iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2020

Abstract: Objective: The pneumoperitoneum caused during laparoscopic surgeries by the insufflation of carbon dioxide is known to cause significant changes in arterial blood gas values and in the haemodynamics. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of pneumoperitoneum on haemodynamics and arterial blood gas parameters in hypertensive and normotensive groups. Methods:After getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval number MGIMS/IEC/ANAE/64/2014 dated 14th November 2014), 30 hypertensive patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were considered as cases with 30 normotensive......

Key Word: haemodynamic changes, laparoscopic surgery, arterial blood gas (ABG), pneumoperitoneum

[1]. O'Malley, C. and A.J. Cunningham, Physiologic changes during laparoscopy. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, 2001. 19(1): p. 1-19.
[2]. Walder, A. and A. Aitkenhead, Role of vasopressin in the haemodynamic response to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. British journal of anaesthesia, 1997. 78(3): p. 264-266.
[3]. Joris, J.L., et al., Hemodynamic changes induced by laparoscopy and their endocrine correlates: effects of clonidine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1998. 32(5): p. 1389-1396.
[4]. Perrin, M. and A. Fletcher, Laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain, 2004. 4(4): p. 107-110.
[5]. Shobhana, G. and M. Hina Gadani, Patel Mita Comparative Clinical Study of Preinsufflation versus Postdesufflation Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Laparoscopic Surgeries. The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology, 2010. 25(1).

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is well known that Covid 19 pandemic had significant impact on the lives of people worldwide and anxiety, depression, stress, lack of adequate antenatal care can have significant adverse pregnancy outcome. BACKGROUND:to look for any significant increase in incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcome during covid 19 pandemic METHODS: the study was conducted in one of the busiest hospitals of Jorhat, Assam. It is a hospital based case control observational study. Babies born during the COVID 19 pandemic were enrolled as cases and one year before the pandemic were enrolled as controls. Maternal factors(PIH, premature delivery, PROM and foetal distress) and foetal factors(low birth weight, small for gestational age) were studied in both the groups. Data was analysed statistically using SPSS.16.....

Keywords: COVID19 pandemic, anxiety, stress, pregnant women, low birth weight

[1]. 994. 1)Dunkel Schetter, C. and Tanner, L., 2012. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, [online] 25(2), pp.141-148. Available at: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447112/>.
[2]. Leight, K., Fitelson, E., Weston, C. and Wisner, K., 2010. Childbirth and mental disorders. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(5), pp.453-471.
[3]. Liang, Y., 2020. The Effect of COVID-19 on Anxiety, Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Psychosocial Determinants. SSRN Electronic Journal,.
[4]. Mizrak Sahin, B. and Kabakci, E., 2020. The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study. Women and Birth,.
[5]. Rasmussen, S., Smulian, J., Lednicky, J., Wen, T. and Jamieson, D., 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222(5), pp.415-426.

Abstract: Background: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is the treatment of choice for hydrocephalus that provides a rapid means of normalizing intracranial pressure and prevents neuronal damage. Infection is a frequent complication of neurosurgical procedures that ranges from 2-27% with high morbidity and substantial mortality. The preferred treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) shunt infections involves intravenous antimicrobial therapy. The aim of the present study is to identify the bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility in CSF samples of VP shunt patients.161 CSF samples from 125 VP shunt patients received at Microbiology laboratory, Osmania General Hospital from May 2018 to January 2019 were immediately processed for microscopic examination...

Key words: Cerebrospinal Fluid, Hydrocephalus, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Gram's Stain, Gram positive isolates.

[1]. Yenis Gutierrez-Murgasa and Jessica N. Snowdena,b Ventricular shunt infections: Immunopathogenesis and clinical management. J Neuroimmunol. 2014 Nov 15; 276(0): 1–8.
[2]. Park MK, Kim M, Park KS, Park SH, Hwang JH, Hwang SK. A Retrospective Analysis of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Revision Cases of a Single Institute. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015;57(5):359-363.
[3]. Kaufman BA, Mc Lone DG. Infection of cerebrospinal fluid shunts, In : Infection of the central nervous system, Scheld WM, Whitley RJ, Durack DT (Editors). Raven press: New York; 1991. p. 561-85
[4]. Owen R, Pittman T. Delayed external ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. J Ky Med Assoc. 2004 Aug;102(8):349-52. PMID: 15384385.
[5]. Sarguna P, Lakshmi *V. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 24, No. 1, January-March, 2006, pp. 52-54...

