iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: Objectives- Treatment by percutaneous biliary drainage and stenting plays an important role in the management of the patients of obstructive biliary pathologies presenting in poor general condition and inoperable state. Drainage or stenting in patients with malignant biliary obstruction not only can relieve the symptoms and signs of obstructive jaundice but also optimizes the patient's condition for surgical resection or for receiving palliative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, bringing about an improvement in their quality of life, even if only for a matter of weeks or months. In this study we have retro-spectively evaluated the efficiency of percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent implantation in management of obstructive biliary pathologies presented in our institute......

KEYWORDS:- Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; Internal external drainage; Self expandable metallic stents; Malignant biliary obstruction; Magnetic compression anastomosis

[1]. Pomerantz BJ. Biliary tract interventions. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 12(2), 162–170(2009).
[2]. Stoeckel D, Pelton A, Duerig T. Selfexpanding nitinol stents: material and design considerations. Eur. Radiol. 14(2), 292–301(2004).
[3]. Moss AC, Morris E, Leyden J, MacMathuna P. Do the benefits of metal stents justify the costs? A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials comparing endoscopic stents for malignant biliary obstruction. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19(12), 1119–1124(2007).
[4]. Krokidis M, Fanelli F, Orgera G et al. Percutaneous palliation of pancreatic head cancer: randomized comparison of ePTFE/FEP-covered versus uncovered nitinol biliary stents. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 34(2),352–361 (2011).
[5]. Van der Gaag NA, Rauws EA, van Eijck CH et al. Preoperative biliary drainage for cancer of the head of the pancreas. New Engl. J. Med. 362(2),129–137 (2010).

Abstract: Vaginal discharge may be a subjective complaint or an objective finding. Patients may complain of excessive secretions, abnormally coloured or textured secretions, or malodorous secretions. In the absence of a complaint, the examiner may note abnormal secretions (symptomatic to the patient). We sought to study prevalence of common aerobic bacteria, parasitic and fungal pathogens in abnormal vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge was collected in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and processed in the Department of Microbiology, IIMS&R, Lucknow from January 1ST2017 to June 30th 2017. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed by Nugent's scoring system and......

Key words: Abnormal vaginal flora, Bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, vaginal discharge

[1]. Patel V, Pednekar S, Weiss H, Rodeigues M, Barros P, Naya k B et al. Why do women complain of vaginal discharge? A population survey of infectious and psychological risk factors in a South Asian community. Intl J Epidemiol 2005;34:853-62.
[2]. Kumar P V &Padmaja P. Reproductive Tract Infections – Clinicoepidemiological Study Among Women Attending Tertiary Health Care Center, Ananthapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh. IOSR J of Dent and Med Sci (IOSR-JDMS) 2016;15(4):61-65.
[3]. Rao P, Devi S, Shriyan A, Rajaram M, Jagdishchandra K. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a rural setup: comparison of clinical algorithm, smear scoring and culture by semi quantitative technique. Ind J Med Microbiol 2004;22:47–50.
[4]. Mashburn J. Etiology, diagnosis, and management of vaginitis.J Midwifery Womens Health 2006;51(6):423-43.
[5]. Patel V, Weiss HA, Mabey D, West B, D'Souza S, Patil V, Nevrekar P, Gupte S, Kirkwood BR. The burden and determinants of reproductive tract infections in India: a population based study of women in Goa, India. Sex Transm Infect 2006;82:243–49.

Abstract: Anemia is a global problem of immense health significance affecting persons of all ages and economic groups. It is ranked as the most common chronic malady mankind has ever suffered. Approximately 1500 million people, i.e. 30% of the world population suffers from iron deficiency state. It is more common in developing countries like India. 30-50% of pregnant ladies and 60-80% of school going children are reported to be iron deficient.1 Normal hemoglobin and hematocrit vary substantially with age and sex. Anemia in childhood is defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration below cut off levels established by the World Health Organization:2......

[1]. Nitin K Shah, Himani Manchanda, MR Lokeshwar. Clinical Approach to a Child with Anemia.In : anupam Sachdev, SP yadav,editor.practical pediatric hematology.2 nd edition.Jaypee publications.2012;p.15.
[2]. WHO Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of Anemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011 (WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.1);page 3.
[3]. Manchanda SS and HL Khanna. Severe Anemias in children. Ind J Child Health. 1962; 11:463.
[4]. Goel RG, MK Bhan, Shafiza Azami, Rahima Ahary and RN Srivastava. A study of severe Anemia in hospitalized children in Afghanistan. Ind. Ped. 1981; 18:643.
[5]. Patel BD, Parekh JG, Jhala HJ and Suraiya GC. Anemia in infants & children. Ind J Child Health. 1960; 9:1

Abstract: The concept of Quality of Life is considered a useful adjunct to concepts of health and functional status. An ideal health assessment, therefore, would include a measure of the person's physical health, a measure of physical, social and psychological functioning, and a measure of quality of life. Such an assessment would cover key physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains of life. In this paper the physical domains of quality of life like "enjoyment of food, mouth opening, speech, sensation of lips and tongue, appearance, pain, level of sickness, interference with daily activities" were assessed using PoSSe scale. We compared the effect of reinforcement of post- operative instructions following third molar surgery with a pamphlet and again through phone on the second day of surgery with a control group to whom routine instructions were given. Reinforcing post-operative instructions was found to be a useful intervention that could easily improve the quality of life (QoL) following 3rd molar surgery..

[1]. M. Colorado-Bonnin, E. Valmaseda-Castello ´ n, L. Berini-Ayte ´ s, C. Gay-Escoda: Quality of life following lower third molar removal. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2006; 35: 343–347.
[2]. D. A. Ruta, E. Bissias, S. Ogston, G. R. Ogden: Assessing health outcomes after extraction of third molars: the postoperative symptom severity (PoSSe) scale; British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (2000) 38, 480–487
[3]. D. A. Ruta, E. Bissias,* S. Ogston,† G. R. Ogden. Assessing health outcomes after extraction of third molars: the postoperative symptom severity (PoSSe) scale. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (2000) ; 38(): 480–487.
[4]. Wilke RJ, Burke LB, Erickson P. Measuring treatment impact: a review of patient-reported outcomes and other efficacy endpoints in approved product labels. Control Clin Trials 2004;25:535–52.
[5]. Tschiesner UM, Rogers SN, Harreus U, Berghaus A, Cieza A. Comparison of outcome measures in head and neck cancer—literature review 2000–2006.Head Neck 2009;31(February (2)):251–9 [review]..

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver leading to permanent liver damage including liver cirrhosis or Hepato-cellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B infection is a major health hazard throughout the world and Health-care workers mainly nursing personnel are at a high-risk of acquiring the disease as they are in regular contact with the patients. The Hepatitis-B vaccine is highly safe and effective, and prevents HBV infection and its serious consequences. This study is done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practicesregarding Hepatitis-B among nursing students. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on nursing students of College of Nursing, SVBP Hospital, Meerut. Nursing students of all four years who were present and given consent on the day of data collection were recruited for......

Key Word: Hepatitis-B, Hepatitis-B vaccine, Hepatitis-B virus (HBV), nursing students

[1]. Nalli SK, Sinha T, Arora G, Khan QH. A study on knowledge attitude and practices related to hepatitis B infection among nursing students of government nursing college, Jagdalpur, Bastar, Chhattisgarh. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2017;4(9):3407-12.
[2]. Sannathimmappa MB, Nambiar V, Arvindakshan R. Hepatitis B: Knowledge and awareness among preclinical year medical students. Avicenna J Med. 2019;9(2):43-7.
[3]. World Health Organization. Global hepatitis report. 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-B/WHO.
[4]. Reang T, Chakraborty T, Sarker M, Tripura A. A study of knowledge and practice regarding Hepatitis B among nursing students attending tertiary care hospitals in Agartala city. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015;3(7):1641-9.
[5]. Mahore R, Mahore SK, Mahore N, Awasthi R. A study to assess knowledge and awareness about the hepatitis b and c among nursing college students of central india. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2015;4(29):5033-39...

