iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: The palmar neck is a very rarely describedin the medical literature.It is usually associated with Ulrrich-Turner Syndrome (a chromosomal disease related to the complete or partial absence of an X chromosome). Several surgical techniques can be used to treat this malformation, but in severe forms it is hard to completely correct the palm and the low hair implantation. Through two clinical cases observations, the authors highlight two simple, reliable and reproducible surgical techniques based on a double Z-plasty in one patient and a single asymmetric Z-plastydescribed by Servant in the other one. Achieving a satisfactory result with hidden scars and consequently a significant improvement in neck shape, which has a positive impact on body image and furtherrelationship life

[1]. Kobilinsky O. UbereineflughautahnlicheAusbreitung am Halse. Arch Antropol 1883;14:343.
[2]. Turner HH. A Syndrome of infantilism, congenital web neck, Cubitus valgus. Endocrinology 1938;23:566—74.
[3]. Miller LB. Treatment of web neck in Turner's syndrome with Tissue expansion. Ann PlastSurg 1990;24:447—50.
[4]. SherinJr JC, DeFranzo AJ. Butterfly correction of webbed neck Deformity in Turner's syndrome. PlastReconstrSurg 1980;66:129—33.
[5]. Agris J, Dingman RO, Varon J. Correction of webbed neck defects. Ann PlastSurg 1983;11:299—307.

Abstract: This study was an attempt to estimate the prevalence of fungal isolates in superficial mycoses cases in pediatric patients attending OPD of IIMS&R, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh. A prospective study over a period of six month was conducted from January 2017 to June 2017.The suspected cases of superficial mycoses were subjected to mycological examination with direct microscopy using 10% - 40% KOH depending on the types of samples (skin, nail, hair) processed and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide (SDCCA) and also on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Causative agents were identified macroscopically and microscopically from the growth obtained on SDCCA and PDA. Direct microscopy revealed fungal elements in.......

Keywords: Superficial mycoses, Non- pigmented variants, KOH mount

[1]. Adefemi SA, Odeigah LO, Alabi KM. Prevalence of dermatophytosis among primary school children. Niger J Clin Pract 2011;14:1.
[2]. Aggarwal A, Arora U, Khanna S. Clinical and mycological study ofsuperficial mycoses in Amritsar. Indian J Dermatol 2002;47:218-220.
[3]. Arenas R, Esmenjaud J R. Onychomycosis in childhood: A current perspective with emphasis on the review of treatment. An bras Dermatol, Rio de Janeiro 2004;79(2):225-232.[4]. Ogbu CC, Okwelogu IS, Umeh AC. Prevalence of superficial fungal infections among primary school pupils in Awka South Local government area of Anambra State. JMR 2015;2(1):15-22.
[5]. Dash M, Panda M, Patro N, Mohapatra M. Socio demographic profile and pattern of superficial dermatophytic infections among pediatric population in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Odisha. Ind. J.Paediatr.Dermatol 2017;18:191-5..

Abstract: The vaginal microflora constitutes a complex microecological environment composed of different microbiological species in variable quantities and relative proportions (1). It is mainly dominated by members of the genus Lactobacillus, which maintains the generally acidic vaginal pH (2). Among the women of reproductive age group, the most common complaint is discharge per vaginum (3).The common cause of vaginal discharge is usually physiological i.e., use of contraceptives, menstruation and pregnancy (4). The infectious causes of vaginal discharge are sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis and Candidiasis (5). Bacterial vaginosis is the invasion of the vagina with anaerobic bacteria. It occurs when there is alteration of the vaginal ecology with gross depletion of the normal bacteria flora lactobacilli with overgrowth of anaerobic polymicrobial organisms (.....

