iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: Aim – Preoperative clopidogrel use within 5 days of cardiac operations is controversial. Clopidogrel could reduce cardiovascular complications and yet might increase risk of bleeding. Recent reports showed conflicting results, and whether clopidogrel has variable effects for different cardiac surgical procedures is unclear. So this study was aimed at finding out the effect of clopidogrel on adverse events in patients undergoing cardiac suregry Materials & methods - A single-center retrospective cohort analysis was performed. After propensity score matching (PSM) for identified confounders, the relationship between preoperative clopidogrel use and 30-day all-cause mortality, postoperative renal failure, major adverse cardiocerebral events (MACE), blood transfusion, reoperation for bleeding, and postoperative infection were estimated with separate logistic regression models.......

Keywords:- preoperative clopidogrel Cardiovascular complications Cardiac surgery

[1]. Tran H, Anand SS. Oral antiplatelet therapy in cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, and peripheral arterial disease. JAMA 2004;292:1867–74.
[2]. Lavi S, Lavi R. Perioperative management of antiplatelet agents in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothoracic Vasc Anesth 2012;26:680–6.
[3]. Chesebro JH, Clements IP, Fuster V, et al. A platelet-inhibitor- drug trial in coronary-artery bypass operations: benefit of perioperative dipyridamole and aspirin therapy on early postoperative vein-graft patency. N Engl J Med 1982;307:73–8.
[4]. Goldman S, Copeland J, Moritz T, et al. Saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after coronary artery bypass surgery and effects of antiplatelet therapy. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. Circulation 1989;80:1190–7.
[5]. Sun JC, Teoh KH, Lamy A, et al. Randomized trial of aspirin and clopidogrel versus aspirin alone for the prevention of coronary artery bypass graft occlusion: the Preoperative Aspirin and Postoperative Antiplatelets in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting study. Am Heart J 2010;160:11780–4.

Abstract: Background:Despite the recent developments in aesthetic materials, the coloring of dental materials poses a major problem. Color stability is an important criterion in restoration success. This study aimed to examine the effect of the termocyles process on coloration on the newly available materials such as CAD/CAM blocks and bulk-fill resin composites. Materials and Methods: The two CAD/CAM block (Shofu Block HC,Vita Enamic) and one bulk-fill resin ( Tetric N Ceram) composite were tested. A total of 45 disks (30/block and 15/bulk-fill resin composites, 10 x 4 mm) were fabricated. Fifteen specimens.....

Key Word: CAD/CAM block; Discoloration; Bulk-fill resin composite; Thermocycling

[1] K. W. Boening, M. H. Walter, and P. ‐D Repel, ―Non‐cast titanium restorations in fixed prosthodontics,‖ J. Oral Rehabil., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 281–287, 1992, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1992.tb01103.x.
[2] C. D. Lynch, K. B. Frazier, R. J. McConnell, I. R. Blum, and N. H. F. Wilson, ―State-of-the-art techniques in operative dentistry: Contemporary teaching of posterior composites in UK and Irish dental schools,‖ Br. Dent. J., 2010, doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.674.
[3] J. L. Ferracane, ―Resin composite - State of the art,‖ Dental Materials. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.020.
[4] M. J. Roggendorf, N. Krämer, A. Appelt, M. Naumann, and R. Frankenberger, ―Marginal quality of flowable 4-mm base vs. Conventionally layered resin composite,‖ J. Dent., 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.07.004.
[5] J. S. Rees, D. C. Jagger, D. R. Williams, G. Brown, and W. Duguid, ―A reappraisal of the incremental packing technique for light cured composite resins,‖ J. Oral Rehabil., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 81–84, 2004, doi: 10.1046/j.0305-182X.2003.01073.x.

Abstract: Background-Our daily recommended use of potassium is 3.5 gm/day 1. Potassium is a positive electrically charged particle called anions that takes part in carrying the nerve impulses. In healthy person safe level of potassium varies between 3.7 and 5.2 milliequivqnt per liter (mEq/L).8 Till the kidney functions are not compromised physiological level is maintained Even in low or high intake of potassium. Complication of hyperkalemia is slow heart beat and weak pulse but in case of severe hyperkalemia there may be stoppage of cardiac impulse.1......

Key words: HbA1c ,glycated hemoglobin.FEK Fractional excretion of potassium, FBS, Fasting Blood sugar

[1]. Guidelines:Potassium intake for adults and children. World Health Organization, 2012
[2]. M Elisaf, KC Siamopoulos Fractional excretion of potassium in normal subjects and in patients with hypokalaemia Postgrad MedJ 1995; 71: 211-212
[3]. Gettes LS. Effects of ionic changes on impulse propagation. