iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is at a pandemic proportion. Upper respiratory tracts are primarily the reservoir from which the virus spreads down to affect the lower airway or the gastrointestinal tracts. Emphasy should therefore be placed on concerted treatment of all contacts using hypertonic saline, antihistamine, leukotriene antagonist and steroid nasal spray to reduce viral load burden in the upper airway and strengthening of the mucosal integrity.

[1]. Contran, Kuman, Collins: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease
[2]. J. Xu et al (2020). Salivary Gland: Potential Reservoir for COVID-19 Asymptomatic Infection Journal of Dental Research
[3]. Wang, W. K. et al (2004). Detection of SARS Associated Coronavirus in throat wash and saliva in early diagnosis. EmergInfec Disease (10(7): 1213-1219
[4]. Clinical Characteristics of coronavirus Disease 2019 in China NEngl J. Med 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa 2002032
[5]. Hypertonic Saliva Nasal Irrigation. www.med.urnich.edu.https://thefederallist.com

Abstract: Bardet – biedl syndrome(BBS)is a raregeneticdisorderwith autosomal recesiiveinheritance. Its incidence ranges from 1 :1,60,000in Northern Europe to 1 :13,500 in African population. It was first describedin1866 by ophthalmologist Lawrence and Moon and latersimilarcaseswerereported by Bardet and Biedl. The two syndromes Lawrence- Moon and Bardet – Biedl are considered to have overlappingphenotypes and wereprevioslytogethercoined as Lawrence-Moon-Bardet- Biedl syndrome. BBS typicallydevelopes over the first decade of life and presents in latechildhood or earlyadulthood. The variousclinicalfeaturesinclude post axial polydactylyassociatedwithsyndactyly and /or brachydactyly, obesity, rod-cone dystrophies, renalabnormalities, hypogonadism, developmentaldelay and cognitive impairement and speech delay. A case of BBS usually presents to the ophthalmologist with complaints......

Keywords: Bardet Biedl syndrome, autosomal recessive, rod cone dystrophy

[1]. Sathya Priya1, Sheela Nampoothiri2, Parveen Sen3, S Sripriya4 ,Bardet–Biedl syndrome: Genetics, molecular pathophysiology, and disease management, IJO November 2016
[2]. Laurence JZ, Moon RC. Four cases of "retinitis pigmentosa' occurring in the same family, and accompanied by general imperfections ofdevelopment. Obes Res. 1995;3:400–403.
[3]. Bardet G. On congenital obesity syndrome with polydactyly and retinitis pigmentosa (a contribution to the study of clinical forms of hypophyseal obesity) Obes Res. 1995;3:387–399.
[4]. Biedl A. A pair of siblings with adiposo-genital dystrophy. Obes Res. 1995;3:404.
[5]. Elizabeth Forsythe1 and Philip L Beales1, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Eur J Hum Genet. 2013 Jan
[6]. Hamel CP. Cone rod dystrophies. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007

Abstract: Background: Otoscleosis is common cause of conductive hearing loss in middle age group females. Microscopic and endoscopic stapedotomy surgical procedures or approaches are being practiced by ENT surgeons which are cost effective ,on the other hand safer post surgically The aim of the study is to analyse surgical and audiological outcomes of endoscopic stapedotomy. Material and methods This is a study of 30 patients aged between 18 to 60 years over a period of three years having features of otosclerosis with hearing loss who under went endoscopic stapedotomy . preoperative and postoperative air-bone gap were compared....

Keywords: - Stapedotomy,otosclerosis,Endoscopic, ABG,SND

[1]. Toynbee i: Case of complete bony ankylosis of the stapes to the fenestra ovalis. Trans PatholSos London 4:253, 1853
[2]. Shea JJ Jr. Fenestration of the oval window. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1958;67(4):932-51
[3]. Poe, D.S., 2000. Laser-assisted endoscopic stapedectomy: a prospective study. Laryngoscope 110 (Pt2Suppl.95), 1e37.
[4]. Nogueira Júnior JF, Martins MJ, Aguiar CV, et al. Fully endoscopic stapes surgery (stapedotomy): technique and preliminary results. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2011;77(6):721-7
[5]. Moneir W, Abd El-fattah AM, Mahmoud E, et al. Endoscopic stapedotomy: the merits and demerits. Ann Clin Otolaryngol 2016;1(1):1001.

Abstract: Peritonsillar abscess is the most common infection in the deep spaces of the neck and it represents an important cause of consultations in the emergency room and specialized consultations of Otorhinolaryngology. It's a disease that can occur in any age group but has a higher incidence in young adults. It usually occurs secondary to a complication of suppurative tonsillitis, but currently there is not enough evidence to show the relationship between the two. The anamnesis and an exhaustive and detailed physical examination by the treating physician are fundamental for the diagnosis and adequate treatment and therefore, avoidcomplications such as the extension of the abscess to other deep spaces and hemorrhage due to erosion and necrosis of the carotid sheath; conditions that can be life threatening..