[1]. Fan A, Yue Y, Geng N, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xue F. Aerobic vaginitis and mixed infections: comparison of clinical and laboratory findings. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013;287:329–35.
[2]. Khan I, Khan UA. A hospital based study of frequency of aerobic pathogens in vaginal infections. J Rawal Med Coll. 2004; 29(1):22–25.
[3]. T M GopaVani, R G Rupavani. Clinico-etiological study of vaginal discharge in adult women—A hospital based study. Indian J Micribiology Research. 2018 Dec 30:5(4);535-7
[4]. Verma A, Gupta A, Goel S, Garg A. Clinicopathological correlation of infective vaginal discharges in non pregnant sexually active women of reproductive age group in a tertiary care centre of western UP. Int J ReprodcontraceptobstetGynecol, 2016 Dec 10:2(3):349-54
[5]. Gingelmaier A, Friese, K. Inflammatory diseases of the vulva and vagina. Der Hautarzt; ZeitschriftfürDermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandteGebiete.2006 Feb; 57 (2), 155.

Abstract: Syndactyly is a condition in which adjacent fingers and / or toes are webbed, as they fail to separate during developmental stages. It has a prevalence of 3–10 in 10 000 births(1). It may be unilateral / bilateral, complete / incomplete, cutaneous / bony. This is a case of a 23 year old male with a Zygodactyly (Type I a) anomaly(2) (Fig. 1). Macrodactyly is a condition in fingers or toes are abnormally large because of overgrowth of bone and soft tissue. The condition is mostly unilateral, with the index finger being commonly involved as in our case of a 16 year old male (Fig. 2). It may be associated with lipofibromatous hamartoma of a peripheral nerve neurofibromatosis(3).....

[1]. Castilla EE, Paz JE, Orioli-Parreiras IM. Syndactyly: frequency of specific types. Am J Med Genet. 1980;5:357–364.
[2]. Malik S. Syndactyly: phenotypes, genetics and current classification. European Journal of Human Genetics 2012; 20: 817–824.
[3]. Dell PC. Macrodactyly. Hand Clin 1985;1(3):511-524.
[4]. Turra S, Gigante C, Bisinella G. Polydactyly of the foot. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2007;16(3):216-220.

Abstract: Aims & Objectives: To study the incidence, indications of primary caesarean section in multiparous women. To study the maternal and perinatal outcome after primary caesarean section in multiparous women. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study of 120 cases of caesarean section done for the first time in multipara for a period of 8months from 1st January 2019 to 31st Aug 2019 at government general hospital, Anantapuramu. For all the cases, blood was sent for basic investigations like Haemoglobin, Random blood sugar, Blood grouping and typing, total count, differential count. Special investigations like Liver function tests, Renal function tests done when required and Ultrasonography for placental localization, estimated fetal weight and to rule out abruption.....

Key words: Primary Caesarean section, Multipara, Maternal outcome, Neonatal outcome

[1]. Solomon B. The dangerous multipara. Lancet 1932;2:8-11.
[2]. Basak S, Lahri D. Dystocia in eutocic multigravida. J Obstet Gynecol India. 1975;25:502-7.
[3]. P.Himabindu,M. Tripura Sundari,K.V.Sireesha, M V. Sairam. "Primary Caesarean Section In Multipara." 2015; 14(5): 22-25.
[4]. Preeti Bajaj, G.K. Kadikar et al A Study of Primary Cesarean Section in Multipara NJIRM 2017; Vol. 8(2) March – April eISSN: 0975-9840 pISSN: 2230 – 9969.
[5]. Rajput N et al. Study of primary caesarean section in multigravida patients Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jan;7(1):185-191.

Abstract: Background: Headache is most common complaint in children and adolescent.Frequent headache can have enormous impact on life . Aim: To evaluate refractive errors among school going children with complaint of headache and to compare it with children without headache. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study. 402 school children with complaint of headache and 402 children without headache aged between 8 and 17 years was taken for study. Results: In headache group 259 (64.5%) were girls and 143 (35.5%) were boys and 228 (56.7%) girls and 174 (43.3%) boys in without headache.....

