iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2017

Abstract: Background: Increased cure from psoriasis could be achieved by remedying a possible deficiency of bile acids. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of T.UDCA with clobetasol propionate 0.05% and compare its effect with clobetasol 0.05% in patients suffering from chronic plaque psoriasis. Methods: Single centre, prospective, open control, comparative study in which two groups of adult patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were randomised. One group received T.UDCA and topical clobetasol while another received topic clobetasol. Primary end point was the percentage change from baseline in PASI score at the first and sixteenth week between the two groups............

Keywords: Chronic plaque psoriasis, Clobetasol propionate, PASI,Ursodeoxycholic acid

[1] CEM Griffith's, JNWN Barker Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM, Text book of dermatology. 8( London: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2010) 20.1
[2] Longo, Fauci, Kasper, Hauser, Jameson, Loscalzo. Harrison's Principle of Internal Medicine, 18th edition United States of America, McGraw Hill, 2012, 398.
[3] Lionel Fry,Handbook of Psoriasis, Second Edition: p 1
[4] World health organisation. Psoriasis: sixty seventh world health assembly agenda item 13.5.2014 available from http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA67/A67_R9-en.pdf
[5] Lebwohl M, Ting PT ,KooJY.Psoriasis treatment: traditional therapy.AnnRheu Dis.64(2), 2005 ii83-ii86.

Abstract: Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) affects one in 200 individuals and is usually diagnosed many years after onset of symptoms. Chronic back pain is common and recognition of early disease requires clinical experience and a high index of suspicion. Further, inflammatory markers are not invariably elevated and radiographic changes are often late findings...........

Keywords: Ankylosing Spondylitis, HLA-B27, Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies.

[1]. Brewerton DA, James DeO: The histocompatihility antigen HLA·B27 and disease. Scrnin Arthritis Rheum 4: 191-200,1975.
[2]. Keat A: Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis in perspective.N Engt J Med 309: 1606, 1983.
[3]. Goldin R H, Bluestone R (1976) Tissue typing in rheumatic disease. Clin Rhewn Dis 2: 231-252.
[4]. Khan MA (1988) Ankylosing spondylitis and heterogeneity of HLA-B27. Semin Arthritis Rheum 18(2): 134-141.
[5]. Woodrow J C (1985) Genetic aspects of spondyloarthropathies. Clin Rheum Dis 11(1): 1-24.

Abstract: Background and objectives: Ileostomy is often constructed in emergency surgical conditions like enteric or tubercular perforations when patients present late during illness to preclude primary closure. But the ostomy carries with it lot of morbidity making the quality of life poor. The early closure of ostomy can minimize the associated morbidity and help the patient to enjoy better quality of life sooner. Our aim was to prospectively compare the morbidity and mortality associated with early closure and late closure...........

Keywords: Ileostomy, Infection, Koch's, Obstruction, Perforation

[1] Chow A, Tilney HS, Paraskeva P et al. The morbidity surrounding reversal of defunctioning ileostomies: a systematic review of 48 studies including 6,107 cases. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24:711-23
[2] Hindenburg T, Rosenberg J. Closing a temporary ileostomy within two weeks. Dan Med Bul 2010; 57:1-5
[3] Brown H, Randle J. Living with a stoma: a review of the literature. J Clin Nurs 2005; 14:74-81.
[4] Gooszen AW, Geelkerken RH, Hermans J et al. Quality of life with a temporary stoma: ileostomy vs. colostomy. Dis Colon Rectum 2000,43:650-5
[5] Nugent KP, Daniels P, Stewart B et al. Quality of life in stoma patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1999; 42:1569-74

Abstract: Background: nasal blockage is one of the commonest presentation to otolaryngology outpatients department. Deviated nasal septum is one of the commonest cause for the nasal blockage. The deviated septum can be corrected by various procedures amongst which septoplasty is commonly performed. Which can be either conventional type or endoscopic type. Aims and Objectives: The study aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic septoplasty and conventional septoplasty.............

Keywords: Conventional Septoplasty, Deviated Nasal Septum (DNS), Endoscopic Septoplasty , Nasal Blockage.

