iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2017

Abstract: The virtue of becoming a mother is God's greatest gift to womankind. However, sometimes the mother has to pay a heavy duty for this privilege. During pregnancy, there are progressive anatomical, physiological, and/or may be even some pathological changes which involve not only the reproductive system but also all other organ systems of the body even including the eyes. Pregnancy can affect the eyes in many ways (i.e. physiological or pathological) which are being described in this article.

[1]. Sanke RF: Blepharoptosis as a complication of pregnancy. Ann Ophthalmol 16:720,1984
[2]. Esteve E, Sandeau L, Pierre F et al: physiological cutaneous signs in normal pregnancy: a study of60 pregnant women. Ann dermatol Venerol 121:227,1994
[3]. Qureshi 1A: Intraocular pressure and pregnancy. A comparison between normal and ocular hypertensive subjects. Arch Med Res 28:397, 1997
[4]. Riss B, Riss P: corneal sensitivity in pregnancy. Ophthalmologica 183:57, 1981
[5]. Sarwar M: Contact lenses and contraceptives. Br Med J 1:1235,1996

Abstract: Purpose: To show our results of removal of RIOFB successfully from the eye with good anatomical and functional outcome. Method: Retrospective study of 4 patients. RIOFB localised preoperatively by clinical examination and also by imaging modalities. Main outcomes including anatomic and visual outcomes, and both intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Result: All were young males. Two had RIOFB embedded in posterior segment, were operated for pars plana vitrectomy with endolaser and silicone oil injection...........

Keywords: RIOFB, vitrectomy, endolaser, foreign body

[1]. Parver LM, Dannenberg AL, Blacklow B, et al. Characteristics and causes of penetrating eye injuries reported to the National Eye Trauma System Registry, 1985–91. Public Health Rep 1993;108:625–30.
[2]. Chow DR, Garretson BR, Kuczynski B,Williams GA, Margherio R, Cox MS, TreseMT, Hassan T, Ferrone P. External versus internal approach to the removal of metal- lic intraocular foreign bodies. Retina 2000;20: 364369.
[3]. Brinton GS, Aaberg TM, Reeser FH, et al. Surgical results in ocular trauma involving the posterior segment. Am J Ophthalmology 1982;93:271–8.
[4]. de Juan E Jr, Sternberg P Jr, Michels RG. Penetrating ocularinjuries. Types of injuries and visual results. Ophthalmology1983;90:1318–22.
[5]. Coleman DJ, Lucas BC, Rondeau MJ, Chang S. Managementof intraocular foreign bodies. Ophthalmology 1987;94:164753.

Abstract: Background: Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic joint disease affecting ambulation of a person. The incidence of osteoarthritis is rising because of the ageing population and the epidemic of obesity. Pain and loss of function are the main clinical features that lead to treatment. Aim and objectives: To assess the components alignment in total knee replacement done using traditional jigs which include Varus, valgus and rotational alignment of tibial and femoral components Posterior tibial slope and posterior condylar offset preoperatively and post operatively. To assess the relationship between components alignment and the functional outcome.............

Keywords: TKR, Jigs

[1]. Vail TP, Lang JE. Insall and Scott surgery of the knee. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2006. p. 1455-1521.
[1]. Insall J, Ranawat CS, Scott WN, Walker P. Total condylar knee replacement. Preliminary report.ClinOrthopRelat Res 1976; 120:149-54.
[2]. Kim RH, Scott WN. Operative techniques: total knee replacement. Philadelphia:Saunders-Elsevier; 2009. p. 91-103.
[3]. Stuart MJ. Anatomy and surgical approaches in Joint replacement arthroplasty.3rded. 2003.p. 945.
[4]. Kettlekamp DB, Pryor P, Brady TA. Selective use of the variable axis knee.ClinOrthopRelat Res 1979;3:301-2.
[5]. Ferguson M. Excision of the knee joint: recovery with a false joint and useful limb. Med Times Gaz 1861;1:601..

Abstract: Background: Lactating mothers from low income settings are considered as a nutritionally vulnerable group. Due to nursing process, mothers are subjected to nutritional stresses. Frequent pregnancies followed by lactation increase the health risk of mothers resulting in a high maternal mortality. Objectives: To assess the socio-demographic profile of lactating mothers attending immunization clinic of Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, to determine the nutritional status of these mothers, to find out the different factors affecting their nutritional status................