Abstract: Background and Aim:Cervical spine surgery induce severe pain, that if not controlled may cause delayed recovery and longer hospital stay. Many methods and drugs are used to control postoperative pain.Present studyto know the effect of continuous low dose ketamine and dexmedetomidine on fentanyl consumption and analgesic effect after cervical spine surgery. Method: A total62 patients of ASA I or II, aged 20-70 yrs, both sexes, scheduled for cervical spine surgery received either inj. ketamine 0.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 2 μg/kg/min infusion intraoperatively and inj. dexmedetomidine 0.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.3 μg/kg/hr infusion intraoperatively, that continued for 24hr postoperatively. Fentanyl was given through IV PCA postoperatively, programmed to deliver as basal infusion at the rate of 0.5 μg/kg/hr, and 0.5 μg/kg bolus on patient's demand with 6 min lockout period, for 48hr postoperatively. Pain......

Key Word: Ketamine, Dexmedetomidine, Cervical spine surgery, IV PCA, Postoperative analgesia

[1]. Naik BI, Nemergut EC, Kazemi A, Fernández L, Cederholm SK, McMurry TL, and Marcel Durieux E; The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Pain After Major Spine Surgery, AnesthAnalg 2016;122:1646–53
[2]. Grass JA; Patient-Controlled Analgesia. AnesthAnalg 2005; 101: S44-S61.
[3]. Mirkheshti A, Moghadam M J, Taheri M, Farzam T, and Memary E; Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion during orthopedic surgery on postoperative analgesic consumption in opioid addict patients; A randomized clinical trial;Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2008 June;7(2):e62321
[4]. Zhang B, Wang G, Liu X, Wang TL and Chi P; The opioid sparing effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone infusion during open hepatectomy: A randomized controlled trial; Frontier in Pharmacology/January 2018; Volume 8, Article 940
[5]. Subramaniam, Kathievel, Subramaniam, Balachundhar, Steinbrook, Richard A; Ketamine as adjuvant analgesic to opioids: A quantitative and qualitative systemic review; Anesthesia & Analgesia: August 2004; Volume 99, Issue2-p 482-495.

Abstract: The present outbreak of the Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) caused due to the virus SARS-CoV-2 constitutes a public health emergency of global concern. Symptoms of COVID-19 infection include fever, cough, and acute respiratory disease, with severe cases leading to pneumonia, kidney failure and even death. This disease shows human to-human transmission and display signs and symptoms of fever, and acute respiratory disease, which further can lead to pneumonia, kidney failure, and even death. Since dentists work in close proximity to the patients and their oral cavities, it is quite crucial for the dentists to undertake appropriate prevention and infection control measures to avoid the spread of the virus. This review tries to give an......

Key Word: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Dentists, SARS-CoV-2, Infection control.

[1]. Hussin A. Rothana, S. N. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
[2]. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
[3]. Xiaowei Li, M. G. (n.d.). Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19.
[4]. De Wilde AH, Snijder EJ, Kikkert M, van Hemert MJ. Host factors in coronavirus replication. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2018;419:1-42. doi:10.1007/82_2017
[5]. Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, et al. Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in 2 humans and its potential bat origin. bioRxiv, January 23, 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome is an age related generalized disorder involving abnormal production or turnover of extra-cellular matrix in ocular tissues, orbital tissues, skin and visceral organs. The exact etiopathogenesis of this condition and chemical composition of the material still remains unknown. Materials and Methods:It was a prospective observational study conducted in Associated Hospital, Government Medical College, Baramulla from January 2019 to December 2019. 124 patients having cataract and PEX and who were above 50 years of age were included in the study. Those having complicated cataract, trauma and with previous surgery were excluded.All patients were admitted on the previous day of surgery. Detailed examination of eye was done including visual acuity assessment, slit lamp examination gonioscopy, funduscopy and IOP measurement.The presence of PEX material was confirmed by looking for white, fluffy, fibrillar or granular material at the pupillary margin or on the anterior lens surface after pupillarydilatation. Cataract type was classified as nuclear, cortical.....

