iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2017

Abstract: Background: Acid Peptic disease , because of its chronicity owe to a significant cost to health care and also paralyse the wellness of an individual. Recently Bacterial Overgrowth of gut is said to contribute much to morbidity of an individual. Since its discovery by Australian scientists, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, Helicobacter pylori has earned a heroic place in the research field. More than 50 % of the world's population is said to harbor Helicobacter pylori in their upper Gastrointestinal tract. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is the motto along with prevention of recurrence of peptic ulcers for many physicians, surgeons and gastroenterologists all over the world. Total eradication has been a challenging task for the treating community and thus warrant a perfect holistic regime for the eradication of the helical bacterium and henceforth the disease............

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori triple regime kit, Rebamipide

[1]. HSDB Record Name : PPI http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov., accessed : February 2017
[2]. Daily Med Label: Amoxycillin https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/., accessed : February 2017
[3]. Yuan Y, Ford AC et al., Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication., Cochrane datadase Syst Rev.2013 Dec 11. CD008337 (Medline)
[4]. Nyssen OP et al., Sequential versus standard triple first line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Cochrane database Syst Rev.2016 June 28.CD009034 (Medline)
[5]. Riccardo Urgesi et al ., Update on triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: current status of the art., Clinical Exp Gastroenterology 2012; 5:151-157. 2012 Sep 2017 PMC3449761

Abstract: Spigelian hernias occur in the lower abdomen where the posterior sheath is deficient. It protrudes through a slit like defect in the anterior abdominal wall adjacent to the semilunar line. The hernia ring is formed as a well-defined defect in the transversus abdominis. Extraperitoneal fatty tissue surrounds the hernial sac and it passes through the transversus and the internal oblique aponeuroses. Then spreads out beneath the intact aponeurosis of the external oblique. Spigelian hernia is a rare entity and constitutes 0.12% of abdominal wall hernias. Due to its interparietal position, it is difficult to diagnose it clinically...........

Keywords: Spigelian hernia, Semilunar line, Spigelian fascia, Preperitoneal space, Total extraperitoneal approach, Transperitoneal approach

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[4]. Raveenthiran V (Dec 2005). "Congenital Spigelian hernia with cryptorchidism: probably a new syndrome". Hernia. 9 (4): 378–80. PMID 15782280. doi:10.1007/s10029-005-0316-z
[5]. Vos DI, Scheltinga MR (2004). "Incidence and outcome of surgical repair of spigelian hernia". The British journal of surgery. 91 (5): 640–4. PMID 15122618. doi:10.1002/bjs.4524

Abstract: Acrochordons also known as fibroepithelial polyps(1) are small benign tumors that form primarily in areas where the skin forms creases, such as neck, armpit and groin. Most of the acrochordans are small in size and varies from 2 – 5 mm in diameter. Histopathology plays a major role to distinguish it from other lesions like angiomyxoma(3) which mimics like Fibroepitheleial polyps. They are harmless and typically painless, and do not grow or change over time. Giant skin tags at unusual locations have been rarely reported in literature.

Keywords: Acrochordan, giant, labia majora

[1]. Giant acrochordon of the axilla - Eyas Alkhalili1,Surasri Prapasiri,John Russell, BMJ Case Reports 2015; doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-210623
[2]. Giant Acrochordon of Labia Majora: An Uncommon Manifestation of a Common Disease – J CutanAesthet Surg. 2015 Apr- jun; 8(2): 119-120 doi:10.4103/0974-2077.158454 Shilpa Garg and SukritiBaveja
[3]. Giant Acrochordon of vulva: A rare Occurance – Agarwal A et al -www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJDVL/article/download/14310/11634 Vol. 13, No. 1, 2015. Case Report. NJDVL - 70.

Abstract: Background We designed this prospective, double-blinded, controlled study to investigate the effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2 agonist, on supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SBPB) with ropivacaine in ASA grade I and II patients undergoing upper extremity surgery. Methods Nerve stimulator guided SBPB was performed in 60 patients undergoing upper extremity surgeries with ropivacaine 0.5% 30 mls. Patients in group R (numbers 30) received ropivacaine for SBPB followed by 10 mls of normal saline intravenously. Patients in group RD (numbers 30) received ropivacaine for SBPB followed by dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/ kg body weight. SBPB related sensory and motor scores were evaluated.............

