iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: Background:Adverse drug reactions are important cause of morbidity ,hospitalization,increased health expenditure and even death.Adverse drugs are unavoidable consequences of drug therapy and can occur with any class of drugs.CADRs are the most frequent ADRs. Aim of this study is to recognise different clinical manifestations of CADRs and to find out the cause and identify the common offending drugs.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was done over a period of 9 months (from March 2019 to November 2019) after institutional ethics committee approval.All patients presenting to the dermatology OPD and IPD with cutaneous manifestations after drug.....

Keywords:- Adverse drugs , Cutaneous adverse drug reactions , maculopapular rash , drug induced urticaria, FDE, erythema multiforme, SJS TEN, exfoliative dermatitis, DRESS

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Abstract: Corneal infection caused by more than 1 microorganism is relatively uncommon. It may occur as a co infection or as a secondary infection superimposed to an existent microorganism.1Microbial keratitis is a potentially vision threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent untoward outcomes. The prevalence of MK has been found to vary according to type, geographical location, and causative factors. An estimate of 1.5 to 2 million cases of corneal ulcers occur annually in the developing countries.2Herein we report a 32 young man man complained of redness in the left eye for 10 days; accompanied with eye pain, photophobia, and blurred vision for 7 days and exacerbated in the next 2 days. After the patient was admitted, corneal smear was performed, and the scrapings were sent for bacterial , fungal, and Acanthamoeba cultures and tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Fungal hyphae and epithelium were found in corneal smear. Patient was diagnosed with Fungal keratitis.....

[1]. Ahn M, Yoon KC, Ryu SK, Cho NC, You IC. Clinical aspects and prognosis of mixed microbial (bacterial and fungal) keratitis. Cornea 2011;30:409‑13.
[2]. Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP. Corneal blindness: A global perspective. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79:214-21.
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[4]. Bolaños-Jiménez R, Navas A, López-Lizárraga EP, March de Ribot F, Peña A, Graue-Hernández EO et al. Ocular surface as barrier of innate immunity. Open Ophthalmol J 2015;9:49-55.
[5]. Ansari Z, Miller D, Galor A. Current thoughts in fungal keratitis: Diagnosis and treatment. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 2013;7:209-18..

Abstract: Super vasmol hair dye poisoning is an emerging problem in the developing parts of the world mainly because of the easy availability and low cost of the substance.[1] The active ingredients of Super Vasmol include ParaPhenylDiamine, propylene glycol, liquid paraffin, resorcinol, cetostearyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, preservatives, and perfumes[2]. The main compound responsible for the toxicity is paraphenyl-diamine [C6H4(NH2)2], which is a key ingredient for most of the hair dyes, and it is used for color enhancement.

[1]. Mary Nirmala S, Ganesh R. Hair dye- an emerging suicidal agent: our experience. Otolaryngology Online Journal, 2(2), 2012, 1-11.
[2]. G. J. Nohynek, R. Fautz, F. Benech-Kieffer, and H. Toutain,―Toxicity and human health risk of hair dyes,‖ Food andChemical Toxicology, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 517–543, 2004.
[3]. Kiran GU, Shilpa N, Reddy KR, babu SC, Reddy KVY. A prospective observational study on prevalence of poisoning cases – focus on vasmol poisoning (Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) poisoning). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19(2), 2012, 225-6.
[4]. Jain PK, Agarwal N, Kumar P, Sengar NS, Akhtar A. Hair dye poisoning in Bundelkhand region (prospective analysis of hair dye poisoning cases presented in Department of Medicine, MLB Medical College, Jhansi). J Assoc Physicians India, 59, 2011, 415-9.
[5]. M. Sahay, R. Vani, and S. Vali, ―Hair dye ingestion—an uncommoncause of acute kidney injury,‖ Journal of Associationof Physicians of India, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 743–744, 2009.