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the development of micro cracks in radicular dentin by twisted file Adaptive, Wave One & Protaper Universal systems. Materials and Methods: 70 single rooted, freshly extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks with simulated periodontal ligaments.The root canals were instrumented by using Twiated file adaptive, Waveone instrument and Protaper universal system.All the specimen were cut perpendicular at 9, 6, 3 mm from the apex & observed under stereomicroscope at 25 x magnification for presence of dentinal crack. Results: The Twisted file adaptive group showed significantly less incomplete crack in comparison with the Protaper group and Wave One group in apical......

Keywords- Twisted file adaptive,Waveone instrument,protaper universal system,Microcrack

[1]. Burklein S, Tsotsis P, Sch€afer E. Incidence of dentinal defectsafter root canal preparation: reciprocating versus rotary instrumentation. J Endod 2013; 39:501–4.
[2]. Tamse A, Fuss Z, Lustig J, Kaplavi J.An evaluation of endodontically treated vertically fractured teeth. J Endod 1999;25:506–8.
[3]. 3.Kansal R,Rajput A,Talwar S, Roongta R, and Verma M.Assessment of dentinal damage during canal preparation using Reciprocating and Rotary Files. J Endod 2014; 40(9):1443-1446.
[4]. Karatas E, Gündüz H , Kırıcı D, Arslan H, Topçu M, Yeter K . Dentinal Crack Formation during Root Canal Preparations by the Twisted File Adaptive, ProTaper Next,ProTaper Universal, and WaveOne Instruments.J Endod 2015;41(2):261-264.
[5]. Capar ID, Arslan H, AkcayM, Uysal B. Effects of ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and HyFlex instruments on crack formation in dentin. J Endod 2014; 40:1482–4.

Abstract: Objective: Dental caries is an infectious bacterial disease that has plagued human beings for centuries. Streptococcus mutans has been recognized to play a major role in causation of dental caries. Various anti-Microbial agents that act against Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans) have been developed but most of them have other side effects. Thus new biomaterials with lower cost and higher biocompatibility should be explored to fight Streptococcus mutans. Naringenins from citrus plants such as grapefruits are found to be effective against pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of naringenins on the growth of Streptococcus mutans METHODOLOGY: The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of naringenin against Streptococcus mutans was determined using standard broth dilution method.A twenty four hour growth curve assay was then performed.......

Keywords: Naringenin, Streptococcus mutans, antibacterial effect, Dental caries

[1]. Marsh, P.D. Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes? Microbiology-Sgm. 2003, 149, 279-294.
[2]. Pitten, F.A., and Kramer, A. (1999). Antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinse solutions. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 55, 95–100.
[3]. Besinis A, De Peralta T, Handy RD. The antibacterial effects of silver, titanium dioxide and silica dioxide nanoparticles compared to the dental disinfectant chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans using a suite of bioassays. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8: 1-16
[4]. Buffet-Bataillon S, Tattevin P, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Jolivet-Gougeon A. Emergence of resistance to antibacterial agents: the role of quaternary ammonium compounds--a critical review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 39: 381-389.
[5]. Mai J ,Tian XL , Gallant JW, Merkley N, Biswas Z, Syvitski R,et al. A novel target-specific, salt-resistant antimicrobial peptide against the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 5205-5213.

Abstract: Background: Intersphincteric resection (ISR) has swiftly increased worldwide together with open and laparoscopic technique. Though, there are some concerns for which effect is minor among the two procedures in relations to postoperative result such as operative time, blood loss, lymph node resected etc. Similarly there are other concerns for the explanation of ISR, surgical practice, oncological result, anal function, and quality of life. Objective: The aim of this article is to study the effects between laparoscopic and open intersphinteric resection for low rectal cancer. Method: A computer-based....

Keywords: Intersphincteric resection, Open, Laparoscopic, Rectal cancer, Neoplasm

[1]. Schiessel, R., et al., Intersphincteric resection for low rectal tumours. 1994. 81(9): p. 1376-1378.
[2]. Rullier, E., et al., Intersphincteric resection with excision of internal anal sphincter for conservative treatment of very low rectal cancer. 1999. 42(9): p. 1168-1175.
[3]. Shirouzu, K., et al., A new ultimate anus-preserving operation for extremely low rectal cancer and for anal canal cancer. 2003. 7(3): p. 203-206.
[4]. Saito, N., et al., Early results of intersphincteric resection for patients with very low rectal cancer: an active approach to avoid a permanent colostomy. 2004. 47(4): p. 459-466.
[5]. Köhler, A., et al., Long-term results of low anterior resection with intersphincteric anastomosis in carcinoma of the lower one-third of the rectum. 2000. 43(6): p. 843-850..

Abstract: Scrotal sparing surgery is the term I have given to a procedure which we have developed during years of my career. Scrotoplasty means reconstruction of scrotum. This is done in cases of loss of scrotum.This problem I found occasionally in patients suffering from Fournier's gangrene and scrotal filariasis. Another cause is accidental avulsion of scrotum by agriculture machine. Both these conditions are found in our country, which is a tropical one. Because of hot and humid weather and subnormal personal hygiene, Fournier's gangrene is relatively common in our country. The prevalence of diabetes is also high . This is a risk factor for Fournier's gangrene. Some of them are so extensive that there is loss of total scrotum. Machinary injury also produce same condition. The final result is two bare testes with spermatic cord attached to them. How this problem can be solved? There are three options:-

[1]. Flaps, IAN A. McGREGOR in FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES OF PLASTIC SURGERY Eighth Edition (1989) P: 93-95.
[2]. The testis and scrotum : in Bailey & Love's Short Practice of surgery :23 rd edition (2000) p1280-1281
[3]. Fournier's Gangrene : Vernon M Pais, jr, MD , chief editor. Medscape, updated. Nov 16, 2015
[4]. Fournier's gangrene : Wikipedia the free encyclopedia: https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>fourm.

Abstract: Objective. The objective of the study was to evaluate the perceptions towards mental illness and the mentally ill by the community in Bungoma County, Kenya. Design. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and Quantitative methods were adopted. Setting. The study was carried out in Bungoma County Sample. Five Sub-Counties in Bungoma County were purposively sampled to increase the representation. The household's heads were sampled by stratified sampling; the researcher divided the population into strata and drew a predetermined number using simple random sampling (n = 396) Analysis. Data wasanalyzed through descriptive statistics and regression. Main outcome measures. Attitude towards the mentally ill Results. From the results, 69.7% (276) of the......

Keywords: Bungoma, Kenya, Mental health, Mental illness, Attitude towards mental illness, public knowledge, sensitization, stigma, myths of mental illness.

[1]. Adebowale,T.O. &Ogunlesi, A.O. (2010). Beliefs and knowledge about etiology of mental illness among Nigeria Psychiatric Patients and their relatives. Afr J M SG, 28, 34-41.
[2]. Alonso, S, &Kapral, R. (2015). Effective Medium theory for reaction and diffusion co-efficient of heterogeneous systems. doi:10.1103/phs Rev Lett 102: 238302.
[3]. Angermeyer, M, Holzinger, A; &Matscchinger, H. (2009). Mental health literacy and attitudes towards people with mental illness, a trend analysis based on population surveys in the eastern part of German.doi:1016/j. eorpsy. 2015.07.0010.
[4]. Baruch, Y., & Holton, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human Relations, 61(8), 1139-1160.
[5]. Benedicto, M., Mndeme, E., Mwakagile, D. S. M., &Tumbwene, E. (2016). Community Knowledge , Attitudes and Perception towards Mental Illness in Dodoma Municipality , Tanzania, 1(3), 10–18.