Key words: peritonsillar abscess, infection, drainage, streptococcus, antibiotic

[1]. Galioto N. Broadlawns Medical Center, Des Moines, Iowa. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Apr 15;95(8):501-506.
[2]. Risa E. Bochner, Mona Gangar, Peter F. Belamarich. Pediatrics in Review. Feb 2017, 38 (2) 81-92.
[3]. Klug, T., 2017. Peritonsillar abscess: clinical aspects of microbiology, risk factors, and the association with parapharyngeal abscess. Danish Medical Journal, 64(3), pp.1-4.
[4]. Wilson, M., Ali, S., Kovatch, K., Smith, J. and Hoff, P., 2019. Machine Learning Diagnosis of Peritonsillar Abscess. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 161(5), pp.796-799.
[5]. Guerrero A, M. Pompa M, L. Cutiño M, R. Multimed. Revista Médica. Granma, 2018. Absceso periamigdalino. Nuestra experiencia en 5 años. 1, pp.1-11.

Abstract: Introduction: Loose seton placement developed in an attempt to avoid anal sphincter division and therefore reduce the risk of incontinence. A complex anal fistula considered which falls in any one of these conditions, that is, the tract crosses >30% to 50% of the external sphincter, anterior tracts in females, multiple tracts, recurrent, or the patient has pre-existing incontinence, local irradiation, or Crohn's Disease. Aim of the study:Theaim of the research was to assess the use of loose seton in the management of complex fistula- in -ano. Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.......

Key words:Management, loose Seton, Complex fistula-in-ano

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[2]. Sileri P, Cadeddu F, D‟Ugo S et al (2011) Surgery for fistula-inano in a specialist colorectal unit: a critical appraisal. BMC Gastroenterol 11:120
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[5]. Mizrahi N, Wexner SD, Zmora O, et al. Endorectal advancement flap: are there predictors of failure?Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2002; 45:1616–1621..

Abstract: Les corps étrangers orbitaires sont relativement rares. Ils sont secondaires à destraumatismes graves et peuvent mettre en jeu le pronostic visuel par leurs complications. Le but de notre travail est d'étudier les caractéristiques cliniques, paracliniques et thérapeutiques des corps étrangers de l'orbite et souligner l'importance de la prévention.Une étude rétrospective a été réalisée entre janvier 2015 et décembre 2019.L'âge moyen des cas est de 27.5 ans avec nette prédominance masculine. Les circonstances du traumatisme sont dominées par les accidents de travail. La....

[1]. Al-Mujaini A, Al-Senawi R, Ganesh A, Al-Zuhaibi S, Al-Dhuhli H: Intraorbitalforeign body: clinical presentation, radiological appearance andmanagement. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2008, 8:69-74.
[2]. Eladioui K., Benjelloun A., Chekkoury-Idrissi A. Un corps étranger orbitaire insolite. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 2009;110:371-373.
[3]. Ducasse A. Corps étrangers intra-orbitaires. J Fr ophtalmol2001;24:758–64
[4]. Payaa C., Pinsarda L., Buestela C., Bocquetb J., Delyferc M.-N., Colina J. Un corps étranger intra-orbitaire-Intraorbital foreign body. Journal français d'ophtalmologie 2010 ;33:657.e1-657.e5
[5]. Prazeresa S., Jacomet P.-V., Galatoire O., Lafitteb F., Heranb F., Boissonetc H., Moraxa S. Diagnostic et prise en charge des corps étrangers végétaux intra-orbitaires. Journal français d'ophtalmologie 2009;32,8-15.

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and to determine cataract surgery complications in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study concerning 84 cases among 790 patients scheduled for cataract surgery between September 2018 and December 2019. Results: we found a prevalence of 10.63% which increases with age, a relative male predominance with a significant association with high intraocular pressure and poor pupillary dilation. Phacoemulsification is the surgical technique most used and peroperative complications are dominated by zonular rupture and capsular rupture with vitreous outcome......

Keywords: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, cataractsurgery, complications

[1]. Tarkkanen A., Kivelä T. John G. Lindbergand the discovery of exfoliation syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2002 ; 80:151-4.
[2]. Ritch R. Exfoliation syndrome: more than meets the eye. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2002;
80:465-7.
[3]. Ritch R, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U. Exfoliation syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol, 2001;45:265-315.
[4]. Streho M, Rohart C, Chaine G Le syndrome de pseudo-exfoliation capsulaire dans la chirurgie de la cataracte. étude rétrospective de 37 cas J Fr. Ophtalmol., 2008; 31, 1, 11-15 J Fr. Ophtalmol., 2008 ; 31, 1, 11-15
[5]. Rotchford A.P, Kirwan J.F, et coll, Exfoliation syndrome in black South Africans. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 ;121:863-70.