[1]. Daneshrad P, Chin YG, Rice HD. Fibrin glue prevents complications of septal surgery: Findings in a series of 100 patients. Ear nose & throat journal. March 2003:82(3):196-197.
[2]. Stammberger H, Lund VJ. Anatomy of nose and paranasal sinuses. In Gleeson M. Scott- Brown's Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 7th edition; vol. II. Great Britain. Edward Arnold (publishers) ltd ; 2008 ; 1315-1342.
[3]. Lee J K. The nose and paranasal sinus. Essential Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery.8th edition. United States of America: McGraw-Hill medical publishing division;2003:712.
[4]. Gulati PS, Wadhera R, Ahuja N, Garg A, Ghai A. Comparative evaluation of endoscopic with conventional septoplasty. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. January-March 2009:61(1):9-13.
[5]. Stammberger H(1991) Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The Messerklinger Technique, Decker BC. Philadelphia: pp 430-434.

Abstract: Introduction: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, India (under West Bengal University of Health Sciences) , from 1st April 2015 to 31st March 2016 Objectives: To identify maternal and fetal outcomes in Placenta Previa( PP ) with and without previous cesarean sections. Methods: All booked and unbooked mothers with and without previous CS with provisional ,clinical and/or USG diagnosis of PP admitted through emergency and antenatal clinic in the apparent gestational age after 28 weeks wereincluded.............

Keywords: Cesarean Section (CS) , Placenta Previa(PP) , Previous Cesarean Section , Postpartum Hemorrhage.

[1]. Williams Obstetrics- 24th edition,2014 ,F.Gary Cunningham,Kenneth J.Leveno,Steven L.Bloom,Jhon C.Hauth,Dwight J.Rouse,Catherine Y.Sponge,Mc-GrawHill Publication,Chapter 41
[2]. Arias' 4th edition,2014 .Amarnath Bhide,Sabaratanam Arulkumaran,Kaizad R.Damania,Shirish N.Daftary,Elsevier Publication,chapter 7.
[3]. D.C Dutta,7th Edition,2014,Textbook of Obstetrics,Edited by Hiralal Konar,New CentralBook Agency ,chapter 18
[4]. Groom KM, Paterson-Brown S. Placenta previa and placenta previa accreta: a review of aetiology, diagnosis and management. Fetal Mat Med Review 2001;12:41–66.
[5]. Hall MH. Haemorrhage. In: Lewis G, editor. Why Mothers Die 2000–2002. The Sixth Report of the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. London: RCOG Press; 2004. p. 86–93.

Abstract: Background and objectives: pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequent benign salivary gland tumour, preferentially diagnosed in the parotid gland. This study was to analyses the outcome of patients with pleomorphic adenoma from Parotid gland in order to evaluate the surgical strategy in our institution. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, IQ City Medical College and Narayana Multispecialty Hospital, Durgapur, India between November 2014 to November 2016. Results: The total numbers of cases were 22.............

Keywords: conservative parotidectomy, Pleomorphic adenoma, parotid gland, local resection.

[1]. Patrick Sheahan and Ashok R Shaha.Salivary gland tumours.Stell & Maran's textbook of Head and Neck surgery and oncology, 5th edition 2012, 37:717.
[2]. Seifert G, Langrock I, Donath K .A pathological classification of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands.HNO 1976; 24:415-26.
[3]. Stennert E, Guntias –Lichius O, Klussman JP, Arnold G. Histopathology of Pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland: a prospective unselected series of 100 cases. Laryngoscope 2001; 111:2195-200.
[4]. Webb AJ, Eveson JW. Pleomorphic adenomas of the major salivary glands: a study of the capsular form in relation to surgical management. Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences 2001; 26:134-42.
[5]. Naeim F, Forsberg MI, Waisman J, Coulson WF.Mixd tumours of the salivary glands: growth pattern and recurrence. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 1976; 100: 271-5..

Abstract: Psoriasis (PsO) is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by well demarcated, infiltrated, erythematous, scaly plaques. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis associated with PsO. PsA is a heterogeneous disease. The proportion of PsO patients suffering from PsA vary from 5-20% in different studies.PsA is of great socioeconomic importance because it produces significant morbidity, disability and economic burden............

Keywords: Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, entheseal changes, ultrasonography

[1]. Jonathan NWN. Genetic aspects of psoriasis.ClinExpDermatol 2001; 41:321-5.
[2]. Kaur I, Handa S, Kumar B. Natural history of psoriasis: A study from Indian subcontinent. J Dermatol 1997; 24:230 – 4.
[3]. Reich K, Kruger K, Mossner R, Augustin M. Epidemiology and clinical pattern of psoriatic arthritis in Germany: a prospective interdisciplinary epidemiological study of 1511 patients with plaque-type psoriasis .Br J Dermatol 2009 ;160:1040–47.
[4]. Moll JMH, Wright V. Psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1973; 3: 55–78.
[5]. Gisondi P, Girolomoni G, Sampogna F, Tabollis S, Abeni D. Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis and joint complaints in a large population of Italian patients hospitalized for psoriasis. Eur J Dermatol 2005; 15: 279-83.