Abstract: Background and objectives: Dental anxiety may act as an important limiting factor that interferes or rather prevents the effective utilization of the dental health care services available. As health care professionals, we need to have a better understanding and management strategies for the anxious patients. Hence this study was planned to estimate the prevalence of dental anxiety and evaluate the factors affecting it in patients reporting to one of the Dental College and Hospital in Pune. Methodology: 100 patients, aged above 18 years and who were willing to participate in the study were included in it. Modified Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was translated and linguistically validated in Marathi (local language), which was then used to assess the level of anxiety. Results: Study showed 60% of the participants with slight or fair amount of anxiety. Dental phobia was prevalent in 5% of the patients. Anxiety......

Keywords: Anxiety; Modified Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale; psychosocial; dental phobia

[1]. Aditya A, Lele S. Association between psychosocial disorders and oral health. J Dent Allied Sci 2015;4:84-8
[2]. Hawamdeh S, Awad M. Dental anxiety: Prevalence and associated factors. Eur J Gen Dent 2013;2:270-3.
[3]. Humphris GM, Morrison T and Lindsay SJE. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale: Validation and United Kingdom Norms' Community Dental Health 1995; 12: 143-50.[4]. Appukuttan D, Datchnamurthy M, Deborah SP, Hirudayara GJ,Tadepalli A, Victor DJ. Reliability and validity of the Tamil version of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Journal of Oral Science 2012; 54(4): 313-20.
[5]. Malvania EA, Ajithkrishnan CG. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of dental anxiety among a group of adult patients attending a dental institution in Vadodara city, Gujarat, India. Indian J Dent Res 2011;22:179-80.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether scar thickness measured by transabdominal sonography has any association with mode of delivery in patients with previous caesarean delivery. Methods: Pregnant women with previous one caesarean section underwent transabdominal sonography beyond 36 weeks of gestation to measure scar thickness. These scar thickness measurements were then correlated with the mode of delivery. The scar was measured at multiple sites (3–4) of the lower uterine segment and its thinnest portion was considered to be the scar. Result: Scar thickness was thinner in those patients having caesarean delivery than those having vaginal delivery and this difference was statistically significant. Those with LUS thickness <3mm, average 20 - 44% had successful VBAC. Those with LUS thickness of >3mm had successful VBAC in 40 - 60% patients. However, the association of scar thickness and probability.....

Keywords: Transvaginal sonography, Scar thickness, VBAC, Previous caesarean section, third trimester

[1]. World Health Organization. WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates: Geneva, Switzerland; 2015.
[2]. Registrar General of India. Census of India, Primary census abstract: a series. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India 2011: New Delhi. Switzerland; 2015..
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[5]. Althabe F, Sosa C, Belizán JM, Gibbons L, Jacquerioz F, Bergel E. Cesarean section rates and maternal and neonatal mortality in low-, medium-, and high-income countries: an ecological study. Birth. 2006;33(4):270–7. pmid:17150064

Abstract: Background: Oral health is an essential and integral part of overall health throughout human life. The mouth is the mirror that reflects human's health and well-being. Poor oral health has negative consequences on individuals' behaviours, which may affect an individual's performance at school, home and work as well as the individual's concentration and self-esteem. Individuals cannot enjoy their food and are shy to laugh and are unable to socialize. Sometimes they feel neglected and inferior to other healthy people (BMC Oral Health, 2013).

Keywords: Poor oral health, Smoking, alcohol, Miraa (khat)

[1]. Addo-Yobbo C., Williams S.A and Curzon M.E (2007). Dental caries experience in Ghana among 12 year old urban and rural school children. Caries Research, 25(4): 311-4.
[2]. Akrebs, W.A. Effects of dental flossing and tooth brushing on gingival bleeding. Journal of Periodontoly, (2009).
[3]. Aldossary A, Harrison V.E, Bernabe E (2015). Long term patterns of dental attendance and caries experience among British adults: a retrospective analysis. Eur Journal Oral Sci 123:39-45.
[4]. Amin T.T and Al-Abad B.M. (2017). Oral hygiene practices, dental knowledge, dietary habits and their relation to caries among male primary school children in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia: International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 6:361-370.
[5]. Anttonen V, Seppa L, Niinimaa A, Hausen H (2011). Dietary and oral hygiene intervention in secondary school pupils .Int J Paediatr Dent 21:81-88.

