iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2018

Abstract: Acute pulmonary thromboembolism is one of the common causes of vascular death after myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident. It is one of the leading preventable causes of death in hospitalised patients. We present three rare cases –
1. Septic thromboembolism with factor V Leiden mutation
2. Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension with acute pulmonary thromboembolism
3. Pulmonary thromboembolism due to protein S deficiency
Early diagnosis of such rare diseases and prompt intervention led to successful outcome in all our cases..

KEYWORDS: Thromboembolism, pulmonary, rare causes

[1]. Corrigan D, Prucnal C, Kabrhel C. Pulmonary embolism: the diagnosis, risk-stratification, treatment and disposition of emergency department patients. ClinExpEmerg Med 2016;3(3):117-125.
[2]. S TakachLapner. Diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolism. BMJ 2013;346.
[3]. Kearon C. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. CMAJ 2003;168:183-94.
[4]. Heit JA, Sobell JL, Li H, Sommer SS. The incidence of venous thromboembolism among Factor V Leiden carriers: a community-based cohort study. J ThrombHaemost 2005;3:305-11
[5]. Eur Heart J. 2009 Oct;30(20):2493-537. N Galie et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension

Abstract: The sense of taste is among the regulatory mechanism for acceptance or rejection of foods. In oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients, impairment of taste sensation has not received much attention, owing to limited research work in the field. MATERIAL AND METHOD-This study was conducted to analyze the taste impairment in OSMF patients by using four basic tastes: Sweet, sour, salty and bitter, among a group of 30 subjects by using physiological taste stimuli tastants. In OSMF, significant taste alteration was found with sweet followed by salt, bitter and sour.

Keywords: Oral submucous fibrosis, Gustatory function, Dysgeusia, Taste buds.

[1]. Anand R and Pradhan R Surgical Management of Submucous Fibrosis Ind.J.Dent Res. 1994, 1(4), 3.
[2]. Prabhu SR. Textbook of oral medicine. New Delhi: Oxford 2004:156-64.
[3]. Raina C, Raizada RM, Chaturvedi VN, Harinath BC, Puttewar MP, Kennedy AK. Clinical profile and serum betacarotene levels in oral submucous fibrosis. Ind J Otolaryn. 2005; 57(3): 191-95.
[4]. Kiran KK, Saraswati TR, Ranganathan K, et al. Oral submucous fibrosis: A clinicohistopathological study in Chennai. Ind J Dent Res. 2007;18: 106-11.
[5]. Rajendran R. Oral submucous fibrosis: Etiology, pathogenesis and future research. Bull World Health Org. 1994; 72(6): 985-96..

Abstract: Objectives and Aim We performed a study on Seroprevalance, risk factors and HBV genotypes among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in India. Background: Globally, Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases. It is ranked by the WHO as one of the top ten killers. The virus is responsible for approximately 1.5 million deaths worldwide in each year, two thirds of which are attributable to primary Hepatocellular carcinoma following HBV infection. About 360 million people are estimated to be chronically infected with HBV. Method...........

[1]. Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and practice of infectious diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014 Aug 28.
[2]. Tille P. Bailey & Scott's diagnostic microbiology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013 Aug 13.
[3]. Kumar P, Clark ML. Kumar and Clark's clinical medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016 Jun 29.
[4]. Jazayeri SM, Alavian SM, Carman WF. Hepatitis B virus: origin and evolution. Journal of viral hepatitis. 2010 Apr 1;17(4):229-35.
[5]. K George Mathew and Praveen agarwal. Medicine Prep manual for undergraduates. 5th edition. Elseviers. 2015..

Abstract: BACKGROUND : To final out agreement of association between radiological parameters and pirani scoring in management of idiopathic clubfeet corrected by ponseti method. METHOD : 50 patients of CTEV fulfilling criteria, attending at sms hospital OPD, department of orthopaedics, from May 2017 to April 2018 will be included. All patients included in this study were thoroughly assessed clinically and radiologically. RESULT : The ponseti method of clubfoot correction has considerably decreased the need for surgery and its attending complication. The pirani score is useful to grade the initial extent of the deformity and to assess the progress of foot correction. CONCLUSION : Our study does not support routine use of radiograph during ponseti cast correction and during follow up. Better result on clinical examination, palpation, and use of radiograph only in unusual cases.

Keywords- Ponseti , Pirani score, CTEV.