Abstract: Aim : To observe the incidence of carcinoma Gall-Bladder in relation to Gall-Stones in RIMS. Material and method : The present study comprised of 272 specimen of surgically removed gall-bladder irrespective of clinical or ultrasonological diagnosis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of detailed history, through clinical examination, ultrasonological examination and confirmed by histopathological examination. Result : In our study we included 276 cases in which 4 cases were inoperable and remaining 272 cases were treated with cholecystectomy..............

Keywords: Gall bladder, carcinoma, gall stones.

[1]. Manoj Pandey, Alok K. Pathak, Amitabh Gautam, Nakul C. Aryya, Vijay K. Shukla. Carcinoma of the Gallbladder. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2001,46(6):1145-1151.
[2]. Cooke L, Jones FA,Keech MK. Carcinoma of gallbladder; a statistical study.Lancet. 1953 jan;62(1):26-32
[3]. Adson MA. Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Surg Clin North Am. 1973 Oct;53(5):1203-16.
[4]. Marshall, S. F. and Morgan, E. S.: Carcinoma of gall bladder. Surg. Clin. N.Amer., 18: 687-693, 1938
[5]. Marcial-Rojas RA, Medina R. Unsuspected carcinoma of the gallbladder in acute and chronic cholecystitis. Ann Surg. 1961 Feb;153:289-98..

Abstract: Background: The spectrum of hepatobiliary disorders in children is different from those of adults and include a variety of acute and chronic disorders and these variations are attributable to different factors and they vary with geographical area.Therefore, there is need of such study to find out the spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases in different areas. Aim:To find out the existing pattern of hepatobiliary disorders in children presenting at a tertiary care center in North East India.............

Keywords: Hepatobiliary disease, children, chronic liver disease, hepatitis A, Wilsons disease

[1]. Bhave SA, Bavdekar A, Pandit AN. Changing patterns of chronic liver disease in India. Indian J Pediatr. 1994; 61:675-682.
[2]. Dar GA, Zarger SA, Jan K, Malik MI, Mir TA, Dar MA. Spectrum of liver diseases among children in Kashmir Valley. Academic medical Journal of India. 2014,11 (3):80-86.
[3]. Yachha SK, Sharma BC, Khanduri A, Srivastava A. Current spectrum of hepatobiliary disorders in Northern India. Indian Pediatr. 1997; 34:885-890.
[4]. Ray G. trends of chronic liver disease in a tertiary care referral hospital in Eastern India. Indian J Public Health. 2014; 58:186-194.
[5]. Zaka-ur-Rab Z, Chopra K, Kalra BP, Sharma I. Clinico-pathological profile of children with liver disease in Uttaranchal. Curr Pediatric Research. 2008; 12 (1&2):39-41..

Abstract: Introduction: Assessment of ventricular morphology and dimensions plays a crucial role in a wide range of clinical conditions associated with ventricular enlargement such as CNS infections, meningitis, and brain tumors . Of all the ventricular dimensions, linear ratios of lateral ventricles are the simplest to enumerate and also to reproduce. Objective: The aim of our study is to establish standard reference values for Frontal Horn ratio (FHR) and Bicaudate - Frontal Index or Ventricular index using Computed Tomogram (CT) for normal South Indian population..............

Keywords: Bicaudate-frontal ratio, frontal horn ratio, hydrocephalus, Ventricular index, Ventriculomegaly

[1]. Jackson A, Lee J. Ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Standring S, Borley NR, Coliins P, Crossman AR, Gatzoulis MA, Healy JC et al; Gray's anatomy, the anatomical basis of clinical practice; 40th edition (Spain:Elsevier, 2008) 237-240.
[2]. Davies MW, Swaminathan M, Chuang SL, Betheras FR. Reference ranges for the linear dimensions of the intracranial ventricles in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 82(3), 2000, 218–223.
[3]. Snell RS. The Ventricular System, the Cerebrospinal Fluid, and the Blood-Brain and Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barriers; Clinical Neuroanatomy; 7th Edition. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010) 446 – 474.
[4]. Rekate HL. A contemporary definition and classification of hydrocephalus. Semin Pediatr Neurol, 16(1),Mar. 2009,9-15.
[5]. Patnaik P, Singh V, Singh S, Singh D. Lateral Ventricle Ratios Correlated to diameters of cerebrum - A study on CT scans of head. J. Anat. Sciences. 22 (2),Dec. 2014, 5-11...

