iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: Japanese Encephalitis (JE), a mosquito borne zoonotic disease, is a the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asian countries. In INDIA,the states which has high number of cases are UTTAR PRADHESH>ASSAM>BIHAR>KARNATAKA...etc. It usually affect the low socio-economic people and rural areas. Japanese Encephalitis is a mosquito borne zoonotic flavivirus that infect a wide range of vertebrate species in an enzootic cycle primarily of large waterflow birds and swine. JE infection in humans can manifest in a spectrum of disease from asymptomatic infection to a mildly febrile symptomatic illness to a life threatening disease affecting the central nervous system.Vector control and vaccination are our priority. This review highlights the role of renal function test, Liver function test and ECG changes in establishing prognosis of JE..

[1]. Bina pani das. Mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis from Northern India.2012-p(3-6)
[2]. Harrison Internal Medicine 20th edition.p(1500)
[3]. Ananthanarayan and Panikers Textbook of Microbiology 10th Edition.p-526
[4]. Harrison Internal Medicine 20th edition.p(1490,1495)
[5]. Ananthanarayan and Panikers Textbook of Microbiology 10th Edition.p-527

Abstract: Simple bone cysts are pseudocysts affecting long bones and, less frequently, the jaws, especially the mandible. These cysts re generally detectedduring routine radiography, with the frequent observation of a well-delimited radiolucent area sending ojectionsbetween the rootsof the teeth involved. Simple bone cysts are mainly diagnosed during the second decade of life and have an excellent prognosis, but theiretiology is uncertain. The aim of this paper is to report the case of a simple bone cyst in a 15-year-old adolescent seen at the StomatologyOutpatient Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia. The etiology, clinical course and prognosis of this lesion are discussedbased on a systematic review of the literature.

Keywords: Bone cyst, jaw, xrays.

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[2]. Sverzut CE, Gomes PP, Sverzut AT, Tozetto ALG. Cisto ósseo solitário:relato de um caso clínico. Rev Dent Press OrtodonOrtop
Maxilar. 2002;7:63-7.
[3]. Copete MA, Kawamata A, Langlais RP. Solitary bone cyst of thejaws. Radiographic review of 44 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral
Pathol Oral RadiolEndod. 1998;85:221-5.
[4]. Fregnani ER, Ramos FMM, Nadalin MR, Silva-Sousa YTC, PerezDEC. Simple bone cyst: possible misdiagnosis in periapical pathology.Gen Dent. 2007;55:129-31.
[5]. Suei Y, Taguchi A, Tanimoto K. Simple bone cyst of the jaws: evaluationof treatment outcome by review of 132 cases. J Oral MaxillofacSurg. 2007;65:918-23.

Abstract: According to reports by WHO and World Bank supported the evidence that people with disabilities had fragile health, poor academic achievements, low financial resources due to which there are lack of access to health services.1The attitude of health care professionals has the potential to greatly improve or hinder opportunities for persons with disabilities to be fully included in their communities. Negative attitudes of health care professionals are considered to be an invisible barrier to rehabilitation and integration.2 There is strong evidence that health care professionals often feel discomfort and exhibit risky attitudes towards person with disabilities and in addition lack of knowledge in dealing with these patients further aggravates the situation.3-6An analysis of survey of global health further revealed that disabled people doubly found the skills and tools of their HCPs as insufficient and unequipped, were triply left without care; and were treated inadequately by health practitioners (World Health Organization and World Bank 2011).....

[1]. World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Available onlinehttps://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/ (accessed on 20thfeb 2020).
[2]. Nastran Yazdani, FarzanehYazdani, LayaNobakht. Reflective self-awareness exercise; steps towards changing students' attitudes towards disability, International Journal of Therapies and Rehabilitation Research 2016; 5 (2): 25-29
[3]. KamilaIftikhar, Ahmad Alamgir, ShaziaMaqbool, WaqarRehan, ShajeelAkhtar.
[4]. Knowledge and attitude of health care professionals towards persons with disability. Pak Armed Forces Med J 2019; 69 (1): 147-53
[5]. Larson-McNeal M, Carrothers LA, Premo B. Providing primary health care for people with physical disabilities: a survey of California physicians. Pomona, CA: Center for Disability Issues and the Health Professions, Western University of Health Sciences 2002; 4-16.

Abstract: Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles on root dentin roughness in comparison with sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Materials and Methods: Roots of 20 human caries free permanent maxillary anterior teeth were taken. They were sectioned longitudinally to obtain 40 dentin samples. Forty (40) dentin samples were divided into four groups (n=10). Group I – Distilled water (control group), Group II, III and IV are 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and chitosan nanoparticle solution (1.5mg/ml) respectively. Roughness values of the dentin samples were evaluated by atomic force microscopy analysis on 4 groups (n=10), after each group was....

