iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2018

Abstract: Amoebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoon, Entamoeba histolytica, that infects 10% of the world's population, resulting in 100,000 deaths/year.[1] The colon and liver are the principal organs affected in amoebiasis. The parasite exists in two forms: a motile form called the trophozoite, and a cyst form, responsible for human transmission of the infection. The trophozoite inhabits the colon where it produces lesions of amoebic colitis. Invasion of the colonic mucosa leads to dissemination of the organism to extracolonic sites, predominantly the liver. Infection by E. histolytica causes a spectrum of intestinal illnesses as asymptomatic infection, symptomatic noninvasive infection, acute proctocolitis (dysentery), and fulminant colitis with perforation. The most common.......

[1]. Reed SL. Amebiasis: An update. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:385-93.
[2]. Chen HT, Hsu YH, Chang YZ. Fulminant Amebic Colitis: Recommended Treatment to Improve Survival. Journal of Thoracic Medicine 2004;16:1-8.
[3]. Santi-Rocca J, Rigothier MC, Guillén N. Host-microbe interactions and defense mechanisms in the development of amoebic liver abscesses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009;22:65-75.
[4]. Restrepo MI, Restrepo Z, Elsa Villareal CL, Aguirre A, Restrepo M. Diagnostic tests for amoebic liver abscess: Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996;29:27-32. [PUBMED]

[5]. Siu WT, Chan WC, Hou SM, Li MK. Laparoscopic management of ruptured pyogenic liver abscess. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1997;7:426-8. [PUBMED]

Abstract: Red cell alloimmunisation is the development of antibodies in response to foreign red cell antigens through transfusion or pregnancy. Females can be alloimmunised to red cell antigens by previous transfusions or transplantations and/or previous or current pregnancy.Red cell alloimmunisation in pregnancy is an immune disorder due to an incompatibility between maternal and fetal red blood cell antigens.In pregnant women,these antibodies may cross the placenta and cause haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn(HDFN).Timely detection of such antibodies in antenatal women is essential for early management of HDFN.A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 multigravida attending antenatal clinic or admitted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.........

[1]. Kennedy MS, Delaney M, Scrape S. Perinatal issues in transfusion practice. In: Fung MK, Grossman BJ, Hillyer CD, Westhoff CM, editors. Technical manual. 18th ed. Bethesda Maryland: AABB; 2014. p. 561-70.
[2]. Suria AA, Nurdiyana MN, Huik ML, Alex YCS, Noornabillah R, Hud M, et al. Red cell antibody screening in pregnancy a preliminary insight. Med Health 2012;7(1):41-6.
[3]. Pahuja S, Gupta SK, Pujani M, Jain M. The prevalence of irregular erythrocyte antibodies among antenatal women in Delhi. Blood Transfus 2011;9(4):388-93.
[4]. Klein HG, Anstee DJ, editors. Mollison's blood transfusion in clinical medicine. 12th ed. Oxford: John Wiley &Sons,Ltd; 2014.
[5]. Suresh B, Sreedhar KV, Arun R, Jothibai DS, Bharathi T. Prevalence of unexpected antibodies in the antenatal women attending the Government Maternity Hospital, Tirupati. J Clin Sci Res 2015;4(1):22-30....

Abstract: Background: Placenta previa is one of the important causes of third trimester bleeding and maternal death. The objective of this study is to analyse the risk factors associated with placenta previa and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. Material and Methods: A total of 84 cases of placenta previa diagnosed on ultrasound were followed upto delivery. Details regarding demographic factors like age, parity and socioeconomic status, need for blood transfusion, additional procedures required for controlling bleeding, maternal complications, NICU admissions and perinatal deaths were recorded. Results: The highest number of Cases was in the age group 25 – 29 with 46 cases (54.76%). The incidence was highest among mulliparous Women........

Key words: - placenta previa, abortion, postpartum hemorrhage, previous cesarian section, obstetric hysterectomy, adherent placenta.

[1]. Grobman WA, , Gersnoviez R, Landon MB, Spong CY, Leveno KJ et al Pregnancy outcomes among women with placenta previa in relation to prior caesarian deliveries.Obstet Gynecol 2007;110: 1249-1255.