Keywords: BMI, Pallor, Additional meal.

[1]. Amosu A.M, Degun A.M, Atumolah N.O.S, Olanrewju M.F (November 15, 2011), A Study of the Nutritional Status of Under-5 Children of Low-Income Earners in a South-Western Nigerian Community. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences 3(6):578-585, 2011.
[2]. K. Park. Park's Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine. 22nd edtion: 482-483.
[3]. Haileslassie K, Mulugeta A, Girma M. Feeding practices, nutritional status, and associated factors of lactating women in Samre Woreda, South Eastern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Nutr J. 2013Mar1; 12:28.
[4]. Ogechi U P, Okpara M. A Study of the Nutritional Status and Dietary intake of Lactating Women in Umuahia, Nigeria. American Journal of Health Research.Voume2, Issue 1, January 2014. Pages: 20-26.
[5]. Haidar J, Muroki NM, Omwega AM, Ayana G. Malnutrition and Iron deficiency in lactating women in urban slum communities from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. East Afr Med J.2003 Apr, 80(4):191-4..

Abstract: The primary goal of fracture management is restoration of healing of the fractured bone, resulting in restoration of form and function. Even though titanium plating system is well established in treatment for mandibular fracture there are certain inherent disadvantages. In order to overcome these drawbacks Resorbable polymers were evolved for usage in Rigid Internal Fixation. Resorbable materials have been used as fixation materials in craniomaxillofacial surgery and orthognathic surgery. In contrast to titanium plating systems, resorbable plating systems have not been used on larger scale for the fixation of mandibular fractures. Objectives : This study aims to access the efficacy, stability and rigidity of bioresorbable poly-L-lactide (PLLA) system for mandibular symphysis and parasymphysis fracture osteosynthesis.................

Keywords: Symphysis and parasymphysis fractures, Undisplaced, Isolated, Bioresorbable plates, bite force, 3D CT

[1]. Kulkarni RK, Moore EG, Hegyeli AF, et al ; Biodegradable poly (lactic acid) polymers. J Biomed Mater Res, 1971:5;169
[2]. Cutright DE, Hunsuck EE, Beasley JD ―Fracture reduction using a biodegradable material, poly lactic acid‖ . J.Oral Surg.1971;2:393-7
[3]. Getter L, Cutright DE, Bhaskar SN, et al : A biodegradable intraosseous appliance in the treatment of mandibular fractures. J.Oral Surg, 1972:30;344
[4]. Cutright DE, Perez B, Beasley JD.III, Larson WJ, Posey WR: Degradation rates of polymers and co polymers of poly lactic and poly glycolic acids. Oral surg,1974 ;37:142-152
[5]. Bos R R M, Boering G, Rozema F R and Leenslag J W : Resorbable poly (L-lactide) plates and screws for the fixation of zygomatic fractures. J.Oral.Maxillofac.Surg, 1987;45;751753

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two electronic apex locators in presence of herbal irrigants after cleansing and shaping of the root canals . Materials and methods: Sixty five extracted human permanent single rooted teeth with mature apices were selected. Electronic working length was measured following manufacturers instruction after access opening and then before the bio mechanical preparation and after the preparation with Root ZX mini and Propex PIXI respectively using Tulsi, Turmeric and Green Tea extract. The difference between electronic length and actual length was calculated.................

Keywords: Apex locator, Tulsi, Turmeric, Green Tea, Working length.

[1]. Inoue N, Skinner DH. A simple and accurate way of measuring root canal length. J Endod. 1985;11:421–7. [2]. Contemporary terminology for Endodontics. 6th ed. Chicago: American Association of Endodontists; 1998. Glossary. [3]. Nekoofar MH, Ghandi MM, Hayes SJ, Dummer PM. The fundamental operating principles of electronic root canal length measuring devices. Int Endod J. 2006;39:595–609.
[4]. Sharad Kamat , Rajeev K , Prahlad Saraf., Role Of Herbs In Endodontics. An Update, Endodontolog
[5]. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants, J Endod, 32, 2006, 389–98.

