iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND: VTE is well known complication of patients with subdural hemorrhage and is well documented in much recent literature with incidence up to 34% in absence of chemoprophylaxis. OBJECTIVE: To find the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis and factors to affecting VTE within 12 hours of SHD. METHODS: This is a Retrospective analysis consisting of patients with subdural hemorrhage presenting to a tertiary care trauma center within 12 hours of injury. These set of patients were compared to another set of matched patients who received Enoxaparin with delayed presentation (24hr to 48 hr). All patients were subjected to CT scan at presentation and base line venous status of lower limbs as per standard trauma protocols. Primary outcome was measured as expanding SDH. Secondary outcome includes craniotomy surgery and mortality.........

KEYWORDS: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS, TRAUMATIC SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGE

[1]. Geerts WH, Code KI, Jay RM, Chen E, Szalai JP. A prospective study of venous thromboembolism after major trauma. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(24):1601-1606.
[2]. Kaufman HH, Satterwhite T, McConnel BJ, et al. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in head injured patients. Angiology. 1983;34(10):627-638.
[3]. Dengler BA,Mendez-Gomez P, Chavez A, et al. Safety of chemicalDVT prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury with invasive monitoring devices. Neurocrit Care. 2016;25(2):215-223.
[4]. Denson K, Morgan D, Cunningham R, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with traumatic brain injury. Am J Surg. 2007;193(3):380-383.
[5]. Dudley RR, Aziz I, Bonnici A, et al. Early venous thromboembolism event prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury with low-molecular-weight heparin: risks and benefits. J Neurotrauma. 2010;27(12):2165-2172....

Abstract: Nasal vestibulitis (nasal furunculosis) is a localized infection of the hair follicle (hair-bearing nasal vestibule). Most common pathogens include staphylococcus aureus, other gram positive organisms and anaerobes1. Infection in this area can spread locally even intra cranially and causing fulminant life-threatening conditions like septic cavernous sinus thrombosis2. Here we report a case of 4yr old female presented with the history of high grade fever and right side nasal furuncle since 4 days, together with a rare association of bilateral periorbital (preseptal) swelling since one day. The child was hospitalized. Laboratory and radiological investigations were carried out to investigate any possible complications.

[1]. Thatai D, Chandy L, Dhar KL. Septic cavernous sinus thromboplebitis: a review of 35 cases. J Indian medical assoc 1992; 90: 290-292.
[2]. Standring S, ed. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice 41st edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2015.
[3]. Rohana AR, Rosli MK, Nik Rizal NY et al. Bilateral ophthalmic vein thrombosis secondary to nasal furunculosis. Orbit 2008; 27: 215-7.
[4]. Janfaza P, Cheney ML. Superficial structures of the face, head, and parotid region. In: Janfaza P. Nadol JB, Galla RJ, Fabian RL, Montgomery WW, editors. Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001; 29-32.
[5]. Lipschitz N, Yakirevitch A, Sagiv D, et al. Nasal vestibulitis: Etiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics: A retrospective study of 118 cases. DiagnMicrobiol Infect Dis 2017 Oct; 89(2):131-4..

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation is a frequent cause of hospital admissions. In one-third of patients, exacerbations have no known cause. We studied whether the presence of diastolic dysfunction (DD) in this subgroup of patients is associated with longer duration of hospitalization and more frequent exacerbations. Methods: 89 patients with COPD exacerbation, 67 with Diastolic dysfunction, and 22 with normal diastolic function hospitalized for acute COPD exacerbation between April 2017 and May 2018 were included in the study. Diastolic dysfunction was defined by the presence of relaxation, filling, or distensibility abnormalities of the left ventricle on transthoracic echocardiogram. Results patients with severe stages of COPD had advanced stage of LV Diastolic dysfunction contributing to their symptomatology. Conclusion :Patients with COPD should undergo ECHO routinely to assess LV Diastolic Dysfunction which will help to improve the management of COPD.

Key Words: COPD, Diastolic dysfunction, COPD Exacerbation , Pulmonary Artery Pressure

[1]. Mannino DM. COPD: epidemiology, prevalence, morbidity and mortality, and disease heterogeneity. Chest. 2002;121(5 suppl): 121S–126S.
[2]. Voelkel NF, Tuder R. COPD: exacerbation. Chest. 2000; 117(5 suppl 2):376S–379S.
[3]. Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, et al. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(6): 532–555.
[4]. Vestbo J. Clinical assessment, staging, and epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3(3):252–256.
[5]. Aurigemma GP, Gaasch WH. Clinical practice. Diastolic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(11):1097–1105..