Key Word: Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome, cataract, gonioscopy, funduscopy and IOP

[1]. Schlotzer-Schrehardt et al. "pseudoexfoliation syndrome-ocular manifestation of a systemic disorder?" Archives of ophthalmology, 1992; 110(12) 1752-1756.
[2]. Asano N, Schlotze-Scherhardt, Naumann GO. "A histo-pathological study of iris changes in Pseudoexfoliation", Ophthalmology, 1996; 102: 1279 –1290.
[3]. M. Bruce Shield's Text book of Glaucoma, 5th edition, LippincottWilliams &Wilkins, Philadelphia.
[4]. Tarkkanen A, Forsius H, eds. Exfoliation syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol 1988; 66(suppl. 184): 1.
[5]. Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Naumann G O, Kuchle M. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome for the comprehensive ophthalmologist. Intraocular and systemic manifestations. Ophthalmology, 1998; 105: 951-68..

Abstract: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a serious, rare but life-threatening condition of the liver and requires immediate and aggressive medical interventions. Patients with BCS often have predisposing multiple prothrombotic factors for development of the disease. The epidemiology of BCS in the West and Asian countries differs greatly due to the various epidemiological characteristics in each of these regions. Recent studies suggest that a step wise strategical treatment approach have proven to have an excellent 5-year survival rate. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting and percutaneous transhepatic balloon angioplasty are the effective options in patients with hepatic obstruction. Orthotopic liver transplantation will be invariably required for those patients who are unresponsive to revascularization and TIPS. Other medical interventions are aimed at controlling further development of ascites and reducing the extent of thrombi in the hepatic veins and IVC. This review seeks to summarize the salient aspects of this medical condition and the various presentations seen with it.

[1]. Aydinli M, Bayraktar Y. Budd-Chiari syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(19):2693-2696. doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i19.2693.
[2]. Faisal Khan, Homoyon Mehrzad, Dhiraj Tripathi. Timing of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent-shunt in Budd–Chiari Syndrome: A UK Hepatologist's Perspective. J Transl Int Med. 2018 Sep; 6(3): 97-104.
[3]. Janssen H. L. A., Garcia-Pagan J.-C., Elias E., Mentha G., Hadengue A., Valla D.-C. Budd-Chiari syndrome: a review by an expert panel. Journal of Hepatology. 2003;38(3):364-371. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00434-8.
[4]. Zhang W, Qi X, Zhang X, et al. Budd-Chiari Syndrome in China: A Systematic Analysis of Epidemiological Features Based on the Chinese Literature Survey. Gastroenterol Res Pract.2015:738548. doi:10.1155/2015/738548.
[5]. Liu L, Qi XS, Zhao Y, Chen H, Meng XC, Han GH. Budd-Chiari syndrome: current perspectives and controversies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(15):3273-3281.

Abstract: Myopia is a major threat for vision health across the world. It is responsible for around 75% of refraction related complications with serious social and economic consequences. Patients with severe forms of myopia or high myopia are more susceptible to ocular abnormalities such as lacquer cracks, retinal detachment, chorioretinal atrophy and glaucoma. Simple myopia is due to variation within normal limits of the optical system. Materials and methods:A total of 100 myopic subjects (200 eyes) age group 6-60 years were examined and the axial lengths of these eyes were determined using A-scan Ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was done with Mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation coefficient.......

Keywords: A scan biometry,Axial length, Fundus changes, Myopia, Refractive error

[1]. Meng W, Butterworth J,MalecazeF, CalvasP.Axial length of myopia:a review of current research.Ophthalmologica.2011;225(3):127-34
[2]. The impact of myopia and high myopia: report of the Joint World Health Organization–Brien Holden Vision Institute Global Scientific Meeting on Myopia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 16–18 March 2015
[3]. Sheeladevi S, Seelam B, Nukella PB, Borah RR, Ali R, Keay L. Prevalence of refractive errors, uncorrected refractive error, and presbyopia in adults in India: A systematic review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019;67:583-92
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[5]. Curtin BJ, Karlin DB. Axial length measurements and fundus changes of the myopic eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 1971; 71: 42-53.