing the orthodontic treatment and during the retention period.
Keywords: Dental implant, lateral incisor, case report.

[1]. Abu-Hussein, M., Watted, N., Abdulgani, A., and Bajali, M. Treatment of Patients With Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors: Is
an Interdisciplinary Task, RRJDS2014 , 2(4),53-68.
[2]. Muhamad AH, Azzaldeen A, Nezar W, Mohammed Z. Esthetic Evaluation of Implants Placed after Orthodontic Treatment in
Patients with Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res 2015;3(3):110-118.
[3]. Abu-Hussein M., Watted N., Yehia M., Proff P., Iraqi F.; Clinical Genetic Basis of Tooth Agenesis, Journal of Dental and Medical
Sciences2015,14(12),68-77
[4]. Abu-Hussein M., Abdulgani A., Watted N .Zahalka M.; Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisor with Orthodontics, Bone Grafting and
Single-Tooth Implant: A Case Report. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences2015, 14(4),124-130
[5]. Polder BJ, Van't Hof MA, Van der Linden FP, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of
permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32:217-26.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common lifestyle disorder and endocrine disease in the world. Diabetes related microvascular complications affect the visual system and cause visual disability even in younger age groups. Preventing the ocular complications is considered the best approach to preserve vision. Aim and objective: Assessment of the prevalence of different ocular manifestations in diabetes mellitus. To create awareness about avoidable blindness in diabetic patients and to direct the patient towards further evaluation and follow up................

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Cataract

[1]. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes, estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.
Diabetes care 2004; 27:1047-53.
[2]. Thylefores B. A global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. Am J Ophtalmol 1998; 125: 90-93.
[3]. Foster CS, Sainz de la Maza M. The Sclera, NewYork: Springer- Verlag; 1994.
[4]. Pepose JS, Wilhelmus KR. Divergent approaches to the management of corneal ulcers. Am J Ophthalmol 1992; 114: 630-2.
[5]. Mc Leod SD, Kolahdouz- Isfahani A, Kostamian K et al. The role of routine smears, cultures and antibiotic sensitivity testing in the
management of suspected infectious keratitis.Ophthalmology 1996;103: 23-8.

Abstract: Functional immediate load is the most recent concept. This describes a load, within physiological limits, applied to implants before the osseo-integration process is completed. One of the treatment options offered to patients requiring replacement of one or more teeth is the use of prostheses supported by implants. Patients nowadays demand greater aesthetic and functional restorations; therefore, the clinician tries to reduce implant load time. All this leads to the implementation of several modifications to the conventional surgical and prosthetic protocol leading to a reduction in the load time of the implant. This is a case report of the immediate loading of posterior implant.

Keywords: Implants, primary stability, immediate loading, insertion torque

[1]. Furze D, Byrne A, Donos N, Mardas N. Clinical and esthetic outcomes of single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla.
Quintessence Int. 2012;43(2):127-34
[2]. Chaushu G, Chaushu S, Tzohar A, Dayan D. Immediate loading of single-tooth implants: immediate versus non-immediate
implantation. A clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16(2):267-72.
[3]. Ericsson I, Nilson H, Lindh T, Nilner K, Randow K. Immediate functional loading of Brεnemark single tooth implants. An 18
months' clinical pilot follow-up study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11(1):26-33.
[4]. Wang TM, Leu LJ, Wang J, Lin LD. Effects of prosthesis materials and prosthesis . splinting on peri-implant bone stress around
implants in poor-quality bone: a numeric analysis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants. 2002;17(2): 231-7.

Abstract: Purpose: This study has been conducted to compare the re-mineralization effects of five regimens of fluoride varnishes and pastes on the loss of fluorescence intensity, in vitro model- deciduous teeth. Methods: Forty deciduous intact teeth enamel surfaces were etched for 60 sec. Teeth surfaces were prepared into the five following groups which were treated with dental materials: (1) Fluor Protector (FP), (2) Clinpro White Varnish (CV), (3) Gum paste 500 ppm F, (4) Gum paste 1000 ppm, (5) Tooth Mousse (TM). Only CV is intended to be applied on dentin surfaces. They were investigated using DIAGNOdent Pen to measure the values of laser fluorescence of intact enamel surfaces................

