iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2018

Abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common laparoscopic operation done in our setup. Use of Iso Amyl 2-CyanoAcrylate bio adhesive for port site closure of skin resulted in statistically significant (p<0.001) reduction of post operative port site pain. The advantages of pain, better scar and psychological impact outweigh the disadvantage of more time taken for the new procedure (5 minutes) than the classical suture method.

..................

Abstract: Uterusisachild bearing organinfemales, whichprotectsand providesnutritiontoa fertilized ovum enablingittogrowintoafullyformedfetus. The uterus is pyriform in shape and is made up of three layers: - 1. Perimetrium— it is the outermost layer made up of peritoneum 2. Myometrium— Main thickness of uterine wall is made up of smooth muscle. This is the myometrium. 3. Endometrium— the innermost layer (corresponding tomucousmembrane)ofuterusiscalledtheendometrium.Itisthislayer which undergoes changes during menstrualcycle...........

Keywords: Oral submucous fibrosis, Gustatory function, Dysgeusia, Taste buds.

[1]. Mehrotra VG, Mukherjee K. Pandey M functional Uterine Bleeding– (A review of 150 cases) J. Obstet&Gyenecol India 1972;22:684-689.
[2]. Kanakadurgamba K, Srinivasa Rao K. A clinical and histopathological review of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, one hundred and fifty cases. J Obstet&Gyenecol, India 1964;14(2):380-386.
[3]. Wagh KV and Swamy V. Functional Uterine Haemorrhage. J Obstet&Gynecol, India, 1964;14:87-392.
[4]. Dawn CS. Environment Dysfunctional Uterine Hemorrhage. J Obstet&Gyenecol, India, 1964;14(2):408-412.
[5]. Sutherland AM. Recent advances in J Obstet& Gynecology, 1962:365-381...

Abstract: Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CVD is manifested in the form of coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction and stroke. A number of host factors have been associated with risk of CVD including hypertension, smoking, high blood cholesterol, diabetes etc. High blood cholesterol level is considered as one of the major determinants to assess the risk of CVD . The aim of the present study was to analysed lipid profile , to present the recent informations on the usage of non‐HDL‐C in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and to compare its diagnostic value to traditional and new CVD risk factors............

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, lipid profile, non HDL-cholesterol

[1]. Pischon T, Girman CJ, Sacks FM, Rifai N, et al. Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease in Men. Circulation 2005;112:3375-83.
[2]. Van Staa T-P, Gulliford M, Ng ES-W, Goldacre B, Smeeth L. Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk Using Framingham, ASSIGN and QRISK2: How Well Do They Predict Individual Rather than Population Risk? PLoS ONE 2014;9(10): e106455. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106455.
[3]. Boyle JJ. Macrophage activation in atherosclerosis: pathogenesis and pharmacology of plaque rupture. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2005;3:63‐68.
[4]. National Cholesterol Education Program, Second report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). Circulation 1994;891329:1445.
[5]. Graham I, Atar D, Borch‐Johnsen K et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: full text. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007;14(2):1‐113.

Abstract: SubconjunctivalHaemorrhage is a benign disorder that is a common cause of acute ocular redness. The major risk factors include trauma and contact lens usage in younger patients, whereas among the elderly, systemic vascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and arteriosclerosis are more common. In patients in whom subconjunctival hemorrhage is recurrent or persistent, further evaluation, including workup for systemic hypertension, bleeding disorders, systemic and ocular malignancies, and drug side effects, is warranted.This Observational non interventional study to know the etiologies, risk factors, demography and associated features of SubconjunctivalHaemorhage was carried out in Department of Ophthalmology, Maharani LaxmiBai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India over...........

Keywords- SubconjunctivalHaemorrhage, systemic vascular diseases, blooddyscrasias.

[1]. Fukuyama J, Hayasaka S, Yamada K, Setogawa T. Causes of subconjunctivalhemorrhage.Ophthalmologica. 1990;200:63–67. [PubMed]

[2]. Pitts JF, Jardine AG, Murray SB, Barker NH. Spontaneous subconjunctivalhaemorrhage– a sign of Hypertension? Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;76(5):297–299. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

[3]. Wilson RJ. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: overview and management. J Am Optom Assoc. 1986;57(3):376–380. [PubMed]

[4]. Mimura T, Yamagami S, Funatsu H, Usui T, Ono K, Araie M, et al. Management of subconjunctivalhaematoma by tissue plasminogen activator. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2005;33:541–542. [PubMed]

[5]. Mimura T, Usui T, Yamagami S, Funatsu H, Noma H, Honda N, et al. Recent causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ophthalmologica. 2010;224 [PubMed].

