iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2018

Abstract: Introduction:- FNAC procedure looks very easy parse, but it is highly tactic & require special training. Object:- The study is done to evaluate the efficacy of FNAC done by other specialist vs near patient FNAC & ROSE(rapid on side evaluation). Material &Method:- All the FNAC done by cytopathologist& those done outside & received for reporting were evaluated for efficacy & material adequacy. Result:-Near patient FNAC & ROSE have sensitivity & specificity over 95% as compared to on the sample received from the specialist were below 30%.

Keywords:Near patient FNAC, ROSE, Reporting cytopathologist, other specialists.

[1]. Inadequate fine needle aspiration biopsy samples: Pathologists versus other specialistsGS Gomez-Macías, R Garza-Guajardo, J Segura-Luna, O Barboza-QuintanaCytojournal. 2009; 6: 9. Published online 2009 Jun 18. doi: 10.4103/1742-6413.52831PMCID: PMC2710760
[2]. Al-Marzooq YM, Chopra R, Al-Bahrani AT, Younis M, Al-Mulhim AS, Al-Mommatten MI. Comparison of specimen adequacy in fine-needle aspiration biopsies performed by surgeons and pathologists. Ann Saudi Med. 2004;24:124–6. [PubMed]

[3]. Ljung BM, Drejet A, Chiampi N, Jeffrey J, Goodson WH, 3rd, Chew K, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy is determined by physician training in sampling technique. Cancer. 2001;93:263–8. [PubMed]
[4]. Steel BL, Schwartz MR, Ramzy I. Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in 1,103 patients: Role, limitations and analysis of diagnostic pitfalls. Acta Cytol. 1995;39:76–81. [PubMed]
[5]. Gu Wx, Tan CS, Ho TW. Surgeon – Performed Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (SP-US-FNAC) Shortens Time for Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2014 Jun;43(6):320-4..

Abstract: Background: Blood transfusion during surgery, in pregnancy related complication and in accident victim is a life saving measure. Adequate and reliable supply of blood can be ensured by establishing a strong base of voluntary unpaid young donors who can donate blood on repeated occasion Present study was done to ascertain the knowledge and practice of the students in a medical college of Kolkata. Method: Data were collected by administering a structured questionnaire among students of the medical college. Results More students (79.25%) knew the Minimum age for blood donation compared to maximum age (30.37%).About three fourth (72.59%) students had knowledge for minimum hemoglobin level for blood donation, but only one third students knew the minimum weight........

Keywords: Blood donation, medical student, knowledge, practice

[1]. WHO. Blood safety and availability, Available from: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability, last accessed on 02.09.2018
[2]. WHO. Screening donated blood for transfusion-transmissible infections: recommendations.Geneva,Swizerland.WHO.2009
[3]. WHO. Global database on blood safety. Available from: GDBS_Summary_Report_2011 httpwww.who.intbloodsafetyglobal_databaseGDBS_Summary_Report_2011.pdfua=1.last accessed on 05.9.2018
[4]. NACO. Assessment of Blood Banks 2016. Ministry of Health and family welfare. Available from: http://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/Assessment%20of%20Blood%20Banks%20in%20India%20-%202016.pdf. accessed on 05.9.2018
[5]. National blood transfusion council Homepage. Available from: http://naco.gov.in/national-blood-transfusion-council-nbtc-0. last accessed on 05.9.2018.

Abstract: The principal Gonadotropin hormones in humans are the Luteinizing hormone (LH) and the Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH). They are crucial in regulating the function of the ovaries in women. Estradiol (E2), the primary female sex hormone is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. In menopausal women, there is loss of ovarian function, leading to an increased secretion of FSH and LH and decreased secretion of E2 with aging. This study was designed to determine the relationship between the secretions of these hormones (FSH/LH/E2) in the Ijaw ethnic group menopausal women of Niger Delta Region of Nigeria with respect to age. A total of six hundred and ninety subjects, divided into four groups of 40-49 (pre menopause), 50-59 (menopause..........

Key Words: Estradiol, Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Menopause, Gonadotropin, Ovaries, Menstrual cycle..