Abstract: Pain is an "epidemic" that need to be eradicated. Many people suffered from inadequate pain assessment and management at emergency department globally. Those who do feel pain seldom think it is felt. The continuous collaboration and support from higher authorities will ensure awareness and better patient care. We need to work together with holistic and concentrated approach towards good pain care practice.

Keywords: Emergency Department, Pain management, higher authorities, holistic approach, pain care practice.

[1] Kamarul Aryffin Baharuddin, Nasir Mohamad, Nik Hisamuddin Nik Abdul Rahman, Rashidi Ahmad, Nik Ahmad Shaiffudin Nik Him. Assessing Patient Pain Scores in the Emergency Department. Malays J Med Sci. 2010 Jan-Mar; 17(1): 17–22. PMCID: PMC3216146
[2] Eder SC, Sloan EP, Todd KH. Documentation of ED patient pain by nurses and physicians. Am J Emerg Med. 2003; 21:253–257.
[3] A. Paez Borda, F. Charnay-Sonnek, V. Fonteyne, E.G. Papaioannou. Guidelines on Pain Management & Palliative Care, 2013. European Association of Urology.
[4] Christopher E, Tonya MP, Amanda C de C Williams, Amy Lewandowski H, Stephen M, Emma F, Emily L. Psychological Therapies for the management of Chronic and recurrent Pain. Cohcrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5 May 2014. Editorial Group: Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003968.pub4..

Abstract: Back Ground: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology more commonly known as FNAC is a simple procedure to diagnose easily palpable masses in the body. Its efficiency is almost as accurate as that of histo-pathological diagnosis. This technique is extended to the bony and other skeletal swellings as a preliminary diagnostic tool before confirming by biopsy. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) can be done, in most cases, as an OPD procedure and the slide is ready for reporting within 1-2 hours. The procedure can be mastered very easily and the equipment required is readily available even in the peripheral hospitals..............

Keywords: FNAC, Musculo-skeletal tumors, Cytological diagnosis

..........

Abstract: Myofascial pain is considered one of the most frequent causes of pain. Simons reviewed the literature and indicated that in practice of internal medicine about 30% of patients suffer from myofascial pain. Regardless of the underlying mechanism of trigger point origination, the treatment of MPS is usually directed to the trigger point in the palpable taut band aiming at reducing its sensitivity. Iontophoresis is non invasive, economical, less irritable and comfort to the patient than invasive method. Many authors stated that Lidocaine Iontophoresis is effective in decreasing musculoskeletal pain..............

Keywords: Myofascial Pain syndrome, trigger point, Iontophoresis, Lidocaine

[1]. Simons DG (1995) Myofascial pain syndrome: one term but two concepts: a new understanding. J Musculoskeletal Pain 3(1): 7 – 13.
[2]. Kraus H, Fischer AA (1991) Diagnosis and treatment of myofascial pain. Mt Sinai J Med. 58: 235 – 249.
[3]. Bell WE (1990) Temporomandibular Disorders: Classification, Diagnosis, Management. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago.
[4]. Alvarez JD, Rockwell GP (2000) Trigger point: diagnosis and management. American journal of family physician. 65(4): 653 – 60.
[5]. Gemell H, Miller P, Nordstrom H (2007) Myofascial trigger point in subjects presenting with mechanical neck pain. Manual therapy. 12(1): 29 – 33..

Abstract: Low intensity pulsed ultrasound has been a therapeutic modality in various fields for many years.LIPUS has shown to have beneficial consequences on treatment of fractures, treating mal union and non-union of bone,condylar growth, repair and regeneration. LIPUS is one of the methods of tissue engineering which can help in the repair and regeneration of tooth supporting tissues. The aim of this paper is to enlighten and make clinicians aware of this newer modality and its uses. Also it aims at addressing the need for more research in this area for promising results.

Keywords: LIPUS,repair and regeneration, tissue engineering

[1]. Rego EB, Takata T, Tanne K, Tanaka E (2012) Current Status of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Dental Purposes. Open Dent J 6: 220–225

[2]. Singh SP, Devaraj CG, AshishYadav D, Mishra P. International journal of research in dentistry low intensity pulsed ultrasound-a phenomenal remedy for challenging maladies
[3]. Claes L, Willie B. The enhancement of bone regeneration by ultrasound. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2007; 93:384–98.
[4]. Inubushi T, Tanaka E, Rego EB, et al. Effects of ultrasound on the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblast lineage cells. J Periodontol . 2008; 79:984–90.
[5]. Rego EB, Inubushi T, Kawazoe A, et al. Ultrasound stimulation induces PGE2 synthesis promoting cementoblastic differentiation through EP2/EP4 receptor pathway. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2010; 36:907–15...