Abstract: Peritonitis presents most commonly due to localized or generalized infection caused from various factors. Despite advances in diagnosis, management and critical care of patients for patients with peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation, yet there is lacunae in prognosis of the patient with peritonitis. Early assessment by scoring systems will influence the management and prognosis. A Prospective study was conducted on 62 patients admitted and operated for peritonitis in Maharajah's Medical College Hospital. A structured scoring system i.e. Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) was administered along with other clinical and biochemical parameters recorded in pre-structured proforma. Data was analyzed for predicting mortality and morbidity using EPI info and SPSS software.The overall mortality and morbidity was 14% and 38% respectively. MPI scores of ≤ 20, 21..........

Keywords- peritonitis, mortality, scoring

[1]. CourtenyM.Townsend, Jr. R. Daniel Beauchamp, B. Mark Evers, Kenneth L.Mattox SABISTON TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY 20th edition ,Volume II,page no:1077
[2]. Bohnen J, Boulanger M, Meakins JL, Mclean APH.Prognosis in generalized peritonitis: relation to cause and risk factors. Arch Surg. 1983:118:285-90.
[3]. Giessling U, Petersen S, Freitag M, KleineKraneburg H, Ludwig K. Surgical management of severe peritonitis. Zentralbl Chir.2002:127:594-97.
[4]. Farthmann EH, Schoffel U. Principles and limitations of operative management of intraabdominal infections. World J Surg. 1990:14:210-17.
[5]. Bion J. Outcome in Intensive care. BMJ. 1993:307:953-54

Abstract: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a very helpful and relatively non invasive techniques in the diagnosis of various thyroid lesions. The main aim of thyroid FNAC is to distinguish benign from malignant lesion and to determine the cases that require surgery. We did a retrospective study from October 2017 to september 2018 on patients who came for FNA of thyroid lesion in pathology department of RIMS, Ranchi. FNA cytology was done, smear were made and stained using Leishman/Giemsa and Haematoxylin/Eosin stain and they were examined under microscope for cytological diagnosis. Results: Among 452 cases, 400 were females and 52 were males. 403 were benign lesion whereas 49 were cases of malignancy. The most common age...........

Keywords- Thyroid,papillary,cytology,colloid etc

[1]. Jogai S, Jassar A, Adisena A, et al. Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions.Acta Cytol.2005;49(5):483-8.
[2]. Martin HE, Ellis EB.Biopsy by needle puncture and aspiration. Ann Surg.1930;92(2):169-81.
[3]. Layfield LJ, Cibas ES, Gharib H,Mandel SJ. Thyroid aspiration cytology:current status. CA Cancer J Clin2009;59:99–110.
[4]. http: // www.ias.ac.in/currsci/oct252000/n%OK ochupillai.PDF
[5]. Unnikrishnan, Ambika Gopalakrishnan,Menon Usha V. Indian J Endocrine Metab.2011 Jul;15(suppl 2):578-581...

Abstract: AIMS & OBJECTIVE: To assess the 1st trimester cervical length by Transvaginal USG as a predictor for spontaneous preterm birth. MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted from July 2012 to December 2012 in the antenatal clinic at PSGIMSR Hospitals. About 100 antenatal women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study, the first trimester transvaginal ultrasonography was taken. These patients were followed up to determine gestational age at delivery. RESULTS: The data was entered into MS-Excel sheet and statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. All reported p-values are two-tailed, and confidence intervals were calculated at the 95% level. The data was presented using frequencies, percentages, descriptive statistics followed by charts, histogram and graphs. CONCLUSION: Cervical length by first trimester transvaginal ultrasonography is not a predictor for spontaneous preterm birth..

Keywords- first trimester ultrasound, cervical length, preterm birth

[1]. International classification of diseases and related health problems.10th revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992
[2]. Government Statistical Service for the department of Health. NHS Maternity Statistics. England. 2002-2003
[3]. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ, Menacker F, Kirmeyer S, Munson ML; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System. Births: final data for 2005. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2007 Dec 5;56(6):1-103 http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_06.pdf
[4]. Haas DM. Preterm birth.ClinEvid (Online). 2008 Jun 2;2008. pii: 1404
[5]. Creasy RK. Preterm birth prevention: where are we? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Apr;168(4):1223-30

Abstract: We report a case of 9 month old girl with Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) with blaschkoid melanosis, which is characterised by hypotonia, pigmentary skin anomalies, craniofacial dysmorphism. PKS is caused by extra isochromosome 12p.