[1]. World Health Organization. Research on the menopause in the 1990s (Report of a WHO scientific group, WHO Technical report series, and 886). Geneva: 1996
[2]. Sherman BH and Korenman SG. The menopausal transition: analysis of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone concentrations during menstrual cycles of older women. Journal of clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1976; 4: 629-636.
[3]. The North American Menopause Society. Menopause Guidebook. Cleveland, OH: North American Menopause Society. 2003: Pg. 9
[4]. Aiello EJ, Yasui Y, Tworoger SS et al. Effect of a year long, moderate intensity exercise intervention on the occurrence and severity of menopause symptoms in post menopausal women. Menopausal 2004; 11: 382 – 388.
[5]. Lobo RA. Menopause and Aging. In Yen and Jaffe's reproductive endocrinology: Physiology Pathophysiology, and clinical management 5th ed /edited by] Jerome F. Strauss 111. Robert L. Barburi edition S.S.C.R.e. Philadelphia, Elsevier saudas 2004; Ch.14

Abstract: Context:Women with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB) had compromised quality life expresses burden socioeconomically, emotionally. Delay in pursuing medical help leads to development of simple hyperplasia to complex carcinoma.Early detection, treatment of hyperplasias prevents progression to malignancy. This study wastaken for early detection of hyperplasia with the help of endometrial thickness(ET) throughultrasound (U/S) Aim: To study clinical presentation, ultrasound ET measurementand correlate histopathological endometrial hyperplasias inAUB. Materials and methods: Prospective study -170 patients with AUB inGovernment maternity hospital, Tirupati Statistical analysis: M. S. Excel, SPSS..........

Keywords- Endometrial thickness, endometrial hyperplasia, histopathology.

[1]. Dewhurst J. Keith ED.Dewhurst‟s textbook of Obstretrics and gynecology for postgraduates, Menstrual problems.8th ed. Andrew W.Horne,HilaryO.D.Critchley.Wiley-Blackwell; 2012; p.534-9.
[2]. Berek SJ, Berek LD, Berek& Novak‟s Gynaecology, Reproductive Physiology 15th edition. Wolter Kluwer (India), New Delhi.2012;p.138-57.
[3]. Jeffcoate N. Malhotra N, Kumar P, Malhotra P, Malhotra N, Mittal P. Jeffcoate‟s principles of gynaecology. Abnormal and Excessive Uterine Bleeding.8thedition.Jaypee brothers Medical Publishers. 2014; p.561-70.
[4]. Munro MG, Critchley HOD, Fraser IS, FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders.FIGO classification system (PALM-COIEN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in non gravid women of reproductive age. Int J GynaecolObstet 2011; 113(1):3-13.
[5]. Fraser IS, Critchley HO and Munro MG et al. A process designed to lead to international agreement on terminologies and definitions used to describe abnormalities of menstrual bleeding. FertilSteril. 2007; 87: 466-76..

Abstract: Background : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Bronchial Asthma are the major causes of pulmonary disability. Both are chronic inflammatory lung diseases characterized by airway obstruction. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is the fourth leading cause of death in the world, represents an important public health challenge that is both preventable and treatable. COPD is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Asthma is a common, chronic respiratory disease affecting 1–18% of the population in different countries. Asthma is characterized by variable symptoms and expiratory airflow limitation. COPD and Bronchial asthma are diagnosed based on clinical criteria and spirometry. Dyspnea is one of the major symptoms that impact the quality of life. FEV1 is an objective index and the level of dyspnea is a subjective........

Key words: copd,asthma, dyspnea, spirometry, FEV1

[1]. Barnes PJ. Mechanisms and resistance in glucocorticoid control of inflammation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010;120:76–85.
[2]. Kim, So Ri, and Yang Keun Rhee. "Overlap Between Asthma and COPD: Where the Two Diseases Converge." Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research2.4 (2010): 209–214
[3]. World Health Report. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/statistics.htm; 2000.
[4]. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e442.
[5]. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD (updated 2015). www.goldcopd.org. Chapter 1Definition and overview 2015; p 1- 7.

Abstract: Background: Study of Silver-binding nucleolar organizing regions (AgNORs) in 100 cases of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of upper Aero-digestive tract was carried out with an aim of correlating AgNOR positivity with histological grade of tumour and evaluating value of AgNOR staining in predicting the progress of disease. Method: Tissue sections of the cases were stained with 50 percent silver nitrate solution for AgNOR evaluation and the data analysed. All the sections were also stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain for tumour typing and grading. Result: In this study, the mean AgNOR (mAgNOR) score of normal squamous epithelium (100 cases) was 1.56 (range1.00-2.80),..........