[1]. Dobbs MB, Nunley R, Schoenecker PL. Long term follow-up of patients with clubfeet treated with extensive soft tissue release. JBJS 2006; 88 (A): 986-96.
[2]. Radler C, Manner HM, Suda R, Burghardt R, Herzenberg JE, Ganger R, Grill F. Radiographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet undergoning Ponseti 63. Chen RC, Gordon JE, Luhmann SJ, Schoenecker PL, Dobbs MB(2007) A new dynamic foot abduction orthosis for clubfoot treatment. J Pediatr Orthop 27:522–528 treatment. JBJS Am.2007 Jun: 89(6): 1177-83
[3]. Kessler JI (2008) A new flexible brace used in the Ponseti treatment of talipes equinovarus. J Pediatr Orthop B 17:247–250
[4]. Halanski MA, Huang JC, Walsh SJ, Crawford HA (2009) Resource utilization in clubfoot management. Clin Orthop Relat Res 467:1171–1179
[5]. Garg S, Porter K (2009) Improved bracing compliance in children with clubfeet using a dynamic orthosis. J Child Orthop 3:271–276.

Abstract: Background: HIV/AIDS is still a public health problems in India. Children contributes around 7% of the total infections which are mostly because of mother to child transmission. Awareness of the pregnant women is necessary to reduce this preventable transmission. Objective: The study was undertaken to find out the level of awareness about HIV & AIDS among mothers attending antenatal clinic in NRS Medical College and to determine factors related to awareness level of the mothers. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among antenatal mothers attending NRS Medical college and hospital from 1st January ,2018 to 31st March,2018 for the first time after taking informed verbal.............

Keywords- HIV/AIDS, awareness, antenatal mothers, mother to child transmission, HIV prevention

[1]. http://www.who.int/hiv/en
[2]. http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/mtct/en/
[3]. NACO Annual Report 2016-17.Available from http://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/NACO%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%202016-17.pdf (accessed on 09.12.2017.)
[4]. Gender Impact of HIV and AIDS in India. Basanta K. Pradhan ,Ramamani Sundar http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/gender.pdf. WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS. Towards Universal Access. Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector. Progress Report 2011. Geneva: WHO; 2011.
[5]. De Cock KM, Fowler MG, Mercier E, de Vincenzi I, Saba J, Hoff E, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-poor countries: Translating research into policy and practice. JAMA 2000;283:1175-82.

Abstract: Introduction: There is a doubt about the leakage after colorectal anastomosis despite various intestinal anastomotictechniques. More risk is noticed in distal rectal anastomosis after cancer surgery it poses more risk due to poor colonic vascularity and reduced remaining tissue to nourish the anastomotic site. In terms of sphincter saving, thereby improving quality of life these surgical staplers has provided some procedural advantages and sense of security to surgeons as well as to patients. However, efficacy over conventional hand-sewn technique is better observed based on the outcome measures of these devices because their cost play role in treatment plan. Our study results might help surgeons to counsel the patients regarding the feasibility in usage of stapler............

Keywords- Colorectal cancer, Hand-sewn, Stapled

[1]. From dinosaurs to DNA: a history of colorectal cancer-Hugh E. Mulcahy John Hyland Diarmuid P. O'DonoghueInt J Colorectal Dis (2003).
[2]. Indian council of medical research- consensus document for management of colorectal cancer.
[3]. From Ivanovich JL, Read TE, Ciske DJ, et al: A practical approach to familial and hereditary colorectal cancer. Am J Med107:68–77, 1999.
[4]. Colon and Rectum -Najjia N. Mahmoud, Joshua I.S. Bleier, Cary B. Aarons, E. Carter Paulson, SkandanShanmuganand Robert D. FrySabiston Textbook of Surgery, Chapter 51, 1312-1393
[5]. Mandel JS, Church TR, Bond JH, et al. The effect of fecal occult-blood screening on the incidence of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343:1603-1607..

Abstract: Background: Births by elective cesarean section (CS) have risen over the last decade worldwide, particularly before 39 weeks' gestation in mothers with previous cesarean deliveries, which may be associated with unacceptably high risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. So the optimal timing of these deliveries needs to be determined with recent recommendations to delay births by elective CS until 39 weeks. Aims: To evaluate the association between the gestational age (GA) at birth and neonatal outcomes after elective repeat CS between 37 and 40 completed weeks, so that timing of elective repeat cesarean section can be mapped out without compromising neonatal and maternal outcomes among the low and middle socio-economic mothers...............

Keywords- Previous cesarean delivery, elective repeat cesarean section, neonatal outcomes, respiratory complications.

[1]. Ramachandrappa A, Jain L. Elective cesarean section: its impact on neonatal respiratory outcome. Clin Perinatol 2008; 35: 373–393, vii.
[2]. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ et al. Births: final data for 2009. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2011; 60: 1–70.
[3]. Morrison JJ, Rennie JM, Milton PJ. Neonatal respiratory morbidity and mode of delivery at term: influence of timing of elective caesarean section. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:101-6.
[4]. Zanardo V, Simbi AK, Franzoi M, Soldà G, Salvadori A, Trevisanuto D. Neonatal respiratory morbidity risk and mode of delivery at term: influence of timing of elective caesarean delivery. Acta Paediatr 2004;93:643-7.
[5]. Richardson BS, Czikk MJ, daSilva O, Natale R. The impact of labor at term on measures of neonatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:219-26..