Abstract: Introduction: Maternal near- miss is defined as ― a woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy , childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. A maternal death is one of the most devastating complications in obstetrics. Methods: The hospital based prospective study selecting 58 patients according to maternal near-miss criterias, were analysed in respect to demographical and other outcome parameters. Results: Analysis of the data revealed that most patients in the near- miss group were primiparas(39.7), in the third trimester (62.1%) or in the post natal period (25.9%). 75.9% in the near miss group were unbooked and were referred from a private or district , sub-division hospital. 11% of the patients presented with eclampsia or status epilepticus. Dialysis for ARF was needed in 5.2 % patients..........

Keywords- Maternal death, Near miss, Maternal mortality

[1]. Health statistics and information systems: Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)". World Health Organization.
[2]. Roopa PS et al :‖Near Miss‖ obstetric events and maternal deaths in a tertiary Care Hospital :An Audit :Journal of pregnancy Volume 2013 ,Article ID 393758
[3]. Kalra P et al:Obstetric near – miss morbidity and maternal mortality in a tertiary care centre in western Rajasthan :Indian J Public Health 2014;58:199-201
[4]. Almerie Y ,Matar HE et al: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010 Oct 19;10:65. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-10-65
[5]. Fifty-fifth Session of the United Nations General Assembly. New York: United Nations; 2000. Sep 18, United Nations Millennium Declaration. General Assembly document, No. A/RES/55/2.

Abstract: & Objectives: Amphibian experiments in Physiology Practical classes are at present taught by using simple lecture-demonstrations as killing of animals for laboratory use has become controversial especially after the intervention of animal rights activists. Animal Simulation method could be used as an alternative to it.The present study tried to see the knowledge gained by the 1st Prof MBBS students by using Animal Simulation model in Amphibian Physiology Practical classes as compared to conventional Lecture-Demonstration method. It also tried to find out that the difference in knowledge gain by Poor performing students as compared to Good Performers. The student's Perception on this simulation based T-L Methodology was also surveyed..

Key words: Animal Simulator Software, Amphibian Physiology Practical, Undergraduate MBBS students

[1]. Badyal DK, Modgill V, Kaur J. Computer simulation models are implementable as replacements for animal experiments. Altern Lab Anim 2009;37:191-5.
[2]. Dewhurst DG, Kojic ZZ. Replacing animal use in physiology and pharmacology teaching in selected universities in eastern Europe-charting a way forward. Altern Lab Anim 2011;39:15-22
[3]. http://www.petaindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/MOEF-Guidelines-2012.pdf
[4]. Richa Ghay Thaman, Sanjeev Saggar, Harkirat Kaur, Sukhjinder Dhillon, Shashi Gupta, Parminder Kaur, Dimple Arora. Nuro-muscular physiology experiments: computer assisted learning versus traditional lecture demonstrations. Pak J Physiol 2012;8(2).
[5]. D. G. Dewhurst, J. Hardcastle, P. T. Hardcastle, E. Stuart. Comparison of a computer simulation program and a traditional laboratory practical class for teaching the principles of intestinal absorption.Advances in Physiology Education;1994:12(1)..

Abstract: Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare dermatosis of pregnancy with typical onset during the last trimester of pregnancy and rapid resolution in the postpartum period. Clinically and histologically, it is consistent with pustular psoriasis. This similarity has led some authors to name the disease "the pustular psoriasis of pregnancy"..

Key words: Case reports, Impetigo herpetiformis, Pregnancy, Psoriasis

[1]. Lotem M, Katzenelson V, Rotem A, Hod M, Sandbank M. Impetigo herpetiformis: a variant of pustular psoriasis or a separate entity? J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;20:338–341.
[2]. Christophers E, Mrowietz U. Psoriasis. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg IN, Austen KF, editors. Dermatology in General Medicine. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2003. pp. 407–427.
[3]. Martins GA, Arruda L. Systemic treatment of psoriasis - Part I: methotrexate and acitretin. An Bras Dermatol. 2004;79:263–278.
[4]. Lawley TJ, Yancey KB. Skin changes and diseases in pregnancy. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg IN, Austen KF, editors. Dermatology in general medicine. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2003. pp. 1361–1366.
[5]. Hazarika D. Generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy successfully treated with cyclosporine. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009;75:638–638...