Key words: AgNOR, Theraputic, Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

[1]. Bien´kiewicz A, Gottwald L, Suzin J: Final staging of ovarian cancer classified during surgery as stage I (FIGO). Int J Gynecol Obstet 2000, Suppl, P3.16.15.
[2]. Pich A, Chiusa L, Navone R. Prognostic relevance of cell proliferation in head and neck tumours. Ann Onc 2004; 15(9): 1319-29.
[3]. Hirsch SM, DuCanto J, Caldarelli DD, Hutchinson JC, Coon JS. Nucleolar Organiser Regions in Squamous cell Carcinoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 1992; 102: 39-44
[4]. Xin Xie, Clausen OPF, Sudbo J, Boysen M. Diagnostic and Prognostic value of Nucleolar Organiser Regions in Normal Epithelium, Dysplasia, and Squamous cell Carcinoma of the oral cavity. Cancer 1997; 79:2200-8
[5]. Jones AS, Roland NJ, Caslin AW, Cooke TG, Cooke LD, Foster G. A comparison of cellular proliferation markers in squamous cell Carcinoma of head and neck. J Laryngol Otol 1994; 108:

Abstract: Background: Cancer patients rely almost always on family, friends and significant others in their journey of dealing with their illness. Caregiver, especially spouse, often symbolically share in illness and present the struggle with cancer as a joint one. Given the magnitude of services provided and the sacrifices made by family caregivers, adverse consequences of caregiving have emerge as a serious public health concern. Objectives :The present study aimed at assessing the quality of life in the spouse of patients with cancer.The present study also aimed to assess the relationship between sociodemographic variables and quality of life (Qol) and to compare Qol between the spouses...........

Key words: cancer, caregivers, spouses, quality of life.

[1]. Hagedoorn M, Buunk BP, Kuijer RG, Wobbes T, Sanderman R. Couples dealing with cancer: role and gender differences regarding psychological distress and quality of life. Psycho‐Oncology: Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer. 2000 May;9(3):232-42.

[2]. Grov EK, Dahl AA, Moum T, Fosså SD. Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in caregivers of patients with cancer in late palliative phase. Annals of oncology. 2005 Apr 22;16(7):1185-91.

[3]. Thomas C, Morris SM, Harman JC. Companions through cancer:: the care given by informal carers in cancer contexts. Social science & medicine. 2002 Feb 1;54(4):529-44

[4]. Yao G, Chung CW, Yu CF, Wang JD. Development and verification of validity and reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2002 May 1;101(5):342-51.

[5]. Mikulincer M, Rydall A, WaBraun MA. Hidden morbidity in cancer: spouse caregivers. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(30):4829-34....

Abstract: Background and Objective: Dermatoglyphics are the dermal ridge configuration on the digits, palms and soles. They are genetically determined and influenced by environmental forces that are operating before birth. Several studies have shown association between dermatoglyphics and different types of cancer. Hence this study was undertaken to determine whether specific dermatoglyphic patterns exists which help in predicting the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia. Materials and Methods: Finger and palm prints were collected using Ink method from 15 subjects with OSCC, 15 subjects with oral leukoplakia and 15 healthy.........

[1]. Cummins H. Epidermal-ridge configurations in developmental defects, with particular reference to the ontogenetic factors which condition ridge direction. Am J Anat. 1926; 38:89-151.
[2]. Cloos J, Spitz MR, Schantz SP, Hsu TC, Zhang ZF, Tobi H, et al. Genetic susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996; 88: 530-5.
[3]. Galton F. Finger prints. London: McMillan; 1982.
[4]. Henry ER. Classification and uses of finger prints. 8th ed. London: H. M. Stationary Office; 1937.
[5]. Whitelaw WA. The proceedings of the 11th annual history of medicine days. Available from: http://www.hom.ucalgary.ca/dayspapers2002. pdf

Abstract: extradural haematoma means blood collects between dura and skull due to arterial disruption especially of the middle meningeal artery. EDH is generally managed by open craniotomy for evacuation of the clot , if size of clot volume <30 cm3, score>8. then patient can be managed conservatively1......