Keywords: brachial plexus block, dexmedetomidine, intravenous, ropivacaine

[1]. Stephen MK, Holly E, Karen CN, Marcy ST, David SW. Peripheral nerve block techniques for Ambulatory Surgery. Anesth Analg 2005; 101: 1663-76.
[2]. Khanduri KC. Regional anesthetic techniques for orthopedic surgeries. Med J Armed Forces India 2008; 64: 109.
[3]. Kuthiala G, Chaudhary G. Ropivacaine: A review of its pharmacology and clinical use. Indian J Anaesth 2011; 55: 104-10.
[4]. Hansen TG. Ropivacaine: A pharmacological review. Expert Review Neurotherapeutics 2004; 4: 781-91.
[5]. Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SL, Al Jazzar MD, Alameddine MM, Al-Yaman R, et al. Effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the charactertistics of bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006; 50: 222-7.

Abstract: Cutaneousvasculitisis a reactiveclinical pattern and increasing incidence maybe due to idiopathic or associatedwith a spectrum of conditions such as infections,drugs ,autoimmunediseases etc. The aim of the presentstudywas to evaluate the etiologicalfactorscausingcutaneousvasculitis and to studycommonclinical pattern of vasculitis..A cohort study was conducted on 25 clinically suspected cases of cutaneous vasculitis attending the out patient department of dermatology, Osmania general hospital, Hyderabad,India for a period of 12 months . Drugs turned out be commonest............

Keywords: Allergic vasculitis,Cutaneous vasculitis, erythema nodosum,NSAIDs,Palpablepurpura.

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[5]. HSP in adults andchildhood.Ricardo Blanco.at al. Arthritis&Rheumatism. Volume40.issue5.may1997,p-859-864.

Abstract: Involvement of venous system by tumor thrombus is one of unique feature of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It occurs in 4% to 10 % of patients with RCC1 and 10% to 25% of these patients presenting an extension above the hepatic vein up to the right atrium or even into the right ventricle 2. Radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy remains most effective therapeutic option in patients with RCC and IVC thrombus.Approximately 45% to 70% of patients with RCC and IVC thrombus can be cured with this method1. IVC involvement is more common on right side.............

[1]. Campbell SC NA, Lane BR. Renal tumors in Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW and Peters CA eds Campbell - Walsh Urology, 10th edition , Saunders - Elsevier , Philadelphia, 2012;1413-1475.
[2]. Belgrano E, Trombetta C, Siracusano S, Carmignani G, Martorana G, Liguori G. Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with vena cava tumor thrombus. EurUrol 2006 (Suppl 5):610-8.
[3]. Lawrentschuk N, Gani J, Riordan R, Esler S, Bolton DM. Multidetector computed tomography vs magnetic resonance imaging for defining the upper limit of tumour thrombus in renal cellcarcinoma: a study and review. BJU Int. 2005;96:291–5.
[4]. Oto A, Herts BR, Remer EM. Inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma: staging by MR imaging and impact on surgical treatment. Am J Roentgenol. 1998;171:1619–24.
[5]. Han Z, Yin C, Meng X, Lu Q, Ju X, Li J et al. Modified liver mobilization for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with thrombosis involving the intrahepatic inferior vena cava. World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2014;12:131-135.

Abstract: Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare tumor of neuro ectodermal origin, commonly occurring at the retroperitoneum in childhood. Due to lack of radiological specificity most of the cases are diagnosed post operatively on histopathological study only. So it's important to keep it in differential diagnosis. Overall survival is good in these group of tumors.

Keywords: ganglioneuroma, neuro ectoderm, retroperitoneum

[1]. Karki S et al ,May-August 2012; Vol 10 (No.2);147-149
[2]. Rosai and Ackerman's surgical pathology, roasai, 10th edition, volume 1, page 1074
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[5]. Stowens D. Neuroblastomas and related tumors. Arch Pathol 1957; 63:451-459.

Abstract: NRIIMS is a medical institute situated in the outskirts of the port city of visakhapatnam Aim:To know the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in students of NRIIMS Material And Methods:Fasting samples were taken from 300 medical students belonging to NRIIMS and were analysed for fasting glucose. Observation: Out of 300 students 12 students glucose was in the range of 110mg/dl to 126 mg/dl(impaired levels).The Mean in males was 91.21 with SD of 8.81 and SE0.98 and t value of 0.9865.The Mean value in females was 90.24 with SD of 7.61...........