Keywords- Headache , Refractive errors, Hypermetropia, Myopia , Astigmatism

[1]. Olesen J. The International classification of headache disorders. 3rd ed. Headache Classification Subcommitte of the International Headache Society: Blabkweit Publishing. Cephalalgia 2013;33:762-64
[2]. Andrew D Hershey, Hope L. Obrien headache text book paediatrics Nelson 1st south Asia edition.
[3]. Abolbashari F, Hosseini SMA, AliYekta A, Khabazkhoob M. The correlation between refractive errors and headache in the young adults Austin J Clin Ophthalmol2014;1:1014.
[4]. Dandona R, Dandona L, Naduvilath TJ, Srinivas M, McCarly CA. Refractive errors in an urban population in southern India: the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40;2810-2818.
[5]. Waters WE. Headache and the eye A community study .Lancet 1970;2:1-4 7

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to reduced effectiveness of insulin, insulin secretion or a combination of both and there is a progressive change in the structure of pancreatic β cells. In 2015, adult mortality due to diabetes reached 10 million, ranking 7th highest in the world. Efforts to treat diabetes mellitus can be done by inhibiting the work of the enzyme α-glucosidase in the small intestine that works competitively with its substrate. Flavonoids are compounds that have the potential to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, tannins in extracts play a role in reducing blood glucose levels. Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) contain flavonoid compounds, saponins, polyphenols and tannins which are often used as antidiabetic.....

Keywords: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Blood Sugar Levels, Diabetes Mellitus, Maltose

[1]. Fitrianingsih, S.P., Aryanti, I., & Lestari, F. (2014). Aktivitas Antihiperglikemia Ekstrak Daun Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lamk.) dan DaunSirsak (Annona Muricata L.) Terhadap Mencit Jantan. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, UniversitasIslam Bandung, 3 (2).
[2]. Haryoto, Nurhardianti N., Sujono T.A., Suhendi A. & Muhtadi. 2016. Antidiabetes Mellitus Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Tumbuhan Sala (Cyanometra ramiflora L.) terhadap Tikus Jantan.
[3]. Katzung, B.G. (2002). Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik, Edisi III. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
[4]. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF). (2015). Diabetes Data. www.idf.org.
[5]. Kurniawan, I. (2010). Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 pada Usia Lanjut. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia. 60 (12): 576-584.

Abstract: Background: Clerking is the first and most important procedurewhich a doctor has at first contact with a patient or patients' relations. This provides an opportunity for the physician to obtain vital data which on documentation forms the initial records of the patient which may not be available later. The aim of the study was to assess the clerking of preterm babies admitted into the neonatal unit of the hospital. Methods: A retrospective study on all the preterm babies that were admitted into the neonatal unit of the hospital from January 2018 -December 2018.......

Keywords- Documentation; Prematurity; Medical records; Jos

[1]. Thomas J. Medical records and issues in negligence. Indian J Urol. 2009; 25: 384–88
[2]. Physician connection. Why the Patients history is so important. PSIC 2011; 4 :2–5.
[3]. Chow J, Yvon C, Stanger T. How complete are our clerkings? A project aimed at improving the quality of medical records by using a standardised proforma. BMJ Quality Improvement Reports 2014; u203012.w1388 doi: 10.1136/bmjquality.u203012.w1388.
[4]. Tola K, Abebe H, Gebremariam Y, Jikamo B. Improving Completeness of Inpatient Medical Records in Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Advances in public health; 2017:1-5.
[5]. Zegers M, Bruijne MC De, Spreeuwenberg P, Wagner C, Groenewegen PP, Wal G Van Der. Quality of patient record keeping: an indicator of the quality of care? BMJ Qual Saf 2011; 20:314-18.

Abstract: Odontomas are the most common developmental anomalies of the jaw that delay the eruption of the associated tooth. These lesions are generally accidentally diagnosed on radiographic investigation and they are assymptomatic.They are 2 types Compound and Complex Odontoma. Compound Odontomaare varied numbers of tooth-like elements. In Complex Odontoma - the enamel, dentin, and cementum are present in a disorganised manner. Compound Odontoma is most common in anterior maxilla and complex Odontoma most common in posterior mandible. Odontoma has a limited growth potential, but it should be removed because it contains various tooth formulations that can predispose to cystic change, interfere with eruption of permanent teeth and cause considerable destruction of bone.The present case report describe the surgical management of twocases of compound odontoma.