[1]. Bullock MR, chesnut R , Ghajar J; et al : Surgical management of acute epidural hematomas. Neurosurgery 58:57, 2006.
[2]. PranshuBharghav , Katuri medical college and Hospital – International Journal of Neurology_ 11 Nov. 2009.
[3]. AmitAgarwal ,Anand Kumar , Nigerian Journal of orthopaedic and trauma. Dec 2007.
[4]. Surgical outcome of EDH in patients at the Dept, of Neurosurgery in chittagang medical college , hospital study on 30 patients –Harden R. Debnath, Harun R R ashid..

Abstract: Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is defined as the fracture in which the main plane of bony separation passes the tip of the greater trochanter obliquely downwards and inwards to or through the lesser trochanter. Interchanteric fractures occur in the area just distal to the capsule of the hip joint, and above the area of isthmus of the medullary canal. Dynamic Hip Screw is the gold standard in the management of intertrochanteric fractures. Aim: To investigate the reliability of lateral femoral will thickness as a measure to predict postoperative lateral femoral will fractures in AO31A1 and AO31A2 intertrochanteric fractures treated with Dynamic Hip Screw. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. Data was collected for a period of 2 years. Intertrochanteric fractures AO31A1 and AO31A2...........

Keywords: Intertrochanteric fractures, lateral femoral wall thickness, DHS, prognosis

[1]. Kulkarni G S, Limaye R, Kulkarni M, et al. Intertrochanteric fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2006; 40:16-23
[2]. V Bagarria, F Wadia. Complications related to Intertrochanteric fractures. Trauma International. 2015; 1(1): 25-30
[3]. A C Dhamangaonkar. Letters to the editor Dynamic hip screw blade fixation for intertrochanteric hip fractures. J Orthop Surg. 2013;21(1):132-4
[4]. T R Ashok, G G Ram, B Thamodharan, et al. Survival of Dynamic Hip Screw in Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS). 2013;9(6):13-16

[5]. Hsu CE, Shih CM, Wang CC, et al. Lateral femoral wall thickness. A reliable predictor of post-operative lateral wall fracture in intertrochanteric fractures. Bone Joint J. 2013; 95(8):1134-8.

Abstract: Aim: To estimate the prevalence of cancer burden in an urban cancer centre in Western Odisha. Material And Methods: This retrospective analysis was done in Radiotherapy Department of Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMSAR), Burla of Sambalpur district, Odisha, India for a three year period from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2017. Total number of cases existing during this period was 3181. Results: Cancer prevalence in our three year period study was 1017, 1066 and 1098 respectively during the 1st,
2nd and the 3rd year. Females were more affected in malignancies with 69.54% than males with 30.46%. The mean age of prevalence in our study period was 50.8 years. The most affected age group was 41-50 with 29.86%. Cervical cancer with 25.34% was the most common cancer followed by Carcinoma Breast with 23.51%..........

Keywords:Cancer, Prevalence, Western Odisha.

[1]. WHO. World Cancer Report. International Agency Res Cancer; 2008.
[2]. Globocan W. Cancer Factsheet. International Agency Res Cancer; 2012.
[3]. Dikshitetal,Million Death Study Collaborators.Lancet. 2012 May 12; 379(9828):1807-16.
[4]. Wani, K. and C.K.K. Nair.Genetic alterations in cervical cancer. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2003;41: 789-96
[5]. Murthy, N.S. and A. Mathew, 2000. Cancer epidemiology prevention and control.86: 518-527..

Abstract: Several investigators have evaluated clinically a variety of commercially available blood culture media. No agreement has been reached as to which of these media is optimal for detection of bacteremia. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of recovery of microorganisms from various blood culture media. A total of 20 blood culture media were inoculated with 7 to 15 microorganisms per bottle in the presence or absence of an erythrocyte-serum mixture. The results demonstrated that blood culture media differed in their ability to support the growth of microorganisms. At 4 days after inoculation, only 10 of the 20 blood culture media supported the growth of 91% (10 of the 11) or more of the test microorganisms. The recovery rate of microorganisms depended not only upon the...........