Key words: Atomic force microscopy, Chitosan nanoparticles, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Root mean square, Surface roughness, Sodium hypochlorite

[1]. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006;32(5):389-98.
[2]. Siqueira J, Machado A, Silveira R, Lopes H, Uzeda Md. Evaluation of the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite used with three irrigation methods in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from the root canal, in vitro. Int Endod J. 1997;30(4):279-82.
[3]. Bystrom A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 percent sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg
OralMed Oral Pathol. 1983;55(3):307-12.
[4]. Johnson W, Noblett W. Cleaning and shaping in: endodontics: principles and practice. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA; 2009.
[5]. Cruz-Filho AMd, Paula EAd, Pecora JD, Sousa-Neto MDd. Effect of different EGTA concentrations on dentin microhardness. Braz Dent J. 2002;13(3):188-90.

Abstract: Tuberculosis is a specific infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease primarily affect intestine, meanings, bones, joints, lymph – nodes, spleen and other tissue of the body (K Park‟s Textbook of PSM, 2012, p. 164). WHO in 1993 declared that "Tuberculosis is a global Emergency?" Because of pitfalls in control, despite the fact that causative organism was discovered hundred years ago, highly effective drugs available BCG vaccine ad free sputum confirmatory examinations, presently one third of world‟s populations is affected with TB, great majority developing countries...

[1]. American Thoracic Society Update. Fatal and severe liver injuries ASSOCIATED WITH Rifampicin and Pyraznimaide for latent tuberculosis infections, and revisions in American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations – United States, 2001.
[2]. Anand AC, Seth AK, Paul M, Puri P. Risk Factors of hepatotoxicity during anti-tuberculosis treatment. MJAFI 200.
[3]. Change KC, Leung CC, Yew WW, Ho SC, Tam CM. A nested case – control study on treatment-related risk factors for early relapse of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:1124-1130.
[4]. Community contribution to TB care: practice and policy. Geneva, Woeld Health Organization, 2003(WHO/CDS/TB/2003.312).
[5]. Devarbhavi H, Karanth D, Prasanna K, Adarsh C, Patil M. Drug-induced liver injury with hypersensitivity features has a better outcome: a single centre experience of 39 children and adolescents. Hepatology 2011;54:1344-50.

Abstract: Enhanced sympathetic activity transpires in hypertension (HTN). Coexistent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and hypertension are correlated with augmented cardiovascular risk.1 There is definite cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in hypertensive patients as compared to the normotensive subjects.2 Studies have testified diminished HRV among hypertensives. Statistics from the Framingham and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohorts propose that people with reduced HRV are at a higher risk of developing hypertension3. Another study....

[1]. Hogarth AJ, Mackintosh AF, Mary DA. The Sympathetic Drive After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Hypertensive Patients. Am J Hypertens 2006;19(10):1070–107.
[2]. Narhare P, Chaitra B, Surender T. A comparative study of cardiovascular autonomic function hypertensive and normotensive people. Int J Pharm Biomed Res 2011;2(4):223–26.
[3]. Schroeder EB, Liao D, Chambless LE, Prineas RJ, Evans GW, Heiss G. Hypertension, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate Variability The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Hypertension 2003;42:1106–11.
[4]. Quintana M, Storckf N, Lindbladf LE, Lindvall K, Ericson M.
[5]. Heart rate variability as a means of assessing prognosis after acute myocardial infarction; A 3-year follow-up study. Eur Heart J 1997;18:789–97..

Abstract: Carcinoma of cervix is the second most cause of cancer death in women of developing countries. It is a preventable disease if diagnosed early. It rarely metastasizes to the supraclavicular group of nodes during the initial presentation. Here is the case report of carcinoma cervix in a 45 year female with supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Cervical biopsy, Fine needle aspiration cytology of supraclavicular lymph node and CECT scan was done and diagnosis of Stage IV B was made.She underwent systemic chemotherapy and pelvic irradiation..

Key words: carcinoma, cervix , supraclavicular, lymphadenopathy

[1]. Henriksen E. The lymphatic spread of carcinoma of the cervix and ofthe body of the uterus. A study of 420 necropsies.Am J ObstetGynecol1949; 58: 924–42.
[2]. Tunio MA, Asiri MA, Mohamed R, Al‑Dandan S. Supraclavicularlymphadenopathy: initial manifestation of metastasis in carcinoma ofcervix. Case Rep ObstetGynecol2013; 2013: 1–3.
[3]. Kurman RJ, Carcangiu ML, Herrington CS, Robert HY, editors. WHO classification of tumors of Female Reproductive Organs. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC; 2014. Tomour of uterine cervix; p. 176.
[4]. QiuJT et al,Supraclavicular lymph node metastases in cervical cancer. EurJGynaecolOncol. 2007;28(1):33-8.
[5]. Suh DH, Kim K, Kim JW. Major clinical research advances ingynecologic cancer in 2011. J GynecolOncol2012; 23: 53–64.