Abstract: Objectives:Toevaluate the effect of UST toreduce Swelling, control pain and subsequently improving tenderness,Range of Motion, walk time in OA Knee. Study Design – Prospective randomized controlled parallel group study. Study Area – Osteoarthritis Clinic and OPD of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Deptt. IPGMER, SSKM, Hospital. Sample - Patients with bilateral symmetrical primary OA Knee attending Osteoarthritis Clinic and OPD of PMR. IPGMER, SSKM Hospital from March2008 – october2014. Patients were divided into 2 groups. First group (total no. 33 patients) -risedronate (35mg.) [R]............

Key words: OA knee, UST, WOMAC, Swelling

[1]. Harrison's textbook of internal medicine, 16th. Edition, 2005: 2036-45
[2]. Brand KD, osteoarthritis, 1st Ed, 1996: 15-25
[3]. [Ann Rheum Dis, 2001, 60 : 717.]
[4]. [Delisa AJ &Gans Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principal and practice, 4th. Edition, 2005: 765-86.]
[5]. [Felson DT et al.,Epidemiology of Osteoarthritis,1998]..

Abstract: Background: Human parainfluenza viruses are the major cause for respiratory illness in human and among HPIV type 2 rarely affect an immunocompetent host. A changing pattern of clinical spectrum of this virus type can pose a serious threat in the future. Patients and Methods: We report 10 patients who were admitted to our institute with extensive involvement of lower respiratory tract and were found to be positive for HPIV type 2 virus during a period of 6 months from February 2018 to august 2018. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR from throat swab and after exclusion of any immunocompromised state of the patient...............

Key words: HPIV type 2, bilateral pneumonitis.

[1]. Hall CB. RSV and parainfluenza virus. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1917–28.
[2]. Marcolini JA, Suki D et al. Parainfluenza virus in adult leukemic patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22: 79–84.
[3]. Chemaly RF et al. Respiratory viral infections in adults with hematologic malignancies and human stem cell transplantation recipients 2006; 85: 278–87
[4]. Cunha BA, Pherez FM, Strollo S. H1N1: diagnostic dilemmas early in the pandemic. Scand J Infect Dis. 2009;41(11-12):900-2.
[5]. Karp, J. Willis, and C. M. 1974. Parainfluenza virus II and the immunocompromised host. Am. J. Dis. Child. 127:592–593..

Abstract: Head and neck cancers are showing rising pattern in India due to increased use of tobacco in various forms in younger generations and are responsible for increased prevalence of various head and neck malignancies. Epidemiological studies also report a strong association with human papillomavirus (HPV) in a subset of HNSCC non-smoking cases. Aim: To study prevalence of head and neck cancers in our region. Objectives: 1. To study various age groups with head and neck malignancies 2. To study prevalence of malignancy in various head and neck subsites 3. To study prevalence of various histological variants.............

[1]. Abhinandan B, A Chakraborty, P Purkaystha, et al (2006). Prevalence of head and neck cancers in the north east - an institutional study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 58, 15-9.
[2]. A. Argiris, M. V. Karamouzis, D. Raben, and R. L. Ferris, ―Head and neck cancer,‖ The Lancet, vol. 371, no. 9625, pp. 1695–1709, 2008.
[3]. D. M. Parkin, F. Bray, J. Ferlay, and P. Pisani, ―Global cancer statistics, 2002,‖ Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 74-108, 2005.
[4]. MdSalahuddin Siddiqui1*, Rajeev Chandra2, Abdul Aziz3, Saurav Suman4DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.8.3949 Epidemiology and Histopathological Spectrum of Head and Neck Cancers in Bihar, a State of Eastern India
[5]. Mehrotra Ravi, Singh Mamata, Gupta Raj Kishore, Singh Manish, Kapoor Anil K (2005). Trends of prevalence and pathological spectrum of head and neck cancers in North India. Indian J Cancer, 42, 89-93..