Keywords: Blaschkoid melanosis, Pallister-Killian syndrome.

Keymessage: Infants presenting with blaschkoid hypermelanosis and typical facial features should be thoroughly examined for PKS

[1]. Izumi , K, Krantz, I.D. Pallister–Killian syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C. 2014;166(4): 406-413.
[2]. Lloveras, E, Canellas, A, Cirigliano, V, Català, V, Cerdan, C. Supernumerary Ring Chromosome: An Etiology for Pallister-Killian Syndrome?. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 2013;34(3): 172-175.
[3]. Stone , L, Tripuraneni, R, Bain , M, Hernandez, C. Pallister–Killian syndrome in a two‐year‐old boy. Clinical Case Reports. 2017;5(6): 774-777..

Abstract: Increase in size of gingiva is a common feature of gingival disease. Many types of gingival enlargement can be classified in connection with etiological factors and pathological changes. This is clinically designated as gingival enlargement or gingival overgrowth. The terms overgrowth or enlargement are descriptive terms. Hyperplasia is a histological term used to describe the increase in a number of cells whereas hypertrophy is an overgrowth due to increased size of the cells.Two cases of gingival overgrowths are reported here. One of the lesion occurred in the mandibular anterior region, while the second case occurred in the maxillary anterior region. Radiographically, both of the cases were no evidence of bone loss. Surgical correction of the gingival overgrowth is still the most frequent treatment. An excision biopsy was performed in both cases. This article highlights the clinical presentation, diagnosis, histological features and treatment of two different cases of gingival overgrowth.

[1]. F A Carranza. "Gingival enlargement," in Glickman's Clinical Periodontology, F A Carranza, Ed., pp. 125–148, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 7th edition, 1990.
[2]. Tomes J. A course of lectures on dental physiology and surgery (lectures I-XV). Am J Dent Sc 1846-1848; 7:1-68,121-134; 8:33-54,120-147,313-350.
[3]. Saurel L. Memoirs upon the tumors of the gums, known under the name epulis. Am J Dent Sc 1858; 8(new series):33-43, 212-231.
[4]. Alam MN, Chandrasekaran SC, Valiathan M.Fibroma of the Gingiva: A Case Report of a 20 Year old Lesion. Int Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 2010; 1:107-9.
[5]. Zhang W, Chen Y, An Z, Geng N, Bao D. Reactive gingival lesions: a retrospective study of 2,439 cases. Quintessence Int 2007; 38(2):103–10..

Abstract: Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage mostly due to uterine atony is responsible for about a third of maternal deaths. The present study is an attempt to compare the efficacy of i.v oxytocin and sublingual misoprostol for prevent of PPH. Our aims and objectives were to find out the efficacy of misoprostol for prevention of primary post partum haemorrhage in comparison with oxytocin and to find out its safety, side effects and acceptability. Materials and methods: The open label randomized clinical trial included total of 800 antenatal patients meeting the eligibility criteria .The patients were randomly assigned to receive either Oxytocin (10 U im ) or Misoprostol (400 mcg.........

Keywords- Postpartum haemorrhage(PPH), Oxytocin, Misoprostol

[1]. WHO. Maternal mortality. Fact sheet no. 348. 2010. http://who.int/media centre/factsheet/fs348/en/index.html. Accessed 4 Jan 2012.
[2]. Rushwan H. Misoprostol: An essential medicine for managing postpartum hemorrhage in low resource setting. Int J Gynaecol. Obstet 2011; 114: 209-10.
[3]. Cunningham FG, Hauth JC, Leveno KJ et al. William's Obstetrics. 23rd Edition. McGRAW Hill; 2010: 757-60.
[4]. Nirmala K, Zainuddin AA et al. Carbetocin vs Syntometrine in prevention of postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009; 35: 48-54.
[5]. Prendiville WJ, Elbourne D et al. Active vs expectant management in the third stage of labour. The Cochrane library . Wiley 2003..

Abstract: Aims & Objectives – The study was performed to quantify the amount of Collagen in the Urethral Plate of Children with Hypospadias. Masson trichrome stain (MT) was compared with picrosirius red stain (PSR) and their outcomes. Materials & Methods – The study was performed in 25 children (age 1 year to 12 years). After TIP procedure, biopsy was taken from the Urethral plate. The tissue was subjected to MT and PSR staining, and correlated with post-operative status at 15 days, 1 month and 3 months. Result:- MT score versus PSR score was........