[2]. Prasanth S, Mehta P, Rajeshwari KS,.Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Placenta Previa in a Tertiary Care Institute: A Prospective Two Year Study Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 2016 ;3(3) 274 – 278

[3]. Kassem GA, Zahrani AA. Maternal and neonatal Outcome of Placenta Previa and placenta accreta: Three years of experience with two consultant approach. Int J of Woman's health 2013;5:803-810.

[4]. CHO H. Risk factors for antenatal bleeding in pregnancies with placenta previa.2017 J Preg child health;4(6):362. [5]. Kiondo P, Wandabwa J, Doyle P.Risk factors for placenta praevia presenting with severe vaginal bleeding in Mulago hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2008 Mar; 8(1): 44–49...

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of the bispectral index (BIS)and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patient with cardiopulmonary resuscitationpatients. Methods Forty-four patients with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CPR were treated with MTH. The BIS values were recorded and the serum NSE was measured at: 24 h, 48 h, and 72 hours respectively after ICU admission. Neurological outcome was classified according to the Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC 1 to 5) at 3 months after ICU discharge. Results Thirteen patients had agood neurological outcome with CPC score 1-3, and thirty-one patients had apoor neurological outcome with CPC 4-5 at 3 months. Compared with good prognosis group, the NSE values were significantly higher in the........

Keywords: Neuron-specific enolase,Bispectral index, mild therapeutic hypothermia, cardiopulmonaryresuscitation, Neurologic outcome, Return of spontaneous circulation

[1]. Callaway CW, Donnino MW, Fink EL, et al.2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care[J]. Circulation, 2015, 132 (18Suppl2): S465-482.
[2]. Drezner JA, Toresdahl BG, Rao AL, et al. Outcome from sudden cardiac arrest in US high schools: a 2-year prospective study from the National Registry for AED Use in Sports[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2013, 47(18):1179-1183.
[3]. Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group. The Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group.Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest[J]. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(8):549-556.
[4]. Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia[J]. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(8):557-563.
[5]. Johansen J. Update on bispectral index monitoring. Best Pract Res ClinAnaesthesiol 20:81, 2006...

Abstract: Berlin's edema following blunt ocular trauma,is a condition resulting from a countercoup mechanism, which can present with varying grades of visual impairment depending on the severity of the inciting injury. It is referred to as Berlin's edema when it involves the maculaA cross sectional study was conducted among 14patients who were attending OPD ,Department of Ophthalmology, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India ,over a period of 4 months from May 2018 to August 2018 and fulfill inclusion criteria.All patients underwent a complete history taken and ophthalmologic examination. Fundoscopy revealed commotio retinae, observed as an abnormal yellow discoloration in the macula. SD-OCT revealed thickening of outer retinal structures and increased reflectivity in the area of photoreceptor outer segments.The choroidal fluorescence........

Keywords : Berlin's edema,Blunt ocular trauma,Commotio retinae, Spectral domain optical coherence

[1]. Thylefors B. Epidemiological patterns of ocular trauma. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1992;20:95-8.

[2]. Courville CB. Coup-contrecoup mechanism of cranio-cerebral injuries. Arch Surg. 1942;45:19

[3]. Courville CB. Forensic neuropathology. J Forensic Sci 1962;7:1

[4]. Wolter JR. Coup-contrecoup mechanism of ocular injuries. Am J Ophthalmol. 1963;56:785
[5]. Wolter JR. Coup-countercoup mechanism of ocular injuries. Am J Ophthalmol.1963;56:785-796

Abstract: At times patient who has undergone Laparoscopic or Open Cholecystectomy may present with various Post-op Complications. Aims and Objective – To study the clinical, pathological and radiological parameters in patients presenting with acute and chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and correlate them. Material and Methods - The present study was conducted during the two years on patients of gall bladder disease admittedfor laparoscopic cholecystectomy throughout patient department / Emergency in Netaji SubhashChandra Bose Subharti Medical college in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted andperformed. Some of them had to be converted to open cholecystectomy.Finally, 100 patients were included in the study(n=100) out of which 92 patients...........

Keywords: Laproscopic Cholecystectomy, Open Cholecystectomy, Conversion, Age group

[1]. Stanisic V, Milicevic M, Kocev N, Stojanovic M, Vlaovic D, Babic I, et al. Prediction of difficulties in laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the base of routinely available parameters in a smaller regionalhospital. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(8):1204-11
[2]. Naik C, Kailas CT. Predicting difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy by clinical, hematological and radiological evaluation. Int Surgery J. 2016;4(1):189-93.
[3]. Simopoulos C, Botaitis S, Polychronidis A, Tripsianis G, Karayiannakis AJ. Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. SurgEndosc. 2005;19(7):905-9.
[4]. Kumar S, Tiwary S, Agrawal N, Prasanna G, Khanna R, Khanna A. Predictive factors for difficult surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis. The Int J Surg. 2008;6(2):254-8.