Abstract: AIMS 1.To identify the common indications for tracheostomy. 2. To know the type of tracheostomy required 3. To study the complications in tracheostomy MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in the Government ENT tertiary referral Hospital in the state of Andhra Pradesh during April 2016 to March 2018.A total number of 100 cases of Tracheostomy were selected in this group, they were distributed according to gender variation ,age variation, indication for tracheostomy, the level of tracheostomy performed and the time of tracheostomy performed and the complications came across..............

Key words: Tracheostomy , Neck Injury, Tumors of Larynx, Intensive Care Unit

[1]. Caroline HI, Lima BL,Sato J.Indication and Complication of tracheostomy.Braz J Otorhinolaryngologol2010;76(3-10
[2]. Choudhury AA,Sulthana T, Joarder AH, Tarafder KH,A comparative study of elective and emergency tracheostomy,Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology 2018;14(2):57-62
[3]. Venkatesh S Anehosur, Pallavi Karadiguddi, Elective tracheostomy In Head and Neck Surgery:Our Experience, J Clin Diagn Res.2017 May;11(5):ZC36-ZC39
[4]. Sahabi I, Zada B Complication of conventional tracheostomy.J.postgrad med inst 2005:19:18-91
[5]. Goldberg, D., Ari E.G.,Golz,A.,Danino Tracheostomy complications:A retrospective study of 1130 cases.Otorhinolaryngology Head and neck Surgery 2000;123(4):495-500.

Abstract: AIM: To compare and contrast the objective measurement of IOP using the Schiotz indentation tonometer, Applanation tonometer and the non-contact air puff tonometer in patients with various refractive errors.MATERIAL& METHODS: A comparative study conducted on a discrete population of 150 patients all of whom attended the outpatient department of our Hospital,Maha Rani LaxmiBai Medical College, Jhansi, INDIA on a voluntary basis;150 patients were selected at random for this study ,came in opd of this medical college for period of 6 month from April 2018 toSeptember 2018.Examination of each patient included slit lamp biomicroscpe and direct ophthalmoscopic examination............

Key words: Perkin's tonometer, Noncontact tonometer (NCT), Schiotz indentation tonometer, Intraocular pressure (IOP)

[1]. Stevens GA, White RA, Flaxman SR, Price H, Jonas JB, Keeffe J, et al. Vision Loss Expert Group. Global prevalence of vision impairment and blindness: magnitude and temporal trends, 1990–2010. Ophthalmology 2013; 120:2377–84.
[2]. Vijaya L, George R, Paul PG, Baskaran M, Arvind H, Raju P, et al. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in a rural south Indian population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:4461–7.
[3]. Quyang PB, Li CY, Zhu XH, Duan XC. Assessment of intraocular pressure measured by Reichert ocular response analyzer, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and dynamic contour tonometry in healthy individuals. Int J Ophthalmol 2012;5:102–7.
[4]. Medeiros FA, Alencar LM, Sample PA, Zangwill LM, Susanna Jr R, Weinreb RN. The relationship between intraocular pressure reduction and rates of progressive visual field loss in eyes with optic disc hemorrhage. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:2061–6.
[5]. Chui WS, Lam A, Chen D, Chiu R. The influence of corneal properties on rebound tonometry. Ophthalmology 2008; 115:80–4..

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this comprehensive review was to introduce a new theory to explain the increased prevalence of impacted third molar. Hypothesis: The new theory being the mechanical theory which hypothesizes that modernization is related to a reduction in the functional activities of the jaw which in turn negatively impacted the structure of the jaw, mandibular teeth line. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on the theories that explained the prevalence of tooth impactions was conducted, using a PubMed and Cochrane databases. Results and Discussion: Based on the information that were reviewed, it was found that two theories that explained the..............

Key words: Evolution Theory, Growth and Development Theory, Modernization Theory, Prevalence, Third Molar Tooth Impaction

[1]. Al-Anqudi SM, Al-Sudairy S, Al-Hosni A, Al-Maniri A. 2014. Prevalence and Pattern of Third Molar Impaction: A retrospective study of radiographs in Oman. Sultan QaboosUniv Med J. 2014; 14(3)-92
[2]. Afify AR and Zawawi KH. 2012. The prevalence of dental anomalies in the Western Region of Saudi Arabian. ISRN Dentistry. 1:5.
[3]. Almendros-Marques N, Alaejos-Algatrrae, Qunteros-Bargarello M, Berini-Aytes L, Gay-Escoda C. 2008. Factors influencing prophylactic removal of asymptomic impacted lower third molars. International Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery. 37: 29-35.
[4]. Bansal R and Ajwani P. 2010. Prevalence and morphological study of three rooted mandibular first molar in Indian population. Internet Journal of Human Anatomy. 2(1).
[5]. Bataineh AB, Albashairen ZS, Hazza AM. 2002. The surgical removal of mandibular third molars: a study in decision making. Quintessence International. 33: 613-617..