Abstract: Mucocele of Appendix occurs when there is abnormal accumulation of mucus within the appendix leading to dilation of appendiceal lumen by mucus. The disease is considered as a rare lesion of the appendix, which is found in 0.2 to 0.3 % of the appendectomies. The course and prognosis of mucocele related to the histological subtypes. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to non-specific clinical manifestation and 50% are discovered incidentally at surgery. Patient may present with pain in lower right quadrant of abdomen and surgeon may mistake it for acute appendicitis.................

Keywords: Mucocele, appendix, pseudomyxomaperitonei, sonography.

[1]. Rangarajan M., Palanivelu C., Kavalakat A. J., Parthasarathi R. Laparoscopic appendectomy for mucocele of the appendix. Report 8 cases. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2006;25(5):256–257. [PubMed]
[2]. Marudanayagam R., Williams G. T., Rees B. I. Review of the pathological results of 2660 appendectomy specimens. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(8):745–749. [PubMed]
[3]. Ruiz-Tovar J., Teruel D. G., Gastineires V. M., Dehesa A. S., Quindos P. L., Molina E. M. Mucocele of the appendix. World J Surg. 2007;31(3):542–548. [PubMed]
[4]. Smeenk R. M., van Velthuysen M. L., Verwaal V. J., Zoetmulder F. A. Appendiceal neoplasms and pseudomyxomaperitonei: a population-based study. Eur J SurgOncol. 2008;34(2):196–201. [PubMed]
[5]. Stocchi L, Wolff BG, Larson DR, et al. Surgical treatment of appendicealmucocele. Arch Surg. 2003;138(6):585-590.

Abstract: Nutrient foramina are the largest foramina present in the shaft of a long bone which allows the passage of the blood vessel to enter the bone. Nutrient arteries play an important role not only in the active growth phase of the foetus but also in early stage of ossification. Eventhough the bone is supplied by many periosteal and diaphyseal arteries the major arterial supply to the long bone is by nutrient arteries. The nutrient artery has a particular position in every long bone and its direction always away from the growing end. The aim of the study was to assess the presence of number and position of nutrient foramina and its clinical relevance.The present study was conducted................

Keywords: Diaphysis, Foramina index, Long bone, Nutrient artery, Nutrient foramen.

[1]. Malukar O, Joshi H. Diaphysial Nutrient Foramina In LongBones And Miniature Long Bones,NJIRM;2011,2 (2): 23-26.
[2]. Bridgeman G, Brookes M. Blood supply to human femoral diaphysis in youth and senescence. J.Anat, 1996,188, 611-621.
[3]. Patake SM, Mysorekar VR. Diaphysial nutrient foramina in human metacarpals and metatarsals, J Anat, 1977, 124 (2): 299–304.
[4]. Berard, Arch, Gener, De Med II Serie 1835; 2(7): 176-183
[5]. Havers C. Osteologia nova, or some new observations of bones S Smith: London 1691

Abstract: Treatment of distal humerus intra articular fractures are more problematic as humerus becomes more wider going to distally and become narrow , small fragments with thin bone, less bone mass, weight of the forearm causing distraction of fragments, poor purchase in this area causing more implant failure problems. Distal humerus having complex anatomy, articular margin should be maintained anatomically if they are not maintained anatomically movements will decrease and arthritis will develop and pain causing decreased quality of life that causing economical, functional, psychological effect on the patient and family ..............

Keywords: Bi columnar ,intra articular , distal humerus , locking plates ,adults.

[1]. Robinson, C. Michael, Et Al. "Adult Distal Humeral Metaphyseal Fractures: Epidemiology And Results Of Treatment." Journal Of Orthopaedic Trauma 17.1 (2003): 38-47.

[2]. Soffer, S. R., And M. A. Yahiro. "Continuous Passive Motion After Internal Fixation Of Distal Humerus Fractures." Orthopaedic Review 19.1 (1990): 88-93

[3]. Holdsworth BJ, Mossad MM. Fractures Of The Adult Distal Humerus. Elbow Function After Internal Fixation. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1990;72(3):362–500006.