Abstract: Posterior capsular opacification is the most common delayed complication following cataract surgery. Nd -YAG laser capsulotomy is the gold standard treatment for PCO which is both simple and effective. This study was to find out the immediate visual outcome after performing Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for PCO and find out various complications after posterior capsulotomy. This observational prospective interventional type of study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi, U.P, India, over a period of 12 month duration (Feb 2019 to Mar. 2020). 112 patients with PCO who met the inclusion criteria were taken up for Nd-YAG laser.After thorough pre laser assessment Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed.....

Keywords: Cataract surgery, Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) laser, PCO (posterior capsular opacification) , VA (Visual aquity), IOP (intra ocular pressure), IOL (intra-ocular lens) pitting.

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[5]. Meacock WR, Spalton DJ, Boyce J, Marshall J. The effect of posterior capsule opacification on visual function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003; 44:4665–9..

Abstract: Background: Angle closure glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world.Prophylactic peripheral iridotomy widens the already narrow angle which makes the eye susceptible to sudden rise in intraocular pressure. The aim of this study was to study the change in refractive error,axial length(AXL),central anterior chamber depth(CACD) and intraocular pressure(IOP) following Nd-YAG peripheral iridotomy (PI) in primary angle closure suspects(PACS). Materials and Methods:100 eyes of 50 patients were included in the study conducted in a tertiary eye care hospital in Coimbatore. IOP was recorded using Goldmannapplanation tonometer, AXL and CACD were recorded using Tomey OA2000.Gonioscopy was done using Goldmann 3 mirror lens.Changes in Best corrected visual acuity, IOP,axial length(AXL),and central anterior chamber depth(ACD) were analysed,prior to and 1 week after the laser procedure......

Keywords: Laser Peripheral Iridotomy, Angle Closure disease

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Abstract: Background: Osteoarthritis of hand(HOA) is an underestimated disorder that commonly involves the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints and the carpo metacarpal joints(DIP, PIP and CMC) of the hand resulting in pain and physical disability requiring the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and sometimes surgical intervention too.In addition to symptoms directly related to the hand itself, it is also related to osteoarthritis at other sites and there is evidence that the presence of Hand OA increases the propensity for the development and progression of both knee and hip OA. This....

[1]. Dinesh Bhatia, Tatiana Bejarano, and Mario Novo1Current interventions in the management of knee osteoarthritis. PMCID: PMC3612336.J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2013 Jan-Mar; 5(1): 30–38.doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.106561 Indian J Orthop. 2016 Sep; 50(5): 518–522.doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.189608PMCID: PMC5017174 Chandra Prakash Pal, Pulkesh Singh,1 Sanjay Chaturvedi,2 Kaushal Kumar Pruthi, and Ashok Vij3.
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Abstract: Introduction:Despite the availability of modern effective antitubercular drugs and healthcare provisions, tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health problem, especially in developing countries as well as in ours. The spinal column is involved in less than 1% of all cases of tuberculosis. It constitutes 50% of all bone and joint TB. Proper selection of drug therapy and operative modalities are needed to optimize functional outcome for each individual case of Pott's disease. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical management by posterior decompression and stabilization by pedicle screw & rod with fusion in the treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis. Materials & Methods:......

Keywords: Posterior decompression, Posterolateral fusion, Surgical outcome, Thoracolumbar tuberculosis

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[2]. Patel, D.P., Gajjar, D.S., Gupta, D.A., 2017. Study of functional outcomes of surgical treatment of tuberculosis of spine with debridement and spinal fixation. International Journal of Orthopaedics Sciences, vol. 3(1), pp. 389-94.
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Abstract: Résumé: Contexte : Les tumeurs rhabdoïdes rénales sont des tumeurs rares mais elles représentent les tumeurs malignes rénales les plus agressives de l'enfant. Objectifs :Décrire, à travers 4 cas illustratifs, les différents aspects cliniques, biologiques et radiologiques des tumeurs rhabdoïdes rénales de l'enfant. Etoffer et singulariser leurs aspects en imagerie par l'illustration de localisations extra-rénales synchrones........

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