Abstract: Objective: To determine the correlation between single voided sample (spot urine PCR) and 24 hours urine protein excretion in patients being evaluated for preeclampsia. This study was conducted in Niloufer hospital and sample size is 100. Methods: A random urine sample was collected after discarding the first morning specimen. A single voided urine specimen was obtained soon after the 24 hour urine collection, before midday. Urine protein was performed on semi automated analyser. Urine creatinine was measured by the Jaffes reaction. The protein creatinine ratio was calculated by dividing the urinary protein concentration by the urinary creatinine concentration and the correlation with the 24 hours urine protein was assessed.

Key words: Preeclampsia,p/c ratio ,hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, proteinuria,renal functional tests.

[1]. Robert Magali MD;; Sepandj, Farshad MD; ; Liston, Robert M. MD; ; Dooley, Kent C. PhD; RANDOM PROTEIN-CREATININE RATIO FOR THE QUANTITATION OF PROTEINURIA IN PREGNANCY;Obstetrics & Gynecology: April 1998 - Volume 91 - Issue 4 - ppg 240-241.

[2]. Quadri KH, Bernardini J, Greenberg A, Laifer S, Syed A, Holley JL. Assessment of renal function during pregnancy using a random urine protein to creatinine ratio and Cockcroft-Gault formula. Am J Kidney Dis. 1994 Sep;24(3):416-20.

[3]. Adrienne B. Neithardt, MD,Sharon L. Dooley, MD, MPH, Jayme Borensztajn, MD;Prediction of 24-hour protein excretion in pregnancy with a single voided urine protein-to-creatinine ratio,May 2002Volume 186, Issue 5, Pages 883–886.

[4]. BOLER LEO MD;; ZBELLA, EDWARD A. MD; ; GLEICHER, NORBERT MD; Quantitation of Proteinuria in Pregnancy by the Use of Single Voided Urine Samples; Obstetrics & Gynecology: July 1987, Volume 70 - Issue 1 .

[5]. JASCHEVATZKY OSCAR E. MD;; ROSENBERG, RON P. MD; ; SHALIT, AMOS MD; ; ZONDER, HILKIAHU B. MD; ; GRUNSTEIN, STEPHAN MD; Protein/Creatinine Ratio in Random Urine Specimens for Quantitation of Proteinuria in Preeclampsia; April 1990 - Volume 75 - Issue 4 ...

Abstract: Life style changes and urbanization have led to increasing proportions of many lung diseases. In general, with a reduction of regular exercises among young males, the vital capacity tends to decrease. This factor may increase the incidence of obstructive lung disease in the community. Yoga, a tradition, is known to influence lung function tests. The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of yogic practices on Vital capacity among university men students. The study was conducted on 30 university men students in totally two groups, namely, control & experimental group. Experimental group consisted of 15 university men students. They underwent six weeks of practice in yogic practices whereas the control group did not under go any type of training. Vital capacity was measured before and after the experimentation using the standardized tests. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) analyzed the data and it was concluded that the yogic practices had significant (P < 0.05) effect on vital capacity among university men students.we suggest a possible addition of regular yogic practices along with the curriculum among university students.

Key words: lung function, vital capacity, Yoga

[1]. Robinson CL, Baumann LM, Romero K, et al Effect of urbanisation on asthma, allergy and airways inflammation in a developing country setting Thorax 2011;66:1051-1057.
[2]. Mekonnen D, Mossie A. Clinical Effects of Yoga on Asthmatic Patients: A Preliminary Clinical Trial. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 2010;20 (2):107-112.
[3]. R. Sobana, S. Parthasarathy, Duraisamy, K. Jaiganesh, S. Vadivel The Effect of Yoga Therapy on Selected Psychological Variables Among Male Patients with Insomnia. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2013 January, Vol-7(1): 55-57
[4]. Jaiganesh K, Duraisami V, Parthasarathy S. Combined effect of inclusive games and yogic relaxation on the selected domestic skills among physically challenged boys. International Journal of Yoga. 2011;4 (2):100-101.
[5]. Ganesh M. Jaiganesh K , Parthasarathy S , Semmal M Assessment of lung functions and the role of gender in Peak Expiratory Flow Rates (PEFR) of adolescent swimmers in Chennai, Int J Cur Sci Res. 2011; 1(3): 92- 95.

