iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: Background: Inability to view the larynx adequately during laryngoscopy is a major problem encountered during endotracheal intubation. The ability to pass an endotracheal tube under direct vision of the glottic structures is of utmost importance to the anaesthesiologist. Difficult laryngoscopy and failed intubation result in severe morbidity related to anaesthesia. This has forced the anaesthesiologists to persue their interests in developing newer gadgets to facilitate successful and safe endotracheal intubation.One of the many devices in this category is the C-MAC videolaryngoscope which is conceptually and structurally different from many other videolaryngoscopes. Rather than using blades with acute angles, like the glidescope, the CMAC incorporates a conventional Macintosh type blade, with the addition of a micro video camera on the distal portion of the blade. It carries the advantage of being used as both, direct and indirect laryngoscope......

Key Word: EndotrachealIntubation , C MAC, ASA , Direct Laryngoscopy

[1]. Cavus E, Kieckhaefer J, Doerges V, Moeller T, Thee C, Wagner K. The C-MAC Videlaryngoscope: First Experiences with a new device for videolaryngoscopy-guided intubation. AnesthAnalg Feb 2010; 110(2):473-77.
[2]. Bacen DR, Wilkinson DJ. Moments in the history of Anaesthesiology. In: Thomas EJ Healy, Paul RK, Editors Wylie and Churchill-Davidson‟s A Practice of Anesthesia; 7th Edition, London: Arnold; 2003, 1-15.
[3]. Mallampati SR, Gatt SP, Guigino LD, Desai SP, WoraksAB,Freiberger D et al. A clinical sign to predict difficult tracheal intubation: a prospective study. Can Anesth Soc J 1985;32:429-34
[4]. Mallampati SR. Clinical Signs to predict difficult tracheal intubation (hypothesis). Can Anesth Soc J 1983;30:316-7
[5]. Samsoon GLT, Young JRB. Difficult tracheal intubation: a retrospective study. Anaesthesia 1987; 42: 48-79.

Abstract: Obstructive hydrocephalus is often associated with ventriculomegaly. Intraventricular pressure is often transmitted to the visual pathway resulting in impaired vision. However, in rare circumstances of im-paired ventricular compliance, intraventricular pressure rises without concomitant ventricular dilatation. We present the case of a 38 year-old lady with a right sided vestibular schwannoma (Hannover grade 4b) and fea-tures of raised intracranial pressure (progressive blindness from papilloedema) with normal sized ventricles (Evans ratio 0.28). Her unusual presentation of elevated intraventricular pressure and normal sized ventricles resulted in a long referral chain as.....

Key Word: hydrocephalus, ventricular non-compliance, vestibular schwannoma

1.Gerganov VM, Pirayesh A, Nouri M, Hore N, Luedemann WO, Oi S, et al. Hydrocephalus associated with vestibular schwannomas: Man-agement options and factors predicting the outcome. J Neurosurg 2011;114:1209‑15.
2.Bloch J, Vernet O, Aubé M, Villemure JG: Non-obstructive hydrocephalus associated with intracranial schwannomas: hyperproteinorrha-chia as an etiopathological factor? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 145:73–78, 2003
3. Pirouzmand F, Tator CH, Rutka J: Management of hydrocephalus associated with vestibular schwannoma and other cerebellopontine angle tumors. Neurosurgery
48:1246–1254, 2001 4. Tanaka Y, Kobayashi S, Hongo K, Tada T, Sato A, Takasuna H: Clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of hydrocephalus associated with vestibular schwannoma. J Neurosurg 98:1188–1193, 2003
5. Kühne D, Schmidt H, Janzen RW, Lachenmayer L. Communicating hydrocephalus due to acoustic neurinoma. Radiologe 1977;17:478–481.

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global public health problem and is pandemic Sub-Saharan Africa. Vertical transmission during delivery and breastfeeding contributes significantly to the high transmission rate in the region. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus in pregnant women at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to determine the association between serological and nucleic acid testing methods. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Obstetric unit of the UPTH, Port Harcourt from July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. Five hundred pregnant women who presented in labour were recruited into.....