Abstract: Coronavirus is a major health concern of the entire world at present devouring millions of lives fighting against it. It is one of the major pathogens that primarily target the human respiratory system. Previous outbreaks of coronaviruses (CoVs) include the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, characterized as agents that pose a great public health threat. In late December 2019, a series of patients were admitted to hospitals with a provisional diagnosis of pneumonia of an unknown etiology, who were epidemiologically linked to a seafood and wet animal wholesale market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Early reports predicted the onset of a potential Coronavirus outbreak given the estimate of a reproduction number for the 2019 Novel (New) Coronavirus(COVID-19, named by WHO on Feb 11, 2020) which was deemed to be significantly larger than 1 (ranges from 2.24 to 3.58).At the moment, supportive measures and prevention by controlling the spread of infection is the best therapy against the viral infection......

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Abstract: Background: Maternal alcohol abuse and cigarette smoking are known to have serious deleterious effects on both the woman and her baby including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). In this study we investigated the prevalence of prenatal alcohol consumption and smoking among antenatal clinic clients. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted ethically using pre-validated questionnaire at Enugu a major town in southeastern Nigeria. The respondents were women who attended antenatal clinics in busy hospitals chosen by multistage sampling. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 (IBM corporation, New York, USA) computer software. Statistical.....

Key words: Tobacco, alcohol, pregnancy, prenatal, cigarette, smoking.

[1]. Abrahao KP, Salinas AG, Lovinger DM. Alcohol and the Brain: Neuronal Molecular Targets, Synapses, and Circuits. Neuron. 2017;96 (6):1223–1238. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.032.
[2]. Sieminska A, Jassem E. The many faces of tobacco use among women. Med Sci Monit. 2014;20:153–162. doi:10.12659/MSM.889796
[3]. Anderson TM, Lavista Ferres JM, Ren SY, et al. Maternal Smoking Before and During Pregnancy and the Risk of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death. Pediatrics. 2019;143(4):e20183325. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3325
[4]. WHO Tobacco free Initiative; 2020. Accessed at: https://www.who.int/tobacco/ publications/ pregnancy /guidelinestobaccosmokeexposure/en/
[5]. Dietz PM, England LJ, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Tong VT, Farr SL, Callaghan WM. Infant morbidity and mortality attributable to prenatal smoking in the U.S. Am J Prev Med. 2010;39(1):45–52. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.009

Abstract: Background: Breast neoplasms are common in women of all ages, especially during their reproductive age from the menarche to menopause.Breast cancer is the most common of all cancers in women and the leading cause of death due to cancer among women worldwide and the rates are higher in countries with majority of the population having a low-income.A recent study on the risk of breast cancer in India found that 1 in 28 women had breast cancer in their lives. This rate is higher in urban areas with a rate of 1 in 22 females compared to rural areas where the......

Key Word: Diffusion weighted imaging ;breast ;MRI

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess Socio-economic, Demographic and Clinical Presentation of eclampsiapatients ina district hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstretics& Gynecology of 250 bedded General Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2017 to December 2017. A total 40 eclamptic women included in the study. Among the participants 57.5% were aged <20 years, gestational age >37 weeks were in 52.5 % patients, lower socio-economic status were in 62.5% and Primi-gravida were in 77.5% of the participants.Anti-natal checkup were irregular in 65%, urine albumin were mild (++) in 35% and unconsciousness were in 35% of the participants. Mean ±SD of Systolic blood pressure were 161.9 ±......

Key words: Clinical presentation,Eclampsia, Neonate, convulsion

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Abstract: We, in India have vast range of medical centers varying from well equipped corporate hospitals to minimally equipped small setups. Sometimes we face difficulties in basic monitoring in view of limited supply of logistics. To go ahead with the case or to postpone is always a dilemma in these situations. We are discussing a case posted for emergency caesarian section. Technician informed that electrocardiographic (ECG) electrodes are not available (though the demand has been raised but yet not received). But now what to do, as it was midnight so it was also not available any nearby. Whether to proceed for surgery without basic standard monitoring or to refer case?.....

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Abstract: Recently maximum cancer patients have died for wrong treatment. Otherwise antibiotics are losing its power of activity. So anti inflammatory anti receptors drugs will be an important part to treat of livingmammals.Mahajyotisaralamine is an anti inflammatory anti receptors agent which can cure from cancer (pre-cancerous and cancerous both stages).The drug prevents and destroy DNA, RNA viruses and blocks the path way of metastasis formation. It can be chief fighter against beta mRNA COVID 19 virus. Moreover it has no side effects like other treatment chemotherapy and immunotherapy etc.....

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