Abstract: In Mexico, cancer is the third cause of death and according to estimates by the Union for International Cancer Control, each year more than 128,000 cases of Mexicans are added. Patients who have recovered from cancer, especially during childhood, have an association of dental complications such as caries, dental development abnormalities including agenesis, microdontia, short roots or enamel defects, which can occur in different stages of cancer or once the treatment is completed. In the ages when orthodontic treatment should start, between 5 and 14 years, it is shown that leukemia (26%), tumors of the central nervous system (27.8%) and lymphomas (17%) predominate among cancers. That is why the orthodontist must have communication not only with the patient and his parents but with the entire medical team.

Keywords:Cancer Effect・ Radiotherapy ・ Orthodontic Care・ Dentistry ・ Dental Effects

[1]. Boyer, É., G. Robert, V. Gandemer, and M. Bonnaure-Mallet. 2017. "Orthodontic Strategies in Pediatric Oncology." Journal of Dentofacial Anomalies and Orthodontics 20(1): 104.
[2]. Busenhart, Dan Mike et al. 2018. "Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy on the Teeth and Surrounding Tissues of Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis." Oral Oncology 83(May): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.06.001.
[3]. Çetiner, Deniz et al. 2019. "Oral and Dental Alterations and Growth Disruption Following Chemotherapy in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Malignancies." Supportive Care in Cancer 27(5): 1891–99. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00520-018-4454-0.
[4]. Gawade, Prasad L et al. 2014. "A Systematic Review of Dental Late Effects in Survivors of Childhood Cancer." Pediatric Blood & Cancer 61(3): 407–16. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/pbc.24842.
[5]. Javed, Fawad et al. 2010. "Implant Survival Rate after Oral Cancer Therapy: A Review." Oral Oncology 46(12): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.10.004.

Abstract: Background:The specific aim of this study was to estimate the total discounted value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 in Germany as of 8 November 2020 𝑇𝑉𝐻𝐿𝐺𝐸𝑅𝑀𝐴𝑁𝑌 . Materials and Methods: The human capital approach (HKA) model was applied in calculating the total value of the 11,435 human lives losses associated with COVID-19 in Germany as of 8 November 2020. The model was rerun five times. First, using a discount rate of 3% and the German mean life expectancy of 81.88 years. Second, using a discount rate of 5% instead of 3%, while holding Germany's mean life expectancy constant. Third, employing a discount rate of 10%, while holding Germany's mean life expectancy constant. Fourth, applying the global mean life expectancy of 73.2 years, while holding the discount rate constant at 3%. Fifth, utilizing the world's..

Keywords: Coronavirus Disease; COVID-19; Gross Domestic Product; Value of Human Life

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[2]. International Monetary Fund [MF]. IMF World Economic Outlook Database. [October 2020 Edition]. [Internet].Available from: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October. Accessed 8 November 2020.
[3]. United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. Human Development Report 2019: Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: inequalities in human development in the 21st century empowered lives. New York: UNDP; 2019.
[4]. European Commission. State of health in the EU: Germany country health profile 2019. Brussels: European Union; 2019. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/publications/germany-country-health-profile-2019-36e21650-en.htm. Accessed 8 November 2020.
[5]. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, Agha M, Agha R. The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. International Journal of Surgery. 2020; 78: 185-193. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.

Abstract: Pacemaker implantation is a high risk procedure that always have the possibility of complications. Although the surgical procedure itself have a high risk for patient, anticoagulant drugs which were used after the procedure and patient-related factors play a role in this process.In this study, we aimed to present a complicated case with hemothorax, contralateral atelectasis, and large hematoma-induced tissue defect after a pacemaker implantation procedure in a patient with a history of contact with the COVID-19 virus.According to the literature, this case may be the first COVID-19 positive patient with a pacemaker to encounter multiple complications in this way.

Key words: Cardiac Pacemaker, COVID-19, Complication.

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[3]. Poole JE, Gleva MJ, Mela T, Chung MK, Uslan DZ, Borge R., et al. Complication rates associated with pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacements and upgrade procedures: results from the REPLACE registry. Circulation. 2010;122(16):1553–61.
[4]. Zuckier LS, Moadel RM, Haramati LB, Freeman LM. Diagnostic Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Nucl Med. 2020 May;61(5):630-31.
[5]. Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020..