[1]. Coetzee, E. F. C., and R. S. A. Johnson. 1974. An improved blood culture medium. Med. Lab. Technol. 31:299-303.
[2]. Conner, V., and O. T. Mallery, Jr. 1951. Blood culture: a clinical laboratory study of two methods. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 21:785-788.
[3]. Dalton, H. P., R. Krammer, M. R. Escobar, and M. J. Allison. 1974. Comparison of two blood culture systems. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 61:856-858.
[4]. Finegold, S. M., M. L. White, I. Ziment, and W. R. Winn. 1969. Rapid diagnosis of bacteremia. Apple. Microbiol. 18:458-463.
[5]. Gantz, N. M., J. L Swain, and A. A. Mediros. 1975. Vacuum blood culture bottles: inhibiting growth of Candida and favoring growth of Bacteroides. Lancet ii:1174-1176...

Abstract: Rape- a form of sexual violence is an important clinical and public health problem worldwide. It is associated with physical, psychological and social consequences that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. However, data on rape is scanty especially in developing Countries like Nigeria where it is underreported. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of rape among females ≤ 24years managed in Central Hospital, Benin City, South-South Nigeria. We conducted a case control study using researcher administered questionnaire. Mean age was 13.73 (±6.46) years, 60.2% of victims resided in tenement houses. 71.8% occurred..............

Keywords: Prevalence, pattern, rape, children, young person, CHB.

[1]. World Health Organisation/South African Medical Research Council. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva, WHO. 2013 [cited 07/204]. Available from: http://www.who.int.
[2]. World Health Organisation. Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB, Lozano R; eds. World report on violence and health. Geneva, WHO. 2002 [cited 02/2013; updated 16/08/2014]. Available from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/ world report/en/.
[3]. The Criminal Code Laws of the Federation of Nigeria. Assaults on Females: Abduction, rape. 1990; CAP.77. Sections 218-221, 357-359: 3244-3249
[4]. Busari AO. Study of Youths in Urban Cities Exposure to Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The Social Sciences. 2010: 5(2); 76 – 81.
[5]. World Health Organisation. Guidelines for medico-legal care for victims of sexual violence. Geneva. WHO. 2003 [cited 2014 August 21]. Available from; http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications..

Abstract: Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common laparoscopic surgery performed in the world1. The traditional treatment (initial) of acute calculus cholecystitis includes bowel rest, intravenous hydration, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, analgesia, and intravenous antibiotics. Following this treatment, patients with uncomplicated disease are managed on outpatient basis and are called for laparoscopic cholecystectomy after a period of 6–8 weeks. Materials and methods: Between January 2017 and December 2017, 40 patients with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 72 h of admission. This study group was compared with a control group of 40...............

Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, early laparoscopic surgery, delayed laparoscopic surgery

[1]. Jarrar MS, Chouchène I, Fadhl H, Ghrissi R, Elghali A, Ferhi F, et al. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for lithiasic acute cholecystitis during emergency admissions. results of a monocentric experience and review of the literature. Tunis Med. 2016;94:519-24.

[2]. Uysal E, Turel KS, Sipahi M, Isik O, Yilmaz N, Yilmaz FA. Comparison of early and interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of acute cholecystitis. Which is better? A multicentered study. Surgical Laparoscopy Endoscopy Percutaneous Techniques. 2016;26:e117-21.

[3]. Chang TC, Lin MT, Wu MH, Wang MY, Lee PH. Evaluation of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 2009;56:26-8.

[4]. Zhou MW, Gu XD, Xiang JB, Chen ZY. Comparison of clinical safety and outcomes of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a meta-analysis. Sci World J. 2014;14:2014.

[5]. Rouf Gul RA, Sheikh RA, Salroo NA, Matoo AR, Wani SH. Comparison of early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: experience from a single center. North Am J Med Sci. 2013;5:414.

Abstract: Introduction: Duodenal perforation is a most commonly encountered surgical emergency. Usually seen secondary to duodenal ulcer it causes leak of bile juice acid peptic juice and pancreatic juice into the general peritoneal cavity which causes peritoneal irritation followed by increased peritoneal fluid secretion which leads to easy invasion by bacteria leading to peritonitis within 12 hours of perforation1. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who were diagnosed, managed and operated for perforated peptic ulcer at Saptagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Hesarghatta main road, Chikkasandra, Bangalore, India from January 2017 to December 2017. Data of 300 patients were collected from case records.......

Key words: peptic ulcer, Duodenal perforation, NSAIDS, Helicobacter pylori

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[4]. Nuhu A, Madziga AG, Gali BM: Acute perforated duodenal ulcer in Maiduguri. Internet J Surg. 2009;21:1.
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