Keywords: Impaired fasting glucose,medical students,NRIIMS

[1]. DM Vasudevan,Sreekumari S,K.Vaidyanathan:Text book of Biochemistry:7th Edition:Chapter24:Pg324
[2]. Stephen J Mc Phee,Maxine APapadakis,Micheal W Rabow,Current Medical Diagnosis And Treatment(CMDT),51ST Editin,2012,Chapter27,Pg1161.
[3]. American Diabetes Assosciation.Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetesd Mellitus.Diabetes Care.2011jan;34(suppl 1):S62-9
[4]. SimmonsRKetal.The Metabolic Syndrome:useful concept or Clinical tool?Report of a WHO Expert Consultation.2010Apr;53(4):600-5
[5]. KahnSE etal.Mechanism linking obesity to insulin ressistance and type2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nature.2006Dec14;444(7121);840-6

Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the commonest malignancies worldwide. This systematic review is an attempt to update regarding imaging modalities available for local and regional spread of OSCC. As oral and maxillofacial region has complex anatomy the spread of OSCC does not follow specific pattern. Imaging is necessary for the evaluation of Spread of malignancy. Although there is no specific imaging modality which gives exact dimensions of the malignancy, but the combination of imaging modalities are helpful. Although there are variety of studies on various imaging modalities but there is no consensus on imaging protocol of OSCC for pretreatment evaluation, treatment planning and formulate prognosis.

Keywords: OSCC, CT scan , MR imaging

[1]. Nelson L. Rhodus, Oral cancer: leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma Dent Clin N Am 2005;49:143–165.
[2]. Fagan JJ, Collins B, Barnes L, et al. Perineural invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;124: 637.
[3]. Weber AL, Romo L, Hashmi S. Malignant tumorsof the oral cavity and oropharynx: clinical, pathologic,and radiologic evaluation. NeuroimagingClin N Am 2003;13:443–64.
[4]. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, et al, editors. American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual. 6th edition. New York: Springer; 2002.
[5]. Henrot P, Blum A, Toussaint B, et al. Dynamic maneuvers in local staging of head and neck malignancies with current imaging techniques: principlesand clinical applications. Radiographics 2003;23: 1201–13.

Abstract: Aim: To screen the type 2 patients of medical OPD of NRIIMS for diabetic Nephropathy Materials and Methods: 200 Type 2 diabetic patients reporting to medical OPD of NRIIMS and suffering from diabetes for more than 6 yrs were estimated for urine microalbumin.200 healthy patients were taken as controls Observations: Out of 200 Controls 120 were male and 80 were female.127 (63.5%)patients among cases showed urine microalbumin levels in less than 25 mg/dl range and 73 cases(36.5%) showed urine microalbumin levels between 25 -300.The Mean for cases was 61.63 with SD of 81.94,t value of 7.5 and p value less than 0.0001.The Mean for Controls was 17.69 with SD of 4.34..........

[1]. DM Vasudevan,Sreekumari S,K.Vaidyanathan:Text book of Biochemistry:7th Edition:Chapter24:Pg324
[2]. .4.Stephen J Mc Phee,Maxine APapadakis,Micheal W Rabow,Current Medical Diagnosis And Treatment(CMDT),51ST Editin,2012,Chapter27,Pg1161.
[3]. American Diabetes Assosciation.Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetesd Mellitus.Diabetes Care.2011jan;34(suppl 1):S62-9
[4]. SimmonsRKetal.The Metabolic Syndrome:useful concept or Clinical tool?Report of a WHO Expert Consultation.2010Apr;53(4):600-5
[5]. KahnSE etal.Mechanism linking obesity to insulin ressistance and type2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nature.2006Dec14;444(7121);840-6

Abstract: Chest wall abscess may occur as primary infection or secondary to open trauma or thoracic wall surgery.Early diagnosis and treatment are thetwo main factors responsible for the prognosis. Odontogenic cause of abscess of the chest wall is a rare phenomenon. It can be easily missed during the initialexamination. Mortality still remains high despite the use of modern powerful antibiotics andadvances in the care of critically ill patients. The diseasemanifestation can range from a fulminant presentation to asubtle and insidious development...........