[5]. Lee, JY; Keane, MG; Pereira, S (June 2015). "Diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease". The Practitioner. 259 (1783): 15–9, 2. PMID 26455113

Abstract: General anesthesia has been the mainstay in clavicular surgeries.The relative ease of its administration and making the patients relaxed and unaware during the surgical procedures makes GA suitable for most patients. However, GA has the disadvantages of increased haemodynamic stress response, increased postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) ,increased post operative sedation due to the variety of GA drugs used and airway complications such as sore throat caused by endotracheal tube and basal lung atelectasis due to prolonged mechanical ventilation1-3.All these side effects may delay recovery and may necessitate further close monitoring in the post operative period leading to longer stay in the post anaesthesia care unit (PACU). Regional anaesthesia (RA) such as peripheral nerve blocks(PNB) has the advantage of avoiding all these side effects, provides superior analgesia.......

[1]. Harris M,Chung F.Complications of general anaesthesia.Clinics of plastic surgery. 2013 oct;40(4):503-13

[2]. Hadzic A, Arliss J, Kerimoglu B, Karaca PE, Yufa M, Claudio RE, Vloka JD, Rosenquist R, Santos AC, Thys DM . A comparison of infraclavicular nerve block versus general anesthesia for hand and wrist day-case surgeries.Anesthesiology. 2004 Jul;101(1):127-32. [3]. Movasseghi G, Hassani V, Mohaghegh MR,Safaeian R, Safari S, Zamani MM, Nabizadeh R.Comparison between spinal and general anesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Dec 26;4(1):e13871

[4]. Alzahrani T,Alnajjar M,Algarni AD. Delayed Horner's syndrome following ultrasound- guided interscalene brachial plexus block. Saudi J Anaesth 2014 Jan;8(1):121-3.

[5]. Thukral S, Gupta P,Gupta M. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy following interscalene brachial plexus block.How to manage and avoid permanent sequelae? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2015 Apr-Jun;31(2):282-3

Abstract: Background:Number of people with diabetes mellitus has increasing rapidly worldwide over the past many decades and it is an important public health challenges to the country. Present study was undertaken to compare the levels of HbA1c, serum uric acid in patients with diabetes mellitus with normal healthy individuals of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Methods: This is study was undertaken in the Central Laboratory, M.G.M Medical College & Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Total 200 subjects included in this study (Group I: 100 normal healthy individuals, who were in the age group 30-80 years, of both sex. Group II: 100 patients of diabetes mellitus of same age group). Fasting blood samples were taken and investigated for serum uric acid, blood sugar, and HbA1c and value compared with those of normal........

Keywords:Uric Acid, Diabetes mellitus, Glycated Haemoglobin

[1]. Lei Chen, Dianna J. Magliano, Paul Z. Zimmet. The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus-present and future perspectives, Nature Reviews Endocrinology 2012: 8; 228-236.
[2]. LGSR Mehta, Kashyap AS, Das S. Diabetes Mellitus in India; The Modern Scourge. MJAFI 2009:65(1); 50-54.
[3]. The International Expert committee: International Expert Committee report on the role of A1c assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes care 2009, 32: 1327-1334.
[4]. Luis A.G.R, Lucia C.S, Choi H.K. Impact of diabetes against the future risk of developing gout. Journal for Health Professionals and Researches In Rheumatic Diseases. 2010; 69(12): 2090-94.
[5]. Butler R, Morris AD, Belch JJ, Hill A, Struthers AD. Allopurinol normalizes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetics with mild hypertension. Hypertension Journal of American Heart Association. 2000; 35: 746-51..

Abstract: Palmer skin is unique in its charecteristics,matched only by planter skin in the body.So for a superficial palmer defect,planter split skin graft provides closest match.MATERIAL AND METHODS : 125 digital flexion contracture of 78 patients were released and covered with split skin graft from the instep area of sole and its outcome analysed in terms of colour and texture match,hyperpigmentation,marginal hypertrophy and recontracture.RESULTS : complete graft take was observed in 107 digital contractures with excellent colour and texture match. The graft was soft, supple,stable and without any pigmentation.Only 17.60% patinets showed mild hypertrophy and 12% patients developed recontracture.No donor area problem was observed..