Abstract: With a 3.7% point prevalence and 40 million HBV carriers, India is considered to be an intermediate endemic zone as per WHO observation. Prevalence of HBV infection among voluntary blood donors indicates the prevalence of carrier state in the population. METHODS: All voluntary blood donors reporting to the blood bank are screened using appropriate enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. This retrospective study was designed for duration of 8 and a half years starting from January of 2010 to june2018.Medical reports of the donors were accessed from the blood bank and were analyzed. RESULTS: Total 46900 donors were screened of which 41805 were males and 5095 were females and the prevalence was estimated by HBsAg positivity which is 0.88|% which well below the Indian average. CONCLUSION: Blood borne infection of HBV continues to occur which calls for superior method of screening...

Key words: ELISA, Hepatitis B.Virus, Voluntary Blood Donors

[1]. Gerlich W.H. Medical Virology of Hepatitis B: how it began and where we are now .Virology Journal .2013;10:239 . Published online 2013 Jul20. Doi:10.1186/1743-422x-10-239 PMID:23870415
[2]. World Health Organization ,Global Hepatitis Report, 2017
[3]. Zhang Q, Cao G . Genotypes, mutations and viral load of hepatitis B virus and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma .Hepat Mon 2011;11(2):86-91

[4]. Roy G. Current Scenario of Hepatitis B and its Treatment in India . Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017 Sep 28;5(3):277-296 Published online 2017 Jul 8.doi:10.14218/JCTH.2017.00024
[5]. Naik TB ,,. Sathish J.V. and .Wadekar M.D..Seroprevalence of Hepatitris B Surface Antigen Among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital at Chamrajanagar, Karnataka, India .International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences(2018) 7(1):1279-1284 . https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.701.156

Abstract: Introduction:Preadjusted Edgewise appliance (MBT) has popularized the use of sliding mechanics, which has become the most commonly used method of achieving space closure in orthodontics. In the quest for the most efficient method of delivering constant retractive force to the teeth, NiTi closed coil springs and the elastomeric chains have been the most commonly used modalities. The aim of this investigation was to find out and compare the rate of mandibular canine retraction with NiTi closed coil spring and elastomeric chain delivering 200grams of force with sliding mechanics using preadjusted edgewise appliances.............

[1]. Samuels RHA, Orth M, Rudge SJ, Mair LH. A comparison of the rate of space closure using a nickel-titanium spring and an elastic module: A clinical study. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 1993 May 1;103(5):464–7.
[2]. Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics, 2nd Edition, 108-12 2015
[3]. Norman NH, Worthington H, Chadwick SM. Nickel titanium springs versus stainless steel springs: A randomized clinical trial of two methods of space closure. J Orthod. 2016 Sep;43(3):176–85.
[4]. De Genova DC, McInnes-Ledoux P, Weinberg R, Shaye R. Force degradation of orthodontic elastomeric chains--a product comparison study. Am J Orthod. 1985 May;87(5):377–84.
[5]. Mirhashemi A, Saffarshahroudi A, Sodagar A, Atai M. Force-degradation pattern of six different orthodontic elastomeric chains. J Dent Tehran Iran. 2012;9(4):204–15...

Abstract: Ectopia lentis is a rare and evolving disease, charactrized by a congenital displacement in the frontal plane of the crystalline lens following a relaxation of zonule by constitutional anomaly. The cristallinien displacement can be in different senses and can be a source of severe ocular complications, dominated by ocular hypertension and retinal detachment. The prognosis is mainly related to the early diagnosis, the quality of management of the ectopia lentis and the amblyopia............