Keywords: 1) Chest wall abscess 2) Klebsiella Pneumoniae 3) Dental Abscess 4) DrainingNeck Sinus

[1]. Theodossis S PapavramidisEmail author, Vassilis N Papadopoulos, Antonis Michalopoulos, Daniel Paramythiotis, Stamatia Potsi, Georgia Raptou, Anna Kalogera-Foutzila and Nick Harlaftis : Journal of Medical Case Reports 2007 1:152
[2]. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Dec;14(4):239-41. doi: 10.1007/s10006-009-0199-8.
[3]. Anterior chest wall abscess--an unusual complication of an odontogenic infection.Yuvaraj V1, Krishnan B.
[4]. Annals of tropical medicine and public health
[5]. Year : 2012 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 2 | Page : 142-144

Abstract: Carotid artery stenosis accounts for approximately 10% of all ischemic strokes, causing significant morbidity and mortality.Carotid endarterectomy is a preventive surgery aimed at reducing the rate of stroke in patients at high risk of such an event.It is a procedure that is performed commonly for patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can be done under local or general anaesthesia. Local anaesthesia is being proven advantageous over general anaesthesia. However, general anaesthesia is still indicated in case of patient preference or in conditions when conversion from local anaesthesia becomes necessary. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of regional anaesthesia in case of surgery of carotid endarterectomy.

Keywords: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA), Local Anaesthesia (LA), General Anaesthesia (GA)

[1]. Hemming HC, Hopkins PM. Foundation of Anaesthesia: Basic Science for Clinical Practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Science; 2006. p. 249-50.
[2]. Aaslid R, Lindegaard KF, Sorteberg W, Nornes H. Cerebral Autoregulation Dynamics in Human. Stroke 1989;20:45-52.
[3]. Gurer O, Yapici F, Ozler A, Isik O. Comparison between local and general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: early and late results. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2012;46(2):131-8.
[4]. Barnett HJM, Taylor DW, Haynes RB, et al. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991;325(7):445-453.
[5]. Liu SS, Strodtbeck WM, Richman JM, Wu CL. A comparison of regional versus general anaesthesia for ambulatory anaesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomised control trials. Anesth Analg. 2005;101(6):1634-42.

Abstract: Background :Salivary Gland Swellings are one of the most common clinical conditions encountered by the general surgeon. There are various causes of salivary swellings and they arouse much interest and debate because of their remarkable variability in structure, clinical presentation and behavior. This study was done with a interest to know the incidence, clinical presentation of swellings of the salivary glands, management, complications and correlation of the FNAC with the histopathology.........

Keywords: Parotid gland; Submandibular gland; pleomorphic adenoma; superficial parotidectomy

[1]. Lustmann J et al. A survey on 245 patients and a review of the literature.Int J Oral MaxillotfalSurg 1990; 19: 135-138.
[2]. Leverstein H et al. Surgical management of 246 previously untreated pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland. Br J Surg 1997; 84(3): 399-403.
[1]. Spiro RH. Clinicopathologic study of 492 cases of parotid tumours. Cancer. 1973; 31: 117-129.
[2]. Khanzanchi RK et al. Tumours of parotid gland : A review of 88 patients and current methods of treatment. Ind J Cancer 1988; 25 (1): 1-6.
[3]. RenehanA et al. Long term follow up of over 1000 patients with salivary gland tumours treated in single centre. Br J Surg 1996; 83: 1750-1754.
[4]. Kanwar Deep Singh Nanda et al. FNAC: a reliable tool in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine January 2012; Vol. 41, Issue 1, Pages 106-112

Abstract: The signs and symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism are often not easily recognizable and newborns should be screened soon after birth for early detection. India accounts more than 40% of the global burden of low birth weight babies. Small-for-gestational-age are more prone for development of thyroid disorders which may affect neonatal adaptation and future health in infancy and adulthood. Preterm babies have immature hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axis , synthesis and metabolism with systemic disease and exposure to drugs which make them more susceptible..........

[1]. American Academy of Pediatrics. Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism: Recommended Guidelines. AAP Section on Endocrinology and Committee on Genetics, and American Thyroid Association Committee on Public Health. Available URL:http://www.medicalhomeinfo.org/downloads/pdfs/congenitalguide.pdf. Accessed on 17/6/16.
[2]. Lapillonne A, Peretti N, Ho PS, Claris O, Salle BL Aetiology, morphology and body composition of infants born small for gestational age. Acta Paediatr. 1997; 423: 173-176
[3]. Franco Bagnoli, Laura Farmeschi, Luana Peruzzi, Antonietta Musarò, "Altered thyroid function in small for gestational age newborns: study based on screening test for congenital hypothyroidism", Journal of Pediatric Sciences 2010;4:e55.
[4]. Arun Kumar Manglik, Nandita Chatterjee and Gautam Ghosh,"Umbilical Cord Blood TSH Levels in Term Neonates: A Screening Toolfor Congenital Hypothyroidism", Indian J. of Pediatrics, Vol .42, Oct 2005.
[5]. Stefano cianfarani, arianna maiorana, caterina geremia, giuseppe scire,et.al. " Blood Glucose Concentrations are Reduced in ChildrenBorn Small for Gestational Age (SGA), andThyroid–Stimulating Hormone Levels are Increased inSGA with Blunted Postnatal Catch-up Growth", The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88(6);June 2003:2699–2705.