Keywords: Finger contracture, planter skin graft,instep skin graft.

[1]. Southwood WFW. The thickness of the skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 1955;15:423.
[2]. Webster JP. Skin grafts for hairless areas of the hands and feet. Plast Reconstr Surg 1955;15:83.
[3]. Zoltie N, Verlende P, Logan A. Full thickness grafts taken from the plantar instep for syndactily release. J Hand Surg 1989;14B:202±3.
[4]. Le Worthy GW. Sole skin as a donor site to replace palmar skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 1963;32:30.
[5]. Nakamura K, Namba K, Tsuchida H. A retrospective study of split-thickness plantar skin grafts to resurface the palm. Ann Plast Surg 1984;12:508.

Abstract: Background Intestinal obstruction is one of the common general surgical emergencies which require prompt diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent complications. Mortality due to intestinal obstruction is on the decline especially in urban areas with improved access to health care, but the same may not be true in semi urban and rural populations due to delay in presentation and lack of awareness. Providing easy access to quality surgical care to these populations can reduce the morbidity due to intestinal obstruction. Objectives To study the etiological trends, presenting features, management and outcomes of intestinal obstruction. Methodology........

[1]. Michael J.Zinner, Stanley W.Ashley; Maingot's Abdominal Operation, 12th ed. Mc Graw Hill, 2013: 583-611.
[2]. Gilroy P. Bevan. Adhesive obstruction. Ann Roy Call Surg Eng 1983; 164-17061. Sufian S, Matsumoto T. Intestinal obstruction. Am J Surg 1975; 130: PP 9 - 14.
[3]. Richard JB, Gerald TG, David CH, Leslie ER, Wangensteen SL. Abdominal pain. Am J Surg 1976; 131: 219 - 223.
[4]. Owen H. Wangensteen. Historical aspect of the management of the acute intestinal obstruction. Surgery 1969; 63: 363 - 383.
[5]. Gill SS, Eggleston FC. Acute Intestinal Obstruction. Arch Surg 1965 Oct; 91: 389 - 392..

Abstract: Introduction: An Introductory workshop on Mentoring was conducted as a part of Orientation course for incoming First year M.B.B.S. students of Osmania Medical College and new Government Medical college in Mahabubnagar of 2016 batch. Following this program, the students were asked to fill a prepared questionnaire to gauge their opinion and preferences on Mentoring. The purpose was to use the data to plan an effective Mentorship, in consultation with students, to better fulfil their requirements. Objectives: To assess the need of Mentoring, as perceived by First M.B.B.S. students who have just entered the medical college by analyzing their responses to a prepared questionnaire. To compare the attitude and requirements towards Mentoring........

Key Words: Mentoring, First MBBS students, Government Medical Colleges, Questionnaire-based study

[1]. Sahiba Kukreja, Namrata Chhabra and Tejinder Singh. Introducing Mentoring to Ist year Medical Students of a Private Medical College in North India: A pilot study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2017 Dec;7(Suppl 1)S67-S71.
[2]. Arati Bhatia, Navjeevan Singh, Upreet Dhaliwal; Mentoring for first year medical students: humanising medical education; Indian J Med Ethics.2013. Apr-Jun; 10(2):100-3
[3]. Cruess SR, Cruess RL, Steinert Y. Role Modelling – making the most of a powerful teaching strategy.BMJ 2008; 336:718-21.
[4]. Paul S, Mueller, Teaching and Assessing Professionalism in Medical Learners and Practicing Physicians: Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal/ www. rmmj org.il, April 2015 ; Volume 6, Issue 2:1-13.
[5]. Stenfors- HayesT, et al. Being a mentor for undergraduate medical students enhances personal and professional development. Journal Medical Teacher. Volume 32, 2010- Issue 2: 148-153.

Abstract: Background: Utilization of maternal care health services is associated with improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Therefore, understanding the factors affecting utilization of maternal health services is crucial to its promotion. This study aimed to assess the utilization of health facility delivery services and associated factors by pregnant women in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 pregnant women selected by multistage sampling technique. A set of pre-tested, interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the research variables and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 statistical package.........