[1]. STOLL C, ALEMBIK Y, DOTT B et al. Epidemiology of congenital eye malformations in 131.760 consecutive births. Ophthalmic Paediatrics and Genetics, 1992 ; 13 : 179-186.
[2]. Leonard B. Nelson, Irene H. Maumenee. Ectopia Lentis. Surv of Ophtalmo,1982 ; 32 : 3 : 143-156
[3]. PL de Meux, G. Caputo. Déplacements congénitaux et acquis du cristalli - - EMC-Ophtalmologie, 2005 - Elsevier
[4]. Wen Y Wu-Chen, Letson RD, Summers CG. Functional and Structural Outcomes Following Lensectomy for Ectopia Lentis. Journal Of American Association For Pediatric Ophthalmology And Strabismus, 2005 ; 9 : 353-357.
[5]. Sorath N, Khan A, Shehla R and al. Management of Ectopia Lentis in Children. Pak. J. Ophthalmol, 2007 ; 23, 4 : 181-187..

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if preoperative use of single dose of 20mg sublingual piroxicam and 20mg dispersible ketorolac would significantly reduce postendodontic pain, when compared with 600mg ibuprofen following single visit root canal treatment An additional objective was to compare the efficacy of sublingual piroxicam and dispersible ketorolac on post endodontic pain following single visit root canal treatment. A total of 70 adult patients consented to a double-blind, single-dose oral administration of 20mg of ketorolac, 20mg of piroxicam, 600 mg of ibuprofen, before single visit root canal therapy. Each Patient-reported visual analog scale ratings of pain intensity were conducted upon initial clinical presentation and at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours and 72 h after completion of single visit root canal treatment..........

[1]. Ng YL, Glennon JP, Setchell DJ, Gulabivala K. Prevalence of and factors affecting post-obturation pain in patients undergoing root canal treatment. Int Endod J 2004 Jun;37(6):381-91.
[2]. Sathorn C, Parashos P, Messer H. The prevalence of postoperative pain and flare-up in single- and multiple-visit endodontic treatment: a systematic review. Int Endod J 2008 Feb;41(2):91-9 Epub 2007 Oct 23.
[3]. Trindade PA, Giglio FP, Colombini-Ishikiriama BL, et al. Comparison of oral versus sublingual piroxicam during postoperative pain management after lower third molar extraction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Mar;40(3):292-7.
[4]. Nappi G, Micieli G, Tassorelli C, Viotti E, Altavilla T. Effectiveness of a piroxicam fast dissolving formulation sublingually administered in the symptomatic treatment of migraine without aura. Headache 1993 Jun;33(6):296-300.
[5]. Dionne RA, Campbell RA, Cooper SA, Hall DL, Buckingham B. Suppression of postoperative pain by the preoperative administration of ibuprofen in comparison to placebo, acetaminophen, and acetaminophen plus codeine. J Clin Pharmacol 1983;23:37–43..

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency in both the developed and developing countries. This common surgical disease continues to remain a diagnostic problem. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the Alvarado score (AS) in the pre-operative diagnosis of acute appendicitis in our setting. METHODS: A prospective study conducted in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto over a three year period from July 2014 to June 2017. All consecutive patients operated during the study period with an initial clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were enrolled into the study. Alvarado scores were correlated with intra operative grades of appendicitis and histopathological findings. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Alvarado Scores were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven patients were studied with a Male: Female (M:F) of 1.5:1 and mean age of 23.89±4.93years. Patients presenting within first 24hours had a perforation rate of 15% as against 41.2% for those that presented after 24hours. The sensitivities, specificities,..............

Key words: Acute Appendicitis, Appendicectomy, Alvarado Score, Northwest Nigeria, intra-operative findings, Developing Countries

[1]. O' Connel RP. The vermiform Appendix. In: O' ConneI RP, Bulltrode CK, Williams NS. Bailey and Love's short Practice of surgery, 25th edition, London; Edward Arnold Publishers, 2008. 1204-1218.
[2]. Okobia MN, Osime U, Aligbe JU. Acute appendicitis: Review of rate of negative appendecectomy in Benin City. Nig J Surg 1999; 6: 1-5.
[3]. Jone PF. Suspected acute appendicitis trend in management over 30 years. Br J Surg 2001; 88: 1570-7.
[4]. Flum DR, Koepsell T. The clinical and economic correlates of misdiagnosed appendicitis. Arch Surg 2002; 37: 799-804.
[5]. Poortman P, Oostvogel HJ, Bosma E, Lohle PN, Cuesta MA et al. Improving diagnosis of acute appendicitis: results of diagnostic pathway with standard use of ultrasonography followed by selective use of CT. J Am Coll Surg 2009; 208: 434-41...