Abstract: Background: Internal iliac artery supplies the pelvic viscera. Internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) is a valuable surgical procedure to control intractable pelvic haemorrhage with the mainstay aim of uterus preservation. There is a reduction of 85% in pulse pressure and 48% in the blood flow in the arteries distal after internal iliac artery ligation. Thus, the expertise to perform IIAL should be present in every obstetric unit. Objective(s) : To find out the utility of emergency internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) in a busy gynecological and obstetric setup..............

[1]. Ferrazzani S, Guariglia L, Draisci G, Sorrentino L, De Stefano V, D'Onofrio G et al. Postpartum hemorrhage. Minerva Gynecol. 2005;57(2):111-29.

[2]. Geller SE, Adams MG, Miller S. A continuum of care model for postpartum hemorrhage. Int J Fertil Women's Med. 2007; 52(2-3):97-105.

[3]. Camuzcuoglu H, Toy H, Vural M, Yildiz F, Aydin H. Internal iliac artery ligation for severe postpartum hemorrhage and severe hemorrhage after postpartum hysterectomy. J ObstetGynaecol Res. 2010;36(3):538- 43.
[4]. Williams LP, Warwick R, Dyson M, Bannister LH. Gray's Text Book of Anatomy, 37th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1989, 777- 78
[5]. Burchell RC. Physiology of internal iliac ligation. J ObstetGynaecol Br Commonwealth 1968; 75:642-651.

Abstract: Major disadvantage of a cement retained implant fixed prosthesis is the entrapment of residual excess cement in the peri-implant space especially in cases with deep restoration margins.In order to reduce the entrapment various design modifications of abutments and final restorations were suggested. Aim: Aim of the study was to compare theamount of residual excess cement formed after cementation(I)a final restoration on a custom fabricated abutment with long collar to reduce the depth of gingival sulcus, (II) a modified crown with a vent hole in the coronal area and (III) conventional technique. Methods: 30 implant sites with gingival collar height more than 4 mm were restored with the above three techniques and the amount of residual excess cement formed is collected and weighed and compared..............

[1]. Pauletto, N., Lahiffe, B.J. & Walton, J.N. (1999) Complications associated with excess cement around crowns on osseointegrated implants: a clinical report.The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 14: 865–868.
[2]. Gapski, R., Neugeboren, N., Pomeranz, A.Z. &Reissner, M.W. (2008) Endosseousimplant failure influenced by crown cementation: a clinical case report. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 23: 943–946.
[3]. Belser, U.C., Schmid, B., Higginbottom, F. &Buser, D. (2004) Outcome analysis of implant restorations located in the anterior maxilla: a review of the recent literature. The International Journal of Oral &MaxillofacialImplants 19 (Suppl.): 30–42.
[4]. Andersson, B., Odman, P., Lindvall, A.M. &Branemark, P.I. (1998) Cemented single crowns on osseointegrated implants after 5 years: results from a prospective study on CeraOne. International Journal of Prosthodontics 11: 212–218.
[5]. Agar, J.R., Cameron, S.M., Hughbanks, J.C. &Parker,M.H. (1997) Cement removal from restorations luted to titanium abutments with simulated subgingival margins. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 78: 43–47

Abstract: Purpose: To monitor the changes in tooth enamel morphology under in vitro conditions after caries development and its treatment with a mineralization varnish - Clinpro ™ White Varnish with TCP (3M). Methods: The material used is from 20 temporary teeth. Treatment caries with remineralization with application of varnish - Clinpro ™ White Varnish with TCP. The measurement was done with a desktop X-ray microtomography scanner SkyScan 1272 produced by the company Bruker. The experiment is conducted and captured six examiners from the Institute of Physical Chemistry,, Academic Rostislav Kaishev "of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in the city Sofia..........