Keywords –Knowledge, attitude, utilization, pregnant women, health facility delivery services

[1]. Hodgekin D. Household characteristic affecting where mothers deliver in rural Kenya. Health Econ 1996; 5: 333-340.
[2]. Alemasehu S T, Fekadu M A, Solomon M W. Institutional delivery service utilization and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months in Sekele District, North West of Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and childbirth 2012; 12:74 doi:10.1186/1471-2393-12-74.
[3]. Goodburn E, McDonagh M. Maternal Health Sector reform: Opportunities and challenges, Safe motherhood strategies a review of the evidence. Studies in Health Services organization and policy 2001: 17.
[4]. Greenberg RS. The impact of prenatal care in different Social groups. American Journal of Obs and Gynae 1993; 145 (7): 797 – 801.
[5]. World Health Organization. Advancing Safe Motherhood through Human Rights. New-York: Reproductive Health Publications; 2001. pg 3-4..

Abstract: A 55 year old male, presented with pain and right inguinal lump for 5 days, with long standing history of inguinal hernia. A diagnosis of obstructed inguinal hernia was made. Intraoperatively, perforated appendix with mesenteric lymphadenopathy was found, with 2 litre of pus, trickling to hernial sac, through deep inguinal ring. Sac contained no bowel contents. An appendicectomy and a modified Bassini's repair of hernia was performed with satisfactory postoperative outcome. HPE of appendix, mesenteric lymph nodes, Pus reports and HPE of hernial sac revealed tubercular etiology. Background: Signs and symptoms of abdominal TB are nonspecific. High index of suspicion is required in detection of abdominal/peritoneal cold abscess. Tubercular appendicitis is rare and seen only in 0.1-0.3% of cases. [1]...............

[1]. Singal R, Mittal A, Gupta A, et al. An incarcerated appendix: report of three cases and a review of the literature. Hernia 2012;16:91. [PubMed]
[2]. Sharma MP, Bhatia V. Abdominal tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res. 2004;120:305-15.
[3]. Kapoor V K. Abdominal tuberculosis. Postgrad Med J. 1998;74:459-67.
[4]. Marshall JB. Tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum.Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:989-99.
[5]. Shah I, Uppuluri R. Clinical profile of abdominal tuberculosis in children. Indian J Med Sci. 2010;64:204-9.

Abstract: Metastatic malignant melanoma in the small bowel is a rare entity representing 35% to 50% of metastatic tumors of the small bowel and remains a late phenomenon of the disease. Surgical management of this type of recurrence is recommended to improve the survival and the quality of life. We report a case of surgical management of a small bowel metastasis from a malignant cutaneous melanoma occurring 38 months after the treatment of the primary lesion in a 63 years old woman.

Key words: cutaneous melanoma, small bowel, metastasis, recurrence

[1]. Gill SS, Heuman DM, Mihas AA. Small intestinal neoplasms. J Clin Gastroenterol. oct 2001;33(4):267‑82.
[2]. Patel JK, Didolkar MS, Pickren JW, Moore RH. Metastatic pattern of malignant melanoma: a study of 216 autopsy cases. Am J Surg. 1978;135(6):807–810.
[3]. Elsayed AM, Albahra M, Nzeako UC, Sobin LH. Malignant melanomas in the small intestine: a study of 103 patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91(5).
[4]. Liang KV, Sanderson SO, Nowakowski GS, Arora AS. Metastatic malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier; 2006. p. 511–516.
[5]. Gatsoulis N, Roukounakis N, Kafetzis I, Gasteratos S, Mavrakis G. Small bowel intussusception due to metastatic malignant melanoma. A case report. Tech Coloproctology. 2004;8(1):s141–s143.

Abstract: Cention-N is recently introduced material. So, the aim of this study is to compare the flexural strength of Cention-N, Resin-modified glass ionomer cement, bulk-fill composite & light-cure nanocomposite. In this study, flexural strength of Cention-N,resin-modified glass ionomer cement, bulk-fill composites and light-cure nanaocomposites will be compared and evaluated. For testing flexural strength, 10 samples of each group will be fabricated using bar-shaped customised moulds of size 25×2×2 mm. The specimens will then be polymerized using a blue light emitting diode light source from both sides of the mould. Subsequent to polymerization the samples will be removed from the mould and stored in distilled water at 37˚C for 24 hours to ensure complete polymerization prior to testing. One-way ANOVA will be used to analyse the data and ascertain statistical differences among the groups. Cention—N shows highest flexural strength but further in vivo studies need to be carried out.