Abstract: Considering the present scenario of excessive use of wide spectrum antibiotics and greater longevity of the immunocompromised patients, the incidence of fungal infection is on the rise. The commonest of all fungal infection is the Mucormycosis with as high as 75-80% mortality rate if left untreated. Mucormycosis frequently infects the paranasal sinuses, brain, or lungs. Apart from infection of the oral cavity or brain , this fungus can also infect other areas of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and other organ system. The maxilla may also be affected by mucormycosis in rare cases. The disease can be potentially life-threatening in diabetic or severely immunocompromised individuals..........

[1]. Dokmetas H S, Canbay E, Yilmaz Sarper et al : Diabetes Ketoacidosis and rhino orbital mucormycosis :Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 57 (2002) 139-142.
[2]. Tuba Turunc, Y. Ziya Dimiroglu, Hikmet Aliskan et al : Eleven Cases of mucormycosis with atypical clinical manifestations in diabetic patients : Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 82 (2008) 203-208.
[3]. Brain M. O'Neill, Anthony S. Alessi, Ela B. George, John Piro: Disseminated Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: A Case Report and Review of the literature : J. Oral Maxillofac Surg 64: 326-333, 2006.
[4]. Dong-Gun Lee, Jung-Hyun Choi et al : Two Cases of Disseminated mucormycosis in patients following allogenic bone marrow transplantations : J. Korean Med Sci 2002, 17: 403-406.
[5]. Taha Khattab, Ayad Atra et al: Mucormycosis in Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Report of 5 Cases : Cancer Therapy Vol 6, 71-76, 2008.

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the association between the hours of mobile phone use and, sleep pattern and quality. And to compare the sleep quality of first year MBBS and Nursing students. Background: Mobile phone use has become extensive in teenagers. It's excess use has amplified public and scientific debate about its possible adverse effects on human health. Prior research indicates that there might be a relationship between daytime sleepiness and excessive mobile phone use in teenagers............

Keywords: Mobile; Sleep; Medical; Psychological health

1]. Adams SK, Daly JK, Williford DN, et al. 2013. Adolescent Sleep and Cellular Phone Use: Recent Trends and Implications for Research. Health Services Insights.6: 99–103.
[2]. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, et al. 1989. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research. 28:193-213.
[3]. Gamble AL, D'Rozario AL, Bartlett DJ, et al. 2014. Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Night-Time Technology Use: Results of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Big Sleep Survey. PLoS ONE. 9(11).
[4]. Giri PA, Baviskar MP, Phalke DB. 2013. Study of Sleep Habits and Sleep Problems Among Medical Students of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences Loni, Western Maharashtra, India. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 3:51-4.
[5]. Gupta N, Garg S, Arora K. 2016. Pattern of mobile phone usage and its effects on psychological health, sleep, and academic performance in students of a medical university. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 6:132-139

Abstract: Apical periodontitis is an infectious disease, so the goal of endodontic treatment is to eradicate the occurring infection or prevent microorganisms from infecting or re-infecting the root canal or the periradicular tissues. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the background knowledge of internship students in Alfarabi dental college about the role of microorganisms in root canal infections ...........

Keywords: Infection; microbiology; bacteria; internship; antagonism

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[4]. Nair PNR. On the causes of persistent apical periodontitis: a review. Int End J,39, 2006,249–81.
[5]. Nair PNR, Henry S, Cano V, Vera J. Microbial status of apical root canal system of human mandibular first molars with primary apical periodontitis after 'one-visit' endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,99, 2005,231–52.

Abstract: As there is no study and data of the Sassouni's plus analysis available on the Maharashtrian subjects the study is undertaken to compare Sassouni's plus analysis in individuals with class I and class II div.1 malocclusion with control group of normal occlusion and to establish the norms for Maharashtrian population.

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