iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2020

Abstract: Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV2 pandemic, N95 masks have been widely used all over the world. These masks are recommended to be worn for longer duration by large number of people. Although wearing these N95 masks are being promoted by local, state and national authorities, the short term and long term effects of wearing these N95 masks have not been widely reported. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed to each of the 195 volunteers through google form. We were looking for subjective feelings of difficulty in breathing and other signs and symptoms of discomfort on usage of N95 masks. Around 84% volunteers said that they were wearing N95 masks on regular basis and 38.7% of the volunteers complained of shortness of breath while 48.1% complained of suffocation amongst other symptoms. Wearing N95 masks for longer duration significantly impairs the quality of life. Symptoms and signs of discomfort specially worsens on doing physical activity..

Keywords: N95 Masks, breathing difficulty, discomfort, shortness of Breath.

[1]. Sinkule EJ, Powell JB, Goss FL (2013) Evaluation of N95 Respirator Use with a Surgical Mask Cover: Effects on Breathing Resistance and Inhaled Carbon Dioxide. Ann Occup Hyg 57:384-398.
[2]. Laferty EA, McKay RT (2006) Physiologic effects and measurement of carbon dioxide and oxygen levels during qualitative respirator fit testing. J Chem Health Safety 13:22-28.
[3]. Pöyhönen M, Syväoja S, Hartikainen J, Ruokonen E, Takala J (2004) The effect of carbon dioxide, respiratory rate and tidal volume on human heart rate variability. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48: 93-101.
[4]. Li Y, Tokura H, Guo YP, et al. Effects of wearing N95 and surgical facemasks on heart rate, thermal stress and subjective sensations. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005; 78(6):501–509.
[5]. Farquharson C, Baguley K. Responding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak: Lessons learned in a Toronto emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 2003;29(3):222–228.

Abstract: Background: There has been alarming rise in the number of gallbladder calculi cases in Northeast India in past few years and this can be attributed to the fast changing life style and food habits. Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative bacillus has been recognised as a public health problem and approximately half of the world population has H.pylori infection. Recently, the bacterium has been implicated as a risk factor for various extra-intestinal diseases including hepatobiliary diseases ranging from calculous cholecystitis and primary biliary sclerosing cholangitis to gall bladder cancer and primary hepatic carcinomas.5 Hence we conducted a study with the aim to see the association of H.pylori infection in gallbladder and stomach or duodenum in patients with calculous cholecystitis and to compare Gallbladder histology in those with Gallbladder H. pylori positive and negative groups......

Key words: H.pylori, cholelithiasis, UGIE, gallbladder, antrum,duodenum, urease test

[1]. Huffman JL, Schenker S. Acute acalculous cholecystitis – a review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8(1):15–22
[2]. Goodman KJ, Cockburn M. The role of epidemiology in understanding the health effects of Helicobacter pylori. Epidemology2001;12:266–71.
[3]. Devrajani BR, Shah SZA, Soomro AA, Devrajani T. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection: A hospital based case-control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries2010;30:22–6
[4]. Devrajani BR, Zaman SM, Shah SZA, Devrajani T, Lohana RK, Das T. Helicobacter pylori: A Cause of Vitamin B12 Deficiency (A Hospital Based Multidisciplinary Study). World Appl Sci J 2011;12:1378–81.
[5]. Queiroz DMM, Santos A, Oliveira AG, Rocha GA, Moura SB,Camargo ERS, et al. Isolation of a Helicobacter strain from the human liver. Gastroenterology 2001;121:1023–4..

Abstract: The term 3D printing is used to describe a manufacturing approach that builds objects one layer at a time, adding multiple layers to form an object. This process is more correctly described as additive manufacturing, and is also referred to as rapid prototyping or Solid free form technology This technology is basically an application of Radiology in which the normal 3dimensional objects are viewed in a 2dimensional system,With the advent of this technology the 3dimensional objects are converted into 3dimensional images which are later on printed accordingly with accurate precision......