[4]. Egol, Kenneth A., Et Al. "Biomechanics Of Locked Plates And Screws." Journal Of Orthopaedic Trauma 18.8 (2004): 488-4Iqbal
[5]. Korner, J, Lill, H, Müller, LP, Rommens, PM, Schneider, E, Linke, B. The LCP-Concept In The Operative Treatment Of Distal Humerus Fractures-Biological, Biomechanical And Surgical Aspects. Injury. 2003;34:B20–B30

Abstract: Gingival smile is a constant complaint and its treatment modalitiesvary from simple methods like use of botulinum toxin, to even complex ones as orthognathic surgery.In this era of passion to look beautiful, various new technologies are emerging to enhance and improve the physical appearance. Use of this toxin is emerging as a popular, cost effective and least invasive treatment option to improve facial anomalies. Botulinum toxin is a protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum................

Keywords: Botox, Botulinum toxin, gummy smile

[1]. Erbguth FJ. Historical notes on botuiiam, Clostridium botlinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin. MovDisord 2004;19(Suppl):S2—S6.
[2]. Schantz EJ, Sugiyama H. Toxic proteins produced by Clostridium botlinum. J Agric Food Chem 1974;22:26—3O.
[3]. Flynn TC. Update on botulinum toxin. SeminCutan Med Surg 2007;26:196-202.
[4]. Freitag FG. Botulinum toxin type A in chronic migraine. Expert Rev Neurother 2007;7:463—470.
[5]. mendez—Eastman, SK. Botox: a review. PlastSurgNurs 2000;20:60-65.

Abstract: Introduction: Dentists generate wastes in their practices that challenge global environment and human health.'Green Dentistry' will improve human wellbeing through minimization of waste, decrease in pollution and conservation of energy and water. Objective: To know about dental practitioner's attitudes and the factors that are influential in the adoption of green dentistry. Methodology: 100 registered private dental practitioners in Hubli-Dharwad were approached and data was collected and analysed using pretested questionnaire containing attitudes and persuasive factors influencing adoption of green dentistry...........

[1]. World Health Organisation, 2011. Healthy hospitals healthy planet healthyPeople: addressing climate change in health care settings. World HealthOrganisation (WHO) and Health Care without Harm (HCWH), http://www.who. int/globalchange/publications/climatefootprint_report. pdf
[2]. Garla, B.K., 2012. Green dentistry; ecofriendly dentistry: beneficial forpatients, beneficial for the environment. Annals and Essences of Dentistry4(2), pp.72-74.
[3]. http:// www.who.int>mediacentre>factsheets
[4]. Wolfe, K.L. and Shanklin, C.W., 2001. Environmental practices andmanagement concerns of conference center administrators. Journal ofHospitality and Tourism Research 25(2), pp.209-216.
[5]. Iqbal, H., 2012. Consumer attitude and behavior toward green hospitals in Thailand. The IMRE Journal 6(2), pp.15-36.

Abstract: Introduction: Blood stream infection is one of the major cause of morbidity & mortality in developing countries as of ours. The incidence of sepsis is increasing all over the world particularly in developing countries. Moreover the scenario is complicated in high risk patients particularly neutropenic patients. Standardized methods of blood culture take 48 hours for the Antibiotic susceptibility test result even after being flagged positive by an automated blood culture system and even more by conventional blood culture method. We proceed with this study so as to establish a system so that we can cut short the duration of initial result of AST available to the clinicians for the betterment of these patients.................

[1]. Cheol-In Kang,Sung-Han KimBloodstream Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: Risk Factors for Mortality and Impact of Inappropriate Initial Antimicrobial Therapy on Outcome .doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.2.760-766.2005Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.February 2005 vol. 49 no. 2 760-766

[2]. Andrews, J. M., Jevons, G., Brenwald, N. and Fraise, A. for the BSAC Working Party on Sensitivity Testing. Susceptibility testing Pasteurella multocida by BSAC standardized methodology. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.