Abstract: Congenital heart disease (CHD) accounts for nearly one-third of all major congenital anomalies & also leading cause of childhood morbidity & mortality. We conducted a cross sectional study over a period of 6 months from March to August 2018 about the clinico-epidemiological & demographic profile of Congenital Heart Disease. We concluded that Females are more affected than males, VSD appears to be the most common CHD followed by ASD & PDA. A large proportion of the study population is under the age of 5 years. Also in PDA, Female to male ration is 3.8:1, higher than any other CHD subtype..

[1]. Prevalence and spectrum of congenital heart diseases in children, Khurshid Ahmed Wanni, Naveed Shahzad, Mohd Ashraf, Kaisar Ahmed, MuzaferJan,ShafaqatRasool, Heat India, Year : 2014, Volume : 2, Issue : 3, Page : 76-79

[2]. The incidence of congenital heart disease, Julien I.E Hoffman and Samuel Kaplan, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Volume 39, Issue 12, June 2002
[3]. Kapoor R, Gupta S. Prevalence of congenital heart disease, Kanpur, India. Indian Pediatrics 2008;45:309-11
[4]. Bhat NK, Dhar M, Kumar R, Patel A, Rawat A, Kalra BP. Prevalence and pattern of congenital heart disease in Uttarakhand, India. Indian J Pediatr 2013;80:281-5.
[5]. Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease in India. Bhardwaj R, Rai SK, Yadav AK1, Lakhotia S, Agrawal D, Kumar A, Mohapatra B, Congenit Heart Dis. 2015 Sep-Oct;10(5):437-46. doi: 10.1111/chd.12220, 2014, Sep 8.

Abstract: Biofilms are a group of organisms that attach to a surface in an exopolysacharide matrix and render them resistant to many group of antibiotics. Indwelling medical devices are often colonized by microorganisms and have a great potential towards biofilm formation.All the medical devices i.e. Intravenous catheters tips (I.V.C.), Endotracheal tubes(E.T.T.), Intercostal drain tubes(I.C.D.) and Nasogastric tubes (N.G.T. Tubes) were collected aseptically and sent to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. The devices were processed by standard microbiological procedures & their biofilm production was determined . In the 100 devices processed, 57% were culture positive. Staphylococcus..........

Keywords- Medical devices , colonization , Biofilm Production, Multidrug resistant Bacteria

[1]. Donlan RM, CostertonW.Biofilm: Survival mechanisms of clinically relevant Microrganisms. Clin Microbiology Rev 2002;15(2):167-93
[2]. Reid G. Biofilms in infectious diseases and on medical devices. Int.Journal AntimicAg 1999;223-26
[3]. Sangitha revdiwala , Bhaumesh M. Rajdev, SummaiyaMulla. Characterization of bacterial etiological agents of biofilm formation in medical devices in critical care setup; Critical care research and practice.2012 vol.2012.
[4]. Costerton J.W. , Stewart PS , Greensberg EP. Bacterial biofilms . A common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999;284:1318-22
[5]. Yalaz M, Altun-Köroğlu Ö, Ulusoy B, Yıldız B, Akisu M, VardarF, Özinel MA, Kültürsay N. Evaluation of device-associatedInfections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Turkish Journal ofPediatrics.2012;54:128-135.

Abstract: Wilms tumour is the most common renal tumor of childhood that typically affects children under the age of 6 years.It is the subject of intense academic interest due to its occurrence in paediatric age group with significant mortality which has been significantly reduced with relapse free survival rates due to collaborative protocols like SIOP(international society of paediatric oncology) and COG(children's oncology group).The study aimed to assess the various prognostic factors that determine the outcome of Wilms tumour,to analyze the prognostic value of histopathology and tumour staging in Wilms tumour and to identify the causes for early mortality. It is a retrospective and cross sectional study done in the Department of Paediatric surgery , Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore.........

Keywords- Wilms tumour,tumour grade,unfavourable histology.

[1]. Gommersall LM, Arya M, Mushtaq I, Duffy P. Current challenges in Wilms' tumor management. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005;2:298-304.
[2]. Sharpe CR, Franco EL. Etiology of Wilms' tumor. Epidemiol Rev 1995;17:415-32.
[3]. Breslow N, Olshan A, Beckwith JB, Green DM. Epidemiology of Wilms tumor. Med Pediatr Oncol 1993;21:172-81.
[4]. Tay JS. Molecular genetics of Wilms' tumour. J Paediatr Child Health 1995;31:379-83.
[5]. Slater RM, Mannens MM. Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of Wilms' tumor of childhood. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1992;61:111-21..