[1]. Emanuel Ambu,Rodriguez 3d Radiology In Dentistry Vol 3
[2]. Current and emerging applications of 3D printing in medicine Chya-Yan Liaw and Murat Guvendiren
[3]. RaynaT and Striukova L 2016 From rapid proto typing to home fabrication:how 3D printing is changing business model innovation Technol Forecast
[4]. Ventola CL 2014 Medical applications for 3D printing:current and projects Duses Pharma Therapeutics
[5]. Murphy SV and Atala A 2014 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs Nat.Biotechnol.

Abstract: Background: Ankle trauma is commonly encountered and is most often a sprain injury affecting the ligaments. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment rest on knowledge of complex ligamentous anatomy of ankle and the entire spectrum of pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing ligament pathologies because of its multiplanar capability and high soft tissue contrast. With MRI, it is possible to triage and attribute the cause of post traumatic ankle pain to bone, ligament, or tendon pathologies, which otherwise overlap clinically.......

Key Word: Traumatic ankle injuries, Anterior Talofibular Ligament, Deltoid Ligament, magnetic resonance imaging

[1]. Aerts P, Disler DG. Abnormalities of the foot and ankle: MR imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;165(1):119-124.
[2]. Rosenberg ZS, Beltran J, Bencardino JT. From the RSNA Refresher Courses. Radiological Society of North America. MR imaging of the ankle and foot. Radiographics 2000;20 Spec No:S153-179.
[3]. Schweitzer ME, Karasick D. MR imaging of disorders of the Achilles tendon. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175(3):613-625.
[4]. Bude RO, Adler RS, Bassett DR. Diagnosis of Achilles tendon xanthoma in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: MR vs sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994;162(4):913-917.
[5]. Mervet MA, Ibrahim TA . Egyptian journal of hospital medicine. 2017;69:2016-24..

Abstract: Background: Human resources are the livelihood of all types of organizations. The biggest challenge that organizations are facing today is not only managing these resources but also retaining them. Securing and retaining skilled employees plays an important role in any organization, because employees' knowledge and skills are central to organizations ability to be competitive. It has been observed that retention of Medical Officers of Health (MOH) in the preventive health sector has been difficult. Many Medical Officers of Health leave to the curative sector from the preventive sector. This study was carried out to investigate factors affecting retention of Medical Officers of Health in the preventive health sector. Factors; recognition, work schedule, remuneration and responsibility were identified through literature as factors influencing retention of medical officers........

Keywords: Retention, Recognition, Work Schedule, Remuneration, Responsibility

[1]. Mayhew, R. nd, Employee Retention & Satisfaction. Available at <https://work.chron.com/employee-retention-satisfaction-1307.html>
[2]. Mathimaran, K.B. Ananda Kumar A. 2017. Employee Retention Strategies – An Empirical Research, Global Journal of Management and Business Research: E Marketing, Volume 17 Issue 1
[3]. Mathis, RL, Jackson, JH. 2008. Human Resource Management, 12th Edition, Thomson South-Western, USA
[4]. Society for Human Resource Management. 2018, Managing for Employee Retention, Available at: <https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/toolkits/pages/ managingforemployeeretention.aspx>
[5]. Syptak, JM, Marsland, DW, Ulmer, D. 1999. Job Satisfaction: putting theory into practice, Fam PractManag, vol 6, no 9, pp 26-30.
[6]. Chaulagain, N, Khadka, DK. 2012. Factors influencing job satisfaction among healthcare professionals at Tilganga Eye Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal, International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research, vol 1, no11

Abstract: Primary Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a common neurological disorder, with high mortality. This prospective study was conducted on 144 primary ICH patients to assess the association of the haematoma volume with the short-tern outcome. Majority of the study subjects were >60 years of age. Hypertension was found as a risk factor in 75 percent subjects. Large haematomas (>30 cc) were associated with higher mortality and functional outcome within the first week.