Keywords: Cention N, flexural strength, Bulk-fill composites, Nanocomposites, Resin-modified glass ionomer cement.

[1]. Scientific Documentation: Cention N Ivoclar Vivadent AG Research & Development Scientific Service October 2016
[2]. Sadananda V, Bhat G, Hegde NM Comparative Evaluation Of Flexural And Compressive Strengths Of Bulk-Fill Composites ISSN Jan-Feb 2017;1(7):122-31
[3]. Abuelenain DA, Neel EAA and Al-Dharrab A. Surface and Mechanical Properties of Different Dental Composites. Austin J Dent. 2015; 2(2): 1019.
[4]. Monteiroa G, Montesb M Evaluation of Linear Polymerization Shrinkage, Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Dental Composites Materials Research. 2010; 13(1): 51-55
[5]. Mitra SB, Wu D and Holmes BN. An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2003; 134(10):1382-1390.

Abstract: Background: The analysis is a radiographic instrument that was developed directly from the philosophy expressed in Arnett and Bergman "Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, Parts I and II". The novelty of this approach, as with the "Facial Keys" articles, is an emphasis on soft tissue facial measurement. This article describes various soft tissue traits that contribute to an aesthetically pleasing face which should be considered during orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to propose soft tissue norms for Himachali population. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 100 Himachali subjects (50 males and 50 females) of age group 18-25 years were taken in Department of Orthodontics, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib and tracing of soft tissue...........

Keywords: Himachali, soft tissue traits, treatment planning.

[1]. Charles J. Burstone. Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. American Journal of Orthodontics.1967; 53(4), 262-284.
[2]. Meropi N. Spyropoulos and Demetrios J. Halazonetis. Significance of soft tissue profile on facial esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2001; 119:464-71.
[3]. William R. Proffit, Henry W. Fields and David M. Sarver. Contemporary Orthodontics. 2013;Pg: 4.
[4]. Young Chel Park and Charles J.Burstone. Soft tissue profile- Fallacies of hard tissue standards in treatment planning. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1986; 90:52-62.
[5]. G.B. Scheideman et al. Cephalometric analysis of Dentofacial Normals. Am J Orthod 1980; 78(4):404-420.

Abstract: Background: Smear layer removal and formation of stable bond between blood clot and root surface is desirable for periodontal healing, which can be achieved by using root biomodifiers. The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the root surface changes in terms of fibrin clot adhesion subsequent to the application of MTAD and EDTA. Material and methods: Thirty human single rooted teeth were collected and grouped in to Saline (control Group-I), 15% EDTA gel (Group-II), MTAD Biopure (Group- III) treatment groups containing 10 teeth in each group. After root conditioning, fresh human blood was applied to each root specimen and was allowed to clot, subsequently samples were dehydrated in graded series of ethanol and visualized under Scanning electron microscope..............

Keywords: MTAD, Fibrin clot, Root biomodification, Periodontal regeneration

[1]. Rompen EH, Goffinet GH, Nusgens B. Human periodontal ligament fibroblast behaviour on chemically conditioned dentine: An in-vitro study. J Periodontol 1999;70:1144-52.
[2]. Tandon C, Govila V, Pant VA, Meenawat A. Comparative in vitro SEM study of a novel root canal irrigant‑MTAD and conventional root biomodifiers on periodontally involved human teeth. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015;19:268-72.
[3]. Batra P, Gupta H, Bharti V, Sharma A, Kaur R. Comparison Of Efficacy Of Citric Acid And Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) As Root Conditioning Agents During Periodontal Flap Surgery-in Vivo Study. Indian Journal of Dental Sciences 2014;6:15-18.
[4]. Ghandi M, Houshmand B, Nekoofar MH, Tabor RK, Yadeghari Z, Dummer PMH. The effect of MTAD, an endodontic irrigant, on fibroblast attachment to periodontally affected root surfaces: A SEM analysis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013;17:188-92.
[5]. Houshmand B, Gandhi M, Nekoofar MH, Gholamii GA, Tabor RK, Dummer PMH. SEM Analysis of MTAD Efficacy for Smear Layer Removal from Periodontally Affected Root Surfaces. Journal of Dentistry 2011;8:157-64.