Keywords: Remineralization, mineralization varnish, CT- computer tomography

[1]. Makinen KK. Sugar alcohols, caries incidence and remineralization of caries lesions: a literature review. Int J Dent. 2010; 2010:981072 [PubMed] [CrossRef].
[2]. Walsh LJ. Evidence that demands a verdict: latest developments in remineralization therapies. Aust Dent Pract. 2009 Mar/Apr;20(2):48 -59.
[3]. Iimima Y. Early detection of white spot lesions with digital camera and remineralization therapy. Aust Dent J. 2008 Sep;53(3):274-280 [PubMed] [CrossRef].
[4]. Culity BD, Stock SR. Elements of X-ray dyration, 3rd ed. Upper sadle river, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2001.
[5]. Gudavarthy Rakesh, Elizabeth A. Kulp. Epitaxial Electrodeposition of chiral films Using chiral precursors. Recent advances in cristalography: 1-20.

Abstract: It has been estimated that 90% of people with HIV disease will present with at least one oral manifestation sometimes during the course of their infection. Oral manifestations were among the early documented signs of HIV infection and over 40 manifestations have been described. Oral manifestations can serve as clinical correlates of CD4 count and viral load. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, pattern, risk factors and likely predictors of oral manifestations among HIV patients. A total of 207 adult HIV seropositive subjects who were HAART naïve and gave informed consent were recruited for the study. A researcher administered questionnaire was used documenting patient's socio- demographic characteristics and past medical history, which included the oral cavity..........

Keywords: Adults, HAART Naïve, HIV, Oral Manifestations.

[1]. Global Health Observatory (GBO) data. HIV/AIDS available at www.who.int/gho/hiven/accessedon8/4/2016
[2]. Nigeria HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate. Available at www.indexmundi.com/Nigeria/hiv-aids-adultprevlancerate-htmlaccessed. 8/4/2016
[3]. LC Chapple Lain and J Hamburger, The significance of oral health in HIV disease, Sexually transmitted Infections 76(4), 2000, 236-243.
[4]. AN Onume and ON Obuekwe, HIV-related oral disease in Benin City, Nigeria, West African Journal of Medicine, 21(1), 2002, 9-11.
[5]. JT Arotiba, RA Adebola, Z Ihiyasu, M Babashan, Oral manifestations of HIV infection in Nigeria patients seen in Kano, Nigeria Journal of Surgical Research, 7(1&2), 2005, 176-181.

Abstract: Background And Objectives: The development of third molars and its influence on the dental arches has long been a concern to the dental profession. It would be useful to know the effect of orthodontic therapy on the final and crucial position of the developing third molar. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of first premolar extraction, second premolar extraction and non-extraction on mandibular third molar angulation, to determine whether premolar extraction results in a more mesial movement of the buccal segment and causes favourable changes in the mandibular third molar angulation, which can enhance later eruption of the third molars and to evaluate the difference in mandibular third molar angulation change between first premolar (moderate anchorage) and second premolar extraction cases.............

Keywords: Third molar, Nonextraction, 1st premolar extraction, 2nd premolar extraction, Horizontal reference plane.

[1]. Saysel MY, Meral GD, Kocadereli I, Tasar F. The Effects of First Premolar Extractions on Third Molar Angulations. Angle
Orthod 2005; 75(5): 719–722.
[2]. Elsey MJ, Rock WP. Influence of orthodontic treatment on development of third molars. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 38: 350–
353.
[3]. Kim TW, Artun J, Behbehani F, Artese F. Prevalence of third molar impaction in orthodontic patients treated nonextraction and
with extraction of 4 premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003; 123(2): 138–145.
[4]. Staggers JA, Germane N, Fortson WM. A comparison of the effects of first premolar extractions on third molar angulation. Angle
Orthod 1991; 62(2): 135-138.
[5]. Jain S, Valiathan A. Influence of First Premolar Extraction on Mandibular Third Molar Angulation. Angle Orthod 2009; 79(6):
1143–1148.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with DM are frequently afflicted with ischemic vascular disease or impaired wound healing. Type 2 DM is well-known to accelerate the atherosclerotic process, endothelial cell dysfunction, glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins, and vascular denervation. Naturally occurring products play an essential role in treating and managing diabetes, especially in developing countries, due to healthcare costs. Therefore, for a long time, natural treatments have been used worldwide to treat DM. Among many medications and alternative medicines, several herbs.............

Keywords: ...........

[1]. Whiting, D.R., Guariguata, L., Weil, C., Shaw, J., 2011. IDF diabetes atlas; global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes. Res. Clin. Pract. 94(3), 311–21.
[2]. Chakraborty, C., Roy, S.S., Hsu, M.J., Agoramoorthy, G., 2011. Landscape mapping of functional proteins in insulin signal transduction and insulin resistance, a network-based protein-protein interaction analysis. PLoS. One. 6(1), e16388