Keywords: Hepatitis B, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

[1]. Mbaawuaga EM, Enenebeaka MNO, Okopi JA, Damen JG. Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) among pregnant women in Makurdi, Nigeria. Afr J Biol Res 2008; 11:155-159.
[2]. Seeger C, Mason WS. Hepatitis B virus biology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2000 1;64(1):51-68.
[3]. Soods S, Malvankar S. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and its risk factors among pregnant women in Jimma, South-West Ethiopia. J Health Devt 2005; 19(1):45-50.
[4]. El-Magrahe H, Furarah AR, El-Figih K, El-Urshfany S, Ghenghesh KS. Maternal and neonatal seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Tripoli, Libya. J Infect Dev Countr 2010; 4(03):168-170.
[5]. Rabiu KA, Akinola OI, Adewunmi AA, Omololu OM, Ojo TO. Risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Acta Ostet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89(8):1024-1028..

Abstract: PURPOSE:In a case of trauma, loss of vision due to traumatic optic neuropathy is a feature for which patients present late due to initial multisystem injury and serious brain injury.Therefore, the objective of the study is to find the time lag and causes of delayed presentation in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy due to RTA.OBSERVATION: It is a hospital basedcase series in which 37 patients with Traumatic Optic Neuropathy were considered. Diagnosis of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy was based on history of RTA, diminution of vision, impaired colour vision, RAPD and/or disc pallor. A questionnaire with questions to know the time of injury, associated multisystem morbidities, reason for delay in presentation was administered.Delay in presentation was defined as presentation more than 3 days following trauma.RESULTS: Traumatic Optic Neuropathy is significantly seen more.....

[1]. Lubben B, Stoll W, Grenzebach U. Optic nerve decompression in the comatose and conscious patients after trauma. Laryngoscope 2001;111:320-328.
[2]. Miller N, Walsh F, Hoyt W. Walsh and Hoyt's clinical neuro-ophthalmology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
[3]. Levin A, et al. The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy – The International Optic Nerve Trauma Study. Ophthalmology 1999;106:1268–1277
[4]. Spoor TC, Hartel WC, Lensink DB, Wilkinson MJ. Treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy with corticosteroids. Am J Ophthalmol 1990;110:665–9.

Abstract: BACKGROUND- Lepra reactions are known immunological phenomenon associated with Hansen's disease. AIM- To determine the trend of lepra reaction in leprosy, with or without treatment,and associated complications in patients with lepra reactions, visiting tertiary care hospital, North India in last 5 years and their better management. MATERIAL AND METHOD-This was a retrospective,record based study conducted in patients registered in the department of dermatology,venereology and leprosy, tertiary care centre, in north India from May 2014- April 2019.....

Keywords: lepra reactions, type 1 reaction, type 2 reaction, multibacillary, leprosy

[1]. Handbook of LEPROSY,5TH edition,W.H JOPLING AC McDOUGALL,CHAPTER 1,page no 1
[2]. Nery JA da C , Filho FB, Quintanilha J, Machado AM, Oliveria S de SC, Sales AM. Understanding the type 1 reactional state for early diagnosis and treatment : a way to avoid disability in leprosy.An Bras Dermatol 2013;88(5):787-92.)
[3]. Ranque B, Nguyen VT, Vu HT,Nguyen TH,Nguyen NB, Pham XK, et al.Age is an important risk factor for onset and sequelae of reversal reactions in Vietnamese patients with leprosy . Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect reversal reactions in Vietnamese patients with leprosy. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 2007 Jan 1;44(1)33-40
[4]. Cuevas J, Rodriguez –Peralto JL, Carrillo R, Contreras F.Erythema nodosum leprosum: reactional leprosy. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2007 Jun ;26(2): 126-30.
[5]. .A.P. Ustianowski,S. D. Lawn, and D. N. Lockwood, "Interactions between HIV infection and leprosy: a paradox." The Lancet Infectious Diseases, VOL.6, no.6,pp.350-360,2006.

Abstract: Aim:Vertical root fractures (VRFs), typically are characterized by an incomplete or complete fracture line that extends through the long axis of the root down to apex. The cause of VRFs is mainly trauma and iatrogenic reasons. Complete or incomplete VRFs constitute an ongoing problem in dentistry because they are difficult to be diagnosed in the early stages. The treatment options can extends from tooth extraction to saving the tooth with more conservative approaches. This case report presents an alternative treatment option for a maxillary premolar with a vertical root fracture (VRF) Methods:Before Access opening and BMP, fracture is reattached with dual core resin, Irrigation is done with normal saline, and final obturation is done with Biodentine as root canal sealer. The treatment of VRF with.....