Abstract: To determine the prevalence of retinal changes in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and any association between the retinal changes and blood pressure, and severity of the disease. 100 patients admitted with diagnosis of PIH were included in this study. Age, gravida, blood pressure, and proteinuria were noted. After taking history for any eye symptoms, fundus examination was done after dilating the pupils with direct ophthalmoscope in the ward itself. Hypertensive retinopathy were graded by using the Keith Wagner Barker classification All the findings were noted on a data sheet, and were analyzed using SPSS programme. Maximum number of PIH cases (66%).....

Key words: Eclampsia, hypertensive retinopathy, preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, retinal changes

[1]. Subramaniam V. Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in tropical climatic conditions. BMC Womens Health. 2007;7:18
[2]. Hallum A V Eye changes in hypertensive toxaemia of pregnancy; a study of 300cases. JAMA. 1936;106(9):1649–1651.
[3]. Valluri S, Adelberg DA, Curtis RS, Olk RJ. Diagnostic indocyanine green angiography in preeclampsia. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;122:672-7.
[4]. Fastenberg DM, Fetkenhour CL, Choromokos E, Shoch DE.Choroidal vascular changes in toxemia of pregnancy. Am J Ophthalmol 1980;89:362-8.
[5]. Schultz KL, Birnbaum AD, Goldstein DA. Ocular disease in pregnancy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2005;16:308-14..

Abstract: Introduction: Systemic hypertension is an important condition in childhood, with estimated population prevalence of 1-2% in the developed countries. Nutritional surveys, in the India show a significant secular increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The causes for increase in blood pressure are attributed to obesity, change in dietary habits, decreased physical activity and increasing stress. Similar data is lacking from India; small surveys in school children suggest a prevalence ranging from 2-5 %. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was a school based survey conducted from June 2018 to August 2019 at Tagore....

Key words: Systemic hypertension, obesity

[1]. Munter P, He J, Cutler JA, Wildman RP, Whelton BK. Trends in blood pressure among children and adolescents. JAMA. 2004;291:2107–13.
[2]. Bagga A, Jain R, Vijayakumar M, Kanitkar M, Ali U. Evaluation and management of hypertension. Indian Pediatr. 2007;44:103–21.
[3]. Mohan B, Kumar N, Aslam N, Rangbulla A, Kumbkarni S, Sood NK, et al. Prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity in urban and rural school going children in Ludhiana. Indian Heart J. 2004;56:310–14.
[4]. Chadha SL, Tandon R, Shekhawat S, Gopinath N. An epidemiological study of blood pressure in school children (5–14 years) in Delhi. Indian Heart J. 1999;51:178–82.
[5]. JNC VII Report. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatments of High Blood Pressure. JAMA. 2003;19:2560–72..

Abstract: Aim: To explain the aetiology and management of eyelid and Periorbital injuries and their management in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi affiliated to Bundelkhand university, Jhansi. A Sample of 110 patients with eyelid and Periorbital injuries fulfilling the inclusion criteria were examined and treated and results analyzed. Results: Out of 110 cases, majority of the patients were males (69.09%) in age group of 31-40 years age group comprising of 40.9% case. Commonest mode of injuries was Road traffic Accident (59.09%), commonest kind of injury was partial thickness lid laceration (55.45%), and lid notching was the foremost common complication (6.36%)..

Key words: Eyelid injury and Periorbital injuries, road traffic accident, partial thickness laceration

[1]. Eman Yahya Sadek , Amir Elbarbary , Ikram Safe. Periorbital Trauma: A New Classification PMID: 31428248 PMCID: PMC6697479 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1677808
[2]. .Lt Col Avinash Mishra, Col V.K. Baranwal, Brig J.K.S. Parihar, SM, VSM Brig A.K. Verma. Simple laceration wound of the
[3]. eyelids? Always remember to look under the lids!. Medical Journal Armed Forces India 69, 2013;301-04.
[4]. Audrey C Ko , Kellie R Satterfield , Bobby S Korn , Don O Kikkawa Eyelid and Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma PMID: 28941512 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2017.06.011
[5]. Management of eyelid trauma Christine C. Nelson, MD https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/71612/j.1442-9071.1991.tb00686.x.pdf?sequence=1.