Keywords- Odontomas, Compound and Complex Odontoma,Mesiodens, Surgical excision

[1]. Helena S, Pedro M. Compound odontoma—case report. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac. 2013;54(3):161–165.
[2]. Patricia GA, Harumi I, Yuji M, et al. Podoplanin expression in odontomas: clinicopathological study and immunohistochemical analysis of 86 cases. J Oral Sci. 2011;53(1):67–75.
[3]. Satish V, Prabhadevi MC,Sharma R. Odontome: A Brief Overview.Int J ClinPediatr Dent 2011; 4(3): 177–185.
[4]. Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levy BM: A Textbook of Oral Pathology, 4th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1983, pp 308-11.
[5]. Sprawson E. Odontomes. Br Dent J. 1937;62:177–201..

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis is a transmissible infection which is responsible for foremost cause of illness. Depression is common mental ailment associated by loss of pleasure or interest, sadness and guilty feeling. Co-existence of tuberculosis with anxiety or depression results in non-adherence to treatment which is one of the commonest reasons of acquired drug resistant tuberculosis. Objectives:To observe the frequency of depression and its intensity among TB patients using a standardized Hamilton Scale. Study Settings:This.....

Keywords- Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Depression, Treatment of TB.

[1]. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2019. [Accessed in November 2019] Available from wensite: [https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Global%20Tuberculosis%20Report%202019.pdf].
[2]. Dasa TT, Roba AA, Weldegebreal F, Mesfin F, Asfaw A, Mitiku H, et.al. Prevalence and associated factors of depression among tuberculosis patients in Eastern Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):82.
[3]. Ambaw F, Mayston R, Hanlon C, Alem A. Burden and presentation of depression among newly diagnosed individuals with TB in primary care settings in Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):57.
[4]. Ige OM, Lasebikan VO. Prevalence of depression in tuberculosis patients in comparison with non-tuberculosis family contacts visiting the DOTS clinic in a Nigerian tertiary care hospital and its correlation with disease pattern. Mental health in family medicine. 2011;8(4):235.
[5]. Amreen NR. Frequency of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients. J Tuberc Res. 2016;4 (1):183-90.

Abstract: Introduction: The DMFT and OHI-S indices are two of the most important quantitative factors, measuring tooth health and oral hygiene. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the association between dental caries and oral hygiene status among diabetic patients aged 35-65 years attending the outpatient division of Government Medical College, Kottayam. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted among 120 diabetic patients. DMFT score was calculated on each patient; oral hygiene status was assessed using OHI-S. Results: The association between OHI-S scores and caries scores were found to be statistically significant. Patients with poor oral hygiene had shown higher caries experience. Conclusion: The findings of present study demonstrated that lack of oral hygiene maintenance is a causative factor for higher caries prevalence among diabetic patients.

Keywords- Dental caries, DMFT, OHI-S, Cross sectional study

[1]. Hunter PB. Risk factors in dental caries. Int Dent J 1988;38:211-217.
[2]. Nishi M, Harding M, Kelleher V, Whelton H, Allen F. Knowledge of caries risk factors/indicators among Japanese and Irish adult patients with different socio-economic profiles: a cross-sectional study. BMC oral health 2017;17:55-55.
[3]. Qureshi A, Qureshi A, Qureshi H, Khan AA. Blood glucose level, salivary pH and oral bacterial count in type 1 diabetic children. Infect Dis J 2007;16:45-48.
[4]. Aziz HK. The relationship between the dental caries and the blood glucose level among type II non insulin dependent diabetic patients. Journal of baghdad college of dentistry 2012;24:108-114.
[5]. Singh A, Thomas S, Dagli R, katti R, Solanki J, Bhateja GA. To access the effects of salivary factors on dental caries among diabetic patients and non diabetic patients in Jodhpur city. Journal of Advanced Oral Research 2014;5:10-14.