Key words: Biodentine, ankylosis, probing depth, gingival reattachment

[1]. Dua KK, Kundabala M, Bhat KS. Endodontic miscellany: 1. An unusual vertical root fracture. Endodontology 2004;16:23-6.
[2]. Yeh CJ. Fatigue root fracture: a spontaneous root fracture in non-endodontically treated teeth. Br Dent J 1997;182(7): 261-6.
[3]. Chan CP, Lin CP, Tseng SC, Jeng JH. Vertical root fracture in endodontically versus nonendodontically treated teeth: A survey of 315 cases in Chinese patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 1999;87(4):504-7.
[4]. S.R. Fidel, R.A. Fidel-Junior, L.M. Sassone, C.F. Murad, R.A. Fidel Clinical management of a complicated crown-root fracture: a case report Braz Dent J, 2011; 22 (3):258-262
[5]. Fuss Z, Lusting J, Katz A, Tamse A. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth: Impact of operative procedures. J Endod 2001;27:46-8..

Abstract: Background: The world is currently facing very difficult times, with the novel Corona virus infection becoming a global pandemic of such enormous proportions. The causative agent has been found to be a strain of corona virus now named as 2019 novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2) and the disease caused is called as corona virus disease (COVID-19). As the medical community is struggling to provide care to the infected, the administration of the affected countries is trying its best to prevent the spread of the infection. The researchers on their part are working at a feverish pace to gather as much information about the new virus as possible which will help humanity overcome this pandemic.....

Key words: novel corona virus, COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, pandemic

[1]. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020 accessed on 29 Mar 2020.
[2]. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 Accessed on 29 Mar 2020.
[3]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1104054/india-coronavirus-covid-19-daily-confirmed-recovered-death-cases/ accessed on 02 Apr 2020.
[4]. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen Accessed on 29 Mar 2020.
[5]. Kahn, Jeffrey S; McIntosh, Kenneth.. History and Recent Advances in Coronavirus Discovery. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: November 2005, 24 ( 11): S223-S227. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000188166.17324.60.

Abstract: The number of bikers in our country are increasing which is also resulting in increasing of road accidents. Various setbacks are corresponding to this, most of these are due to the carelessness of not wearing the helmet while riding the bike. Furthermore, numerous passing happens because of the inadequacy of brief clinical attention required by the person who is injured. Frequently occurring incidents like these inspire us to make a system that assures the safety of the person riding the bike, as this framework will make sure that the rider is adhering to the rules and regulations. One of the conditions being that the person has to wear the headgear while riding the motorcycle and if there is any occurrence of an accident then immediate medical assistance from the hospital with the closest proximity is ensured. The proposed framework is a clever protective headgear. The module.....

Keywords: Framework, Accident, Module

[1]. V.KrishnaChaitanya, K.Praveen Kumar, "Smart helmet using arduino", Hyderabad, 2013.
[2]. Manjesh N, Prof. Sudarshan Raj, "Smart Helmet Using GSM &GPS Technology for Accident Detection and Reporting System", International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research, Vol. 2, Issue 4, October - December 2014.)
[3]. SudharsanaVijayan, Vineed T Govind, Merin Mathews, SimnaSurendran, Muhammed Sabah, "Alcohol detection using smart helmet system", IJETCSE, Volume 8 Issue 1 – APRIL 2014.
[4]. R. Prudhvi Raj, Ch. Sri Krishna Kanth, A. BhargavAdityaand K. Bharath, "Smart-tec Helmet," AEEE, India.
[5]. Archana D, Boomija G, Manisha J, Kalaiselvi V. K. G.2017 2nd International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT)

Abstract: Purpose:The objective of this study was to compare the effect of three remineralizing agents [casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP - MI Paste), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF - MI Paste Plus), and hydroxyapatite (Remin Pro) on surface roughness of sound and demineralized dental enamel of permanent teeth in vitro. Methods: Sound and demineralized enamel were divided into 8 groups according to the remineralizing agents and positive and negative controls (artificial saliva).The initial readings of surface roughness at baseline (T1) and after application of the three remineralizing agents for 30 minutes and seven and half hours (T2 and T3) were recorded....