Keywords: DIAGNOdent Pen, demineralization, re-mineralization, laser fluorescence, deciduous teeth

[1]. Ranjitkar S, Rodriguez JM, Kaidonis JA, Richards LC, Townsend GC, Bartlett DW. The effect of casein phosphopeptideamorphous
calcium phosphate on erosive enamel and dentine wear by toothbrush abrasion. Journal of Dentistry 2009;37:250-4.
[2]. Rees J, Loyn T, Chadwick B. Pronamel and tooth mousse:an initial assessment of erosion prevention in vitro. Journal of Dentistry
2007;35:355-7.
[3]. Crombie F, Manton D, Kilpatrick N. Aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization:a critical review.International Journal of
Paediatric Dentistry 2009;19:73-83.
[4]. Peneva M, Rashkova M, Doychinova L. Age distribution of caries lesions in children"s permanent teeth-a basis for the choice of a
therapeutic solution.,Journal of IMAB-Annual Proceeding(Scientific Papers),13,2007 ,book 2,57-59/Published online-Dec.12,
2007www.journal-imab-bg.org/;

Abstract: Splenic artery is the largest branch from the celiac trunk supplying the spleen, pancreas and the stomach.. It divides into two or three main branches before entering the hilum of the spleen. 21 splenic arteries were studied by dissection method and 2 splenic arteries showed variation in their branching pattern described in the observations. In the cadavers studied, the splenic artery was arising from the celiac trunk. Of the 21 splenic arteries studied, 2 had variant branching pattern while the rest were showing normal distribution................

Keywords: Splenic artery, variation in branching pattern, infarction

[1]. Nicholas A. Michels, The variational anatomy of the spleen & the splenic artery, American Journal of Anatomy, vol 70, (1), p 21-
72, Jan 1942
[2]. Chen Weipei et al, Observations on the applied anatomy of the splenic artery, Acta Anatomica Sinica, 1982-02.
[3]. Ronald Bergman et al, Compendium of Human Anatomic Variations: Catalog Atlas & World literature.Urban & Schwarzenberg,
Baltimore & Munich, 1988.
[4]. Seok Kil et al, Angiographic Branching Patterns of the splenic artery, International Journal of Angiology, 7: 575.
[5]. A Daisy Sahni et al, Branches of the Splenic artery and splenic arterial segments, Clinical Anatomy (N Y) 10/2003; 16(5): 371-7.

Abstract: Dental auto transplantation is defined as the movement of one tooth or dental germ from one position to another, within the same person . Tooth reimplantation and transplantation have a long and difficult history, since both procedures have been carried out for centuries, but failed due to healing complications. This article provides an overview concept of auto transplantation and considerations for clinical success.

Keywords: Autogenous Autotransplantation, periodontal healing, Tooth, Transplantation

[1]. Cohen AS, Shen TC, Pogrel MA. Transplanting teeth of children successfully: autografts and allografts that work. JADA 1995;
126(4):481-5.
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[3]. Robinson P.J, Grossman LI. (1980) Clinical transplantation in dental specialties. Robinson PJ, Guernsey LJ, Editors. St. Louis: C.
V. Mosby Co. Pg 77-88.
[4]. Nethander G. Periodontal conditions of teeth autogenously transplanted by a two-stage technique. J Periodontal Res 1994;
29(4):250-8.
[5]. Muhamad AH, Azzaldeen A ; Autotransplantation of Tooth in Children with Mixed Dentition. Dentistry2012, 2:149.
doi:10.4172/2161-1122.1000149

Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an ancient disease, described by Hippocrates and traction techniques were recommended to straighten the spine. Motor vehicle accidents, falls, attempted suicide, gunshot wounds, military conflicts and support injuries are most common cause of SCIs. Most hospitalized SCI patients have nosocomial infection. SCI Patients may suffer from stress, malnutrition, renal failure; receive medications that impair immune responses. Frequent insertion of urologic, vascular, orthopedic, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurosurgical devices predispose to various prosthesis-related infections...............

Keywords: Spinal cord injury, Urinary tract infection,Pressuresores,Diagnostic challenges.

[1]. Hughes JT.The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: An analysis of the first case reports of spinal cord injuries.Paraplegia.1988;26:71-
82.
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[3]. Evans CT,LaVelaSL,WeaverFM,etal.Epidemiology of hospital acquired infection in vetrans with spinal cord injury and
disorder.Infect Control HospEpidemiol. 2008;29: 234-42.
[4]. Peitzman,Fabian&Rodes 2012;pp.288-89.
[5]. Sabharwal 2013;pp.53-54.