[3]. Dr. Mandy Wootton, Dr. Robin Howe Version, BSAC Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 14 January 2015. http://www.bsac.org.uk

[4]. Funke G1, Funke-Kissling P.Use of the BD PHOENIX Automated Microbiology System for direct identification and susceptibility testing of gram-negative rods from positive blood cultures in a three-phase trial. J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Apr;42(4):1466-70

[5]. A. Lupetti S., Barnini, B. Castagna, P.H. Nibbering, M. CampaL.Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Gram-positive cocci in blood cultures by direct inoculation into the BD Phoenix system. CMI,July 2010Volume 16, Issue 7, Pages 986–991

Abstract: Objective: Various local grafts have been used to cover the buccal mucosal defects after the fibrotic bands are released in oral submucous fibrosis but all of them are associated with complications and morbidities. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of collagen membrane to cover the mucosal defect after the excision of fibrotic bands. Materials And Methods : A total of 30 histologically proven cases of advanced oral submucous fibrosis having a mouth opening of less than 20 mm were surgically treated .The procedure involved (1) bilateral release of fibrotic bands (2) bilateral coronoidectomy (3) covering the buccal defects with collagen membrane. Regular followup was done and results were assessed by comparing the preoperative & postoperative maximum mouth opening.................

Keywords: Buccal defect reconstruction, Coronoidectomy, Collagen Membrane, Interincisal distance,Oral submucous fibrosis

[1]. Schwartz J. AtrophiaIdiopathica Mucosae Oris. London: Demonstrated at the 11th Int Dent Congress; 1952.
[2]. Joshi SG. Submucous Fibrosis of The Palate And Pillars. Ind J Otolaryng 1953; 4:1-4.
[3]. Canniff JP, Harvey W, Harris M. Oral submucous fibrosis: its pathogenesis and management. Br Dent J. 1986 Jun 21;160(12):429-34.
[4]. Cox SC, Walker DM. Oral submucous fibrosis. A review.AustDent J. 1996 Oct;41(5):294-9.
[5]. Aziz SR. Oral submucous fibrosis: an unusual disease. J N J Dent Assoc. 1997 Spring;68(2):17-9.

Abstract: Background: The frenum may jeopardize the gingival health causing gingival recession, midline diastema when they are attached too closely to the gingival margin, either because of an interference with the proper placement of a toothbrush, either due to interference in the plaque control or through the opening of the gingival crevice because of a muscle pull. The management of such an aberrant frenum is accomplished by performing a frenectomy procedure. The conventional technique has certain disadvantages, namely large rhomboidal wound area where primary closure is not possible in the lower part and healing takes place by secondary intention................

Keywords: Frenum, conventional technique, paralleling technique

[1]. HH Takei, RA Azzi. Periodontal plastic and esthetic surgery. In: Newman MG, Carranza FA, editors. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. London: W.B. Saunders; 2002. 870-871.
[2]. K Butchibabu, P Koppolu, A Mishra, R Pandey, LA Swapna, UK Uppada. Evaluation of patient perceptions after labial frenectomy procedure: A comparison of diode laser and scalpel techniques. J Indian Soc Periodontology (2014); 3 (2): 129-133.
[3]. MC Haytac, O Ozcelik. Evaluation of patient perceptions after frenectomy operations: A comparison of carbon dioxide laser and scalpel techniques. J Periodontol 2006; 77: 1815‑1819.
[4]. SS Abullais, N Dani, P Ningappa et al. Paralleling technique for frenectomy and oral hygiene evaluation after frenectomy. J Indian Soc Periodontology (2016); 20(1): 28-31
[5]. Devishree , SK Gujjari, PV Shubhashini. Frenectomy: A Review with the Reports of Surgical Techniques. J Clin Diagn Res. 2012; 6(9): 1587–1592

Abstract: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the sum of activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of ADRs caused by drugs [1]. In India, the national Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) was established by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) in 2004 to monitor ADRs and to provide drug safety reports to the WHO-ADR monitoring center in Uppsala, Sweden [2]. It is evident that under-reporting of suspected ADRs by health professionals is a widespread problem in India [3] In order to improve the reporting of ADRs, it is important to improve the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of the healthcare professionals regarding ADR reporting

[1]. World Health Organization (WHO). Safety of Medicines.A guide to detecting and reporting adverse drug reactions Why health professionals need to take action. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
[2]. Pal SN, Duncombe C, Falzon D, Olsson S. WHO strategy for collecting safety data in public health programmes: Complementing spontaneous reporting systems. Drug Saf 2013;36:75–81. doi: 10.1007/s40264-012-0014-6
[3]. Tandon VR, Mahajan V, Khajuria V, Gullani Z. Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions: A challenge for pharmacovigilance in India. Indian J Pharmacol 2015;47(1):65–71. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.150344

[4]. Gupta, Sandeep Kumar et al. "A Questionnaire Study on the Knowledge, Attitude, and the Practice of Pharmacovigilance among the Healthcare Professionals in a Teaching Hospital in South India." Perspectives in Clinical Research 6.1 (2015): 45–52. PMC. Web. 27 June 2017.