[1]. Hinman FJ, Baskin LS. Hypospadias. Hinman's Atlas of Pediatric Urologic Surgery, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. p. 653-661.
[2]. Borer JG, Retik AB. Hypospadias. Campbell-Walsh Urology, 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. p. 3703-3710.
[3]. Kraft K, Shukla A, Canning D. Hypospadias. Urologic Clinics of North America. 2010;37(2):167-181.
[4]. Baskin L, Ebbers M. Hypospadias: anatomy, etiology, and technique. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2006; 41: 463-472.
[5]. Mouriquand P, Mure PY. Hypospadias. Puri P, Höllwarth M (eds). Pediatric Surgery. : Springer; 2006. p. 529

Abstract: Introduction: It is estimated that approximately one-third of the world's population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent that causes tuberculosis (TB).1 Central nervous system TB is a major health concern in developing countries, and is increasing in developed countries because of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and multidrug-resistance.1,2 Intracranial inflammatory granulomas are a diagnostic challenge both to clinicians and radiologists..........

Keywords- cerebellar hemisphere, MRI, Tuberculsis.

[1]. Obuchowski NA. Receiver operating characteristic curves and their use in radiology. Radiology 2003;229: 3–8.

[2]. Obuchowski NA, McClish DK. Sample size determination for diagnostic accuracy studies involving binormal ROC curve indices. Stat Med 1997; 16: 1529–1542.

[3]. Gupta RK, Roy R, Dev R, et al. Finger printing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with intracranial tuberculomas by using in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 1996; 36: 829–833.

[4]. Gupta RK, Pandey R, Khan EM, et al. Intracranial tuberculomas: MRI signal intensity correlation with histopathology and localised proton spectroscopy. Magn Reson Imaging 1993; 11: 443–449.

[5]. Batra A, Tripathi RP. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of focal cerebral tubercular lesions. Acta Radiol 2004; 45: 679–688.

Abstract: Introduction: Emergency obstetric hysterectomy (EOH) is defined as extirpation of the uterus either at the time of cesarean section or following vaginal delivery, or within the puerperium period. It is usually performed in the face of unrelenting and life-threatening obstetric hemorrhage. A near miss event is defined as a woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.1 EOH can be rightly classified as a near miss event. It is important to study such events since they provide an insight into the standard of care provided and help to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality...........

Key words: Obstetric hysterectomy, uterus, surgical technique

[1]. Samuel Lurie. The changing motives of cesarean section: from the ancient world to the twenty-first century. Arch GynecolObstet (2005) 271: 281–285.
[2]. J Drife. The start of life: a history of obstetrics. Postgrad Med J 2002;78:311–315.
[3]. Ej Udoma et al emergency obstetric hysterectomy 2003, Calabar university, Nigeria.
[4]. Sumera Tahir et al Indication and maternal outcome of emergency peripartum hysterectomy, Pak. J.Med.Sci.2003 19,3,182-186
[5]. Kanwar Meenakshi et al. Emergency hysterectomy in obstetrics. J. Ob.Gy. Ind 2003, 53, 4, 350-352..

Abstract: Contraception Methods: Acceptance and practices among women attending a tertiary care centre
Introduction: India is the world's seventh largest country by area with 2.4% of the world surface .It is the second most populous country in the world and supports 17.5% of the world population. In spite of various methods of contraception, the unplanned pregnancy is high. Most widely used contraceptive method in INDIA is still female sterilization. With this background the study was done to understand the awareness and preferences of women for accepting different methods of family planning who visited the hospital. Material and Method: It was an observational study which was carried on women...........

[1]. Government of India. Family Welfare Statistics in India. Statistic Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, 2011.
[2]. Study of contraceptive use among married women in a slum in mumbai Kiran G Makade1, Manasi Padhyegurjar2, Shekhar B Padhyegurjar3, R N Kulkarni4 1Assistant Professor, SRM, MCH & RC, Potheri, 603203, Tamil Nadu, 2Associate Professor, 3Professor, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Near Madhuranthagam-603 308, Tamil Nadu, 4Professor, T. N. Medical College, Mumbai
[3]. Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee) http://www.indjst.org Indian J.Sci.Technol. 915 Study of contraceptive practices and reasons for not accepting contraceptives in rural India: Chanai village as a case study Sujata K. Murarkar1 , S. G. Soundale2 and R.N. Lakade3 1Department of Community Medicine, BharatiVidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pun

[4]. Knowledge, attitude & acceptance of contraceptive methods among women attending opd of tertiary health care center Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences Nisha Mandolai,Khushboo Verma,Sudha Chaurasia Juhi Agarwal.

[5]. Contraceptive use and preferences of young married women in Kerala, India Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedhara Stud Dove PRESSNot..