Keywords: Surface Roughness, Remineralizing Agents, Enamel, Permanent Teeth

[1]. Huang S, Gao S, Cheng L, Yu H. Remineralization potential of nano-hydroxyapatite on initial enamel lesions: an in vitro study. Caries Res 2011; 45: 460-468.
[2]. Zhang Q, Zou J, Yang R, Zhou X. Remineralization effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate creme on artificial early enamel lesions of primary teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011; 21: 374-381.
[3]. Patil N, Choudhari S, Kulkarni S, Joshi SR. Comparative evaluation of remineralizing potential of three agents on artificially demineralized human enamel: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16: 116-120.
[4]. Cochrane NJ, Cai F, Huq NL, Burrow MF, Reynolds EC. New approaches to enhance demineralization of tooth enamel. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1187-1197.
[5]. Jayarajan J, Janardhanam P, Jayakumar P, Deepika. Efficacy of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF on enamel remineralization - an in vitro study using scanning electron microscope and DIAGNOdent. Indian J Dent Res 2011; 22: 77-82.

Abstract: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Formaldehyde is the one commonly used in histopathology department. Since 2006, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies formaldehyde as carcinogenic to humans, based on sufficient evidence in humans and in experimental animals. Invitro studies clearly indicated that FA can induce genotoxic effects in proliferating cultured mammalian cells. Some invitro studies detected changes in epithelial cells (nasal and oral) and in peripheral lymphocytes related to FA exposure.The pathologist and technician who undertake the grossing have an exposure to formaldehyde. Hence the present study was undertaken. Micronuclei frequency is being used as a marker for genotoxicity......

KEYWORDS: Formaldehyde, micronuclei, acridine orange

[1]. Viegas S, Ladeira C, Nunes C. Genotoxic effects in occupational exposure to formaldehyde: A study in anatomy and pathology laboratories and formaldehyde-resins production. J Occup Med. 2010; 5:25
[2]. J Shaham, Y Bomstein. DNA – protein crosslinks and p53 protein expression in relation to occupational exposure to formaldehyde. Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60: 403-409
[3]. Ladeira C, Viegas S, Carolino E, Gomes MC, Brito M. Genotoxicity Biomarkers in occupational exposure to formaldehyde :Application in Histopathology Laboratories. Mut Res. 2011;721: 15-20
[4]. Costa S, Coelho P, Costa C et al. Genotoxic damage in pathology, anatomy laboratory workers exposed to formaldehyde .Toxicology. Oct 2008; 252(1-3) :40-8
[5]. IARC [International Agency for Research on Cancer] Formaldehyde. IARC Mongr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2006;88:38–325

Abstract: Background: Oral health is an essential and integral part of overall health throughout human life. The mouth is the mirror that reflects human's health and well-being. Poor oral health has negative consequences on individuals' behaviours, which may affect an individual's performance at school, home and work as well as the individual's concentration and self-esteem. Individuals cannot enjoy their food and are shy to laugh and are unable to socialize. Sometimes they feel neglected and inferior to other healthy people (BMC Oral Health, 2013). Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional study to determine the oral health status and its associated factors among the youth in Igembe sub-county, Meru County. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was adopted from the WHO Oral Survey Handbook. Oral diagnosis was done by two dental examiners. The World Oral Health assessment form was also......

Key words: Poor oral health, Smoking, alcohol, Miraa (khat)

[1]. Addo-Yobbo C., Williams S.A and Curzon M.E (2007). Dental caries experience in Ghana among 12 year old urban and rural school children. Caries Research, 25(4): 311-4.
[2]. Akrebs, W.A. Effects of dental flossing and tooth brushing on gingival bleeding. Journal of Periodontoly, (2009).
[3]. Aldossary A, Harrison V.E, Bernabe E (2015). Long term patterns of dental attendance and caries experience among British adults: a retrospective analysis. Eur Journal Oral Sci 123:39-45.
[4]. Amin T.T and Al-Abad B.M. (2017). Oral hygiene practices, dental knowledge, dietary habits and their relation to caries among male primary school children in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia: International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 6:361-370.
[5]. Anttonen V, Seppa L, Niinimaa A, Hausen H (2011). Dietary and oral hygiene intervention in secondary school pupils .Int J Paediatr Dent 21:81-88.