[5]. Meher, Bikash Ranjan et al. "A Questionnaire Based Study to Assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of South India." Perspectives in Clinical Research 6.4 (2015): 217–221. PMC. Web. 27 June 2017.

Abstract: Objectives: Wear assessment of different ceramic restorations placed against different occlusal antagonists. Materials and methods: Sixty ceramic sample discs (13mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness) were divided into two groups; full contour zirconia (Zr) and lithium disilicate press on zirconia substrate (E.max) discs. Sixty antagonists were constructed and subdivided into three subgroups: (1)Discs wearing against extracted teeth. (2) Discs wearing against Porcelain fused to metal crowns (PFMc). (3)Discs wearing against full contour zirconia crowns (Zrc).Sample discs and antagonists were dynamically three-body loaded................

Keywords: Full contour zirconia, Lithium disilicate ceramic, Wear.

[1]. Kim, M., Oh, S., Kim, J., Ju, S., Seo, D., Jun, S., Ahn, J., and Ryu, J.:Wear evaluation of the human enamel opposing different Y-TZP dental ceramics and other porcelains. Journal of dentistry; 40: 979-88, 2012.
[2]. Jung, Y., Lee, J., Choi, Y., Ahn, J., Shin, S., and Huh, J.: A study on the in-vitro wear of the natural tooth structure by opposing zirconia or dental porcelain. J Adv Prosthodont; 2: 111-5, 2010.

[3]. Wang, L., Liu, Y., Si, W., Feng, H., Tao, Y., and Ma, Z.:Friction and wear behaviors of dental ceramics against natural tooth enamel. Journal of the European Ceramic Society; 32: 2599-606, 2012.
[4]. Figueiredo-Pina, C.G., Monteiro, A., Guedes, M.,Maurı´cio, A., Serro, A.B., Ramalho, A., Santos, C.: Effect of feldspar porcelain coating upon the wear behavior of zirconia dental crowns. Wear; 297: 872–7, 2013.
[5]. Beuer, F., Stimmelmayr, M., Gueth, J.F., Edelhoff, D., and Naumann, M.: In vitro performance of fullcontour zirconia single crowns. Dental Materials; 28 :449–56, 2012.

Abstract: Aim: To estimate and compare the frictional forces engendered by three types of aestheticself- ligating brackets with two straight wire alloys. Materials: The study comprised of a total of 90 brackets, of which 30 passive (Damon clear 2), 30 active (GAC In-Ovation C) and 30 interactive (Empower clear) orthodontic brackets with a slot size of .022X.028 MBT prescription in combination with stainless steel(SS) and Titanium molybdenum alloy(TMA) wires of dimension 0.019X0.025inch.Frictional resistance was evaluated using Instron Universal testing machine and the results were tabulated.Results................

Keywords: Aesthetic self-ligating brackets, Frictional resistance,Stainless Steel and TMA alloy wires.

[1]. Sujeet Kumar,Shamsher Singh, Rani Hamsa P.R, Sameer Ahmed, Evaluation of Friction in Orthodontics Using Various Brackets and Archwire Combinations-An in Vitro Study,J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8(5): ZC33–ZC36
[2]. Tselepis M, Brockhurst P,West VC,The dynamic frictional resistance between orthodontic brackets and archwires.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106:131-38
[3]. Amit gupta, Ravindra B sable ,The effect of various ligation methods on friction in sliding mechanics, JIndian Orthod Soc, 2013;47(2):83-87
[4]. Brian Armstrong-Helouvry, Control of machines with friction(AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer academic publishers, 1991)
[5]. Robert P. Kusy, John Q Whitley Influence of arch wire and bracket dimensions on sliding mechanics: derivatives and determinations of the critical contact angles for binding, Eur J Orthod 21(1999)199-208