Abstract: Introduction: The management of colonic obstruction due to malignant lesions still remains a challenging problem. Methods: A retrospective study was performed from 2014 to 2020 of 10 consecutive patients (male 06; female 04, range 60 to 89 years) who underwent emergency surgical procedures for acutely obstructing colorectal cancer in our unit. Patient demography, characteristics of the obstructing tumours, type of management and outcome was analyzed by tabulating the post operative mortality risk using Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) malignant large bowel obstruction (MBO) score. Results: All patients presented with features of acute intestinal obstruction. Most of the tumours were in Dukes C (5). The majority of patients were......

[1]. Phillips RK, Hittinger R, Fry JS, Fielding LP. Malignant large bowel obstruction. Br J Surg. 1985;72:296–302.
[2]. Mella J, Biffin A, Radcliffe AG, Stamatakis JD, Steele RJC. Population-based audit of colorectal cancer management in two UK health regions. Br J Surg. 1997;84:1731–6.
[3]. Serpell JW, McDermott FT, Katrivessis H, Hughes ESR. Obstructing carcinomas of the colon. Br J Surg. 1989;76:965–9.
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Abstract: Background Managing diabetic foot ulcers in developing countries is demanding. Sri Lankan literature on the use of Vacuum-assisted Closure (VAC) is scarce due to lack of overall guidelines and awareness. This prospective cohort study evaluates the effectiveness of VAC therapy, effect on length of hospital stay (LOS) and cost of hospitalization in chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Methods Prospective study was carried out from March 2018 to February 2019. Fifty patients were selected. Based on the patient preference and informed written consent, 28 patients were treated with VAC therapy and rest were managed with standard surgical protocols. Haematological, serological and bacterial cultures from wounds were done in all patients. The ulcers were classified by.....

Keywords- Vacuum assisted closure, chronic diabetes wounds, Length of hospital stay and cost

[1]. Katulanda P, Constantine GR, Mahesh JG, Sheriff R, Seneviratne RD, Wijeratne S, Wijesuriya M, McCarthy MI, Adler AI, Matthews DR. Prevalence and projections of diabetes and pre‐diabetes in adults in Sri Lanka—Sri Lanka Diabetes, Cardiovascular Study (SLDCS). Diabetic Medicine. 2008 Sep 1; 25(9):1062-9.
[2]. Singh N, Armstrong DG, Lipsky BA. Preventing Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes. JAMA. 2005;293(2):217-228. doi:10.1001/jama.293.2.217.
[3]. Badiavas EV, Abedi M, Butmarc J, Falanga V, Quesenberry P. Participation of bone marrow derived cells in cutaneous woundhealing. J Cell Physiol2003; 196: 245–50.
[4]. Venturi ML, Attinger CE, Mesbahi AN, Hess CL, Graw KS. Mechanisms and clinical applications of the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device: a review. Am J ClinDermatol2005; 6: 185–94.
[5]. Armstrong DG, LaveryLA, for the Diabetic Foot Study Consortium. Negative pressure wound therapy after partial diabetic foot amputation: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1704–10.

Abstract: Background: Nature has created the safest cradle for fetus inside mother's womb in the form of liquor amnii for its growth. Decreases in amniotic fluid volume or oligohydramnios has been correlated with increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation, meconium aspiration syndrome, severe birth asphyxia, low APGAR scores and congenital abnormalities. Oligohydramnios is also associated with maternal morbidity in form of increased rates of induction and operative interference. This study aims 1) To assess correlation between amniotic fluid volume and outcome of fetus.2) To assess successful conduct of labour in relation to the amount of liquor.3) To assess incidence of congenital anomalies in oligohydramnios 4) To assess fetal heart rate variations in oligohydramnios cases......

Keywords- Amniotic fluid index; oligohydramnios; neonatal outcome

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