Key Words: Primary intracerebral haemorrhage, Haematoma volume, Short-term outcome

[1]. Pendelbury ST, Matthew FG, Rothwell, PM 2009.Transient ischemic attack and stroke. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
[2]. Dennis MS, Burn JP, Sandercock PA, Bamford JM, Wade DT, Warlow CP. Long term survival after first week of stroke. Stroke. 1993; 24(6), 796-800.
[3]. Zia E, EngstromG, Svensson,PJ, NorrvingB, Pessah-Rasmussen H. Three-year survival and stroke recurrence rate in patients with primary intracerebral haemorrhage. Stroke. 2009;40(11): 3567-73.
[4]. Hill MD, Silver FL, Austin PC, Tu JV. Rate of stroke recurrence in patients with primary intracerebral haemorrhage. Stroke, 2000; 31(1): 123-7.
[5]. Kase CS. Vascular diseases of the nervous system : Intracerebral hemorrhage. In:Bradley WB, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J.(eds.)Neurology In Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia,USA: Elsevier; 2009.

Abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To carry out a survey to study the knowledge and awareness of management of dental traumatic emergencies among medical professionals in the city of Mumbai. To establish the need (if required) to train medical professionals to tackle dental traumatic emergencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-formulated and validated questionnaire consisting of 10 close ended questions filled out by 300 participants who were working in public hospitals with trauma centers. RESULTS: With regards to dentofacial injuries, 64% of the doctors had encountered fracture of jaws, followed by soft tissue injuries (56%) of the face and fracture of other facial bones (49.3%).58.7% of the participants had come across cases of tooth avulsion. 77.3% of the participants believed that an avulsed tooth could not be salvaged.....

Key Words:Trauma Centers Traumatology Cross-Sectional Studies Education, Medical, Continuing FacialInjuries Esthetics Surveys and Questionnaires Soft Tissue Injuries Replantation

[1]. (Andreason JO, Andreason FM. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries tothe Teeth. 4th ed. Oxford:Blackwell
[2]. Munksgaard; 2007, p.227)
[3]. Abu‐Dawoud M, Al‐Enezi B, Andersson L. Knowledge of emergency managementof avulsed teeth among young physicians and dentists. Dental Traumatology. 2007 Dec;23(6):348-55.
[4]. Andreason JO, Andreason FM. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries tothe Teeth. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2007,p.476
[5]. Andreason JO, Andreason FM. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries tothe Teeth. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2007,p.869

Abstract: Background: The literature suggests a constant angle of 7° between Frankfort Horizontal (FH) and Sella-Nasion (SN) plane. Various studies have shown that the FH-SN angulation is not always 7°; which may affect cephalometric diagnosis. There can be variation in different ethnic groups. Aim &objective: To determine the average SN-FH angle for a group of orthodontic patients from Kerala,India. The secondary objectives were to assess whether the SN-FH angle exhibits any sexual dimorphism and its variation in class I, class II and class III skeletal relation. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 72 patients (36males and 36 females) were analysed. The cephalograms were also analyzed as skeletal class I, class II and class III. The statistical analyses were made using students t- test and ANOVA analysis. p value < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: The average SN-FH angle was 6.5+2.07°. SN-FH angle was greater in female samples but was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in different skeletal classes.

Key Word: sella- nasion plane, frankfort horizontal plane, cephalograms

[1]. Nanda SK, Sassouni V. Planes of reference in roentgenographic cephalometry. Angle Orthod. 1965; 35:311–9.
[2]. Foster TD, Howat AP, Naish PJ. Variation in Cephalometric Reference Lines. Br. J.Orthod.1981; 8: 183-187
[3]. Wei SH. The variability of roentgenographic cephalometric lines of reference. Angle Orthod. 1968; 38:74–8.
[4]. Alves PVM, Mazucheli J, Patel PK, Bolognese AM. Cranial base angulation in Brazilian patients seeking orthodontic treatment. J Craniofac Surg 2008;19:334-338
[5]. Huh YJ, Huh KH, Kim HK, Nam SE, Song HY, Lee JH, et al. Constancy of the angle between the Frankfort horizontal plane and the sella-nasion line: A nine-year longitudinal study. Angle Orthod 2014;84: 286-91.