Abstract: BACKGROUND India is ranked third in the world with 2.1 million people living with HIV. The trend of infection especially in young people who have recently become sexually active, is a sensitive marker to track the course of the HIV epidemic. But, it is not possible to measure thr prevalence among all young people of an area.So, prevalence of young women can be an useful alternative. Hence, we conducted a study to find out the seroprevalence of HIV among pregnant women in Southern Odisha. METHODS Blood samples from pregnant ladies attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital were collected after informed consent and pretest........

[1]. HIV and AIDS in India| Avert http://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/Asia-Pacific/india Accessed on 27-2-2018.
[2]. National AIDS Control Organisation(NACO), Government of India Annual Report 2016-2017 http://www.nacoonline.org Accessed on 27-2-2018.

[3]. Saggurthi, N., Mahapatra, B., Swain, S. N., Battala, M., Chawla, U.&Narang, A.2011. Migration and HIV in India: Study of select districts.New Delhi: UNDP, NACO, and Population Council.[GOOGLE SCHOLAR]
[4]. .Baveja UK. HIV Testing Manual, Laboratory diagnosis, Biosafety and Quality Control.National AIDS Control Organisation: New Delhi; HIV Antibody Testing with special reference to HIV-1:45-67.
[5]. Gupta S, Gupta R, Singh S. Seroprevalence of HIV in pregnant women in North India: a tertiary care hospital based study. BMC Infect Dis.2007;7:133.

Abstract:Background : Acute pancreatitis is one of the most important cause of abdominal pain. Its incidence varies from 5 to 80 per 100,000 population. Chronic alcoholism is the foremost cause of acute pancreatitis in men while biliary tract pathology is the commonest etiology in women. Various epidemiological studies have concluded that most cases of acute pancreatitis are attributable to chronic alcoholism. Aim :1.To study the clinical presentation of acute pancreatitis with respect to age, sex and mode of presentation. 2.To study the risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis. 3.To study the effectiveness of various treatment modalities for acute pancreatitis...........

Keywords- Acute pancreatitis, alcoholism, gall stones

[1]. Wilson C, Imrie CW. Changing patterns of incidence and mortality from acute pancreatitis in Scotland, 1961-1985. BrJtSurg 1990; 77: 731-4.
[2]. Fan ST, Choi TK, Lai CS, Wong J. Influence0 of age on the mortality from acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1988; 75: 463-6.
[3]. Lankish P., Burchard0, Pflithofer D., Lehnick D., - acute pancreatitis : which patient is more at risk ? pancreas 1999b : 19 : 321-324. Widdison AL, Karanjia ND. Pancreatic infection0 complicating acute pancreatitis. BrJ Surg 1993; 80: 148-54.
[4]. Femandez-del Castillo C, Rattner DW, Warshaw AL. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet 1993; 342: 475-9.
[5]. Beger HG, Bittner R, Block S, Buchler M. Bacterial contamination of pancreatic necrosis. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 433-8.

Abstract: Assessment of kidney morphological changes following lithotripsy by ultrasound in Sudanese populationusing a color Duplex ultrasound machine capable of B-mode imaging,pulsed wave, Duplex scanning and Doppler flow imaging, and this study consists of 100 patients with kidney lithotripsy and refers for ultrasound before and after lithotripsy procedures. Were the results show that the correlate between age group with cortical thickness were the patients with thin cortical thickness was lower than normal cortical thickness with rate 23:58. And the patients with age group 31-40 years was more frequently with 26 patients for both normal and thick cortical thickness and the age group 61-70 years was lower frequently with 10 patients............

Keywords- morphological changes, lithotripsy, ultrasound

[1]. Wein A.J, Kavoussi L.R, Novick AC, Partin A.W, Peters C.A. 2015. Campbell-Walsh Urology. Vol I. 9th Ed. Pages: 30-31.
[2]. Mitterberger M, Horninger W, Aigner F, Pinggera GM, Steppan I, Rehder P, Frauscher F. Ultrasound of the prostate. Cancer Imaging. 2011;10(1):40.
[3]. Jandaghi AB, Falahatkar S, Alizadeh A, Kanafi AR, Pourghorban R, Shekarchi B, Zirak AK, Esmaeili S. Assessment of ureterovesical jet dynamics in obstructed ureter by urinary stone with color Do p p l e r a n d d u p l e x Do p p l e r e x a mi n a t i o n s . Urolithiasis. 2013 Apr 1;41(2):159-63.
[4]. C.Chaussy,E.Schmiedt,andJ.Schuller,―Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treatment of urolithiasis,‖ Urology, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 59–66, 1984.
[5]. I. F. Ghalayini, M. A. Al-Ghazo, and Y. S. Khader, ―Evaluation of emergency extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for obstructing ureteral stones,‖ International Braz J Urol, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 433–440, 2008..