Abstract: A 40 day old male infant presented with fever, cough, breathlessness and refusal to feed for two weeks. X-ray chest showed right lung consolidation. Computed Tomography (CT) scan of chest revealed bilateral lung consolidation. Frank pus aspirated from pleural tapping showed Gram positive thin branching filaments. The specimen was processed on Blood agar and Lowenstein – Jensen medium. The colonies grown were identified as Nocardiaasteroides by microbiological techniques. After seven days of admission patient deteriorated. CT scan showed multiple brain abscesses. In spite of extensive medication, patient did not improve and finally succumbed to infection.Nocardiosis is an uncommon infection which occurs infrequently in children. Hence presenting this case due to its rarity..

Key Words: Nocardia, empyema ,nocardiosis

[1]. T.Tantracheewathorn ,S.Lolekha , S.Tantracheewathorn . Nocardia pneumonia with empyema thoracis in a healthy neonate: A case report. Journal of Medical Associations of Thailand, 87(4), 2007, 438 - 441.
[2]. Koneman EW, Procop GW, Schreckenberger PC, Woods GL, Winn WC, Allen D et al. Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th ed. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 2006.
[3]. D.Kiska ,K,Hicks , D,Pettit. Identification of Medically relevant nocardia species with an abbreviated battery of tests.Journal of Clinical Microbiology (4),2004,1346-1351.
[4]. H.Johnston,A.Shigeoka , D.Hurley , T. Pysher. Nocardia pneumonia in a neonate with chronic granulomatous disease.Paediatric Infectious DiseaseJournal,(8),1989,526-528.

Abstract: Stamp technique is a new, unique and simple method to restore carious teeth with intact occlusal anatomy with composite restoration. It duplicate the occlusal anatomy with near perfection.This technique can be used in preoperative carious teeth having intact anatomy and not much destructed due to carious lesion. In thistechnique anocclusalmatrixisfabricatedfromanunhinderedocclusalsurfaceoftoothwithanintentiontoreproduceprecise tooth like restoration.so that it helps in regaining the original contact and contour of the tooth with an accurate functional occlusion. This procedure takes less time with more accuracy and also the time required for finishing and polishing is minimized..

Key Words: Composite restoration, stamp technique, occlusal anatomy.

[1]. AlshehadatSA,HalimMS,Carmen,FungCSThestamptechniquefordirectclassIIcompositerestorations:A case series. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:490-3.
[2]. Geena Mary, Ambily Jayadevan. Microbrush stamp technique to achieve occlusal topography for composite resin restorations- A Technical Report. Journal of Scientific Dentistry 2016;6:76-82
[3]. Nishad SV1 and Utsav Sharma2Stamp technique for posterior composite restorations-A case report. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences olume 17, Issue 8 Ver. 12 (August.2018), Sharma Shikha. "Biomimetic Dentistry using Stamp Technique for Direct Posterior Composite Restorations: A Case Report". Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 3.9 (2019):69-73.;
[4]. DileyDC,VannWFJr.,OldenburgTR,CrispRM.Timerequiredforplacementofcompositeversusamalgam restorations. ASDC J Dent Child 1990;57:177-83
[5]. Jose Guilherme Ferrer Pompeu, Rhoana Coelho Morais. Occlusal stamp technique for direct resin composite restoration: A Clinical Case Report. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 2016;7:12427-30

Abstract: Background: Fetal Biometry can be used to estimate gestational age. An exact method to find out gestational age is measurement of Crown rump length (CRL) in the first trimester of pregnancy and Bi-parietal diameter (BPD) in second trimester , so gestational age in present study was calculated with respect to Bi-parietal diameter, Femur length and Crown rump length using Hadlock's formulae. Material and Methods: The study was undertaken on 200 human foetuses amongst the women attending antenatal clinic, who came for routine obstetric ultrasonography in MMIMSR, Mullana Distt. Ambala , Haryana and the collected data was analysed at GMC, Amritsar, afterwards. Results: The mean of total age of the sample studied was 26.21 years with standard deviation of ±4.27.. The total mean of parity of the sample studied was 0.64 with standard deviation of ±0.76. Mean gestational age of cases studied was 20.68 weeks with standard deviation.......

Key Words: Ultrasound, Bi-parietal diameter, Crown rump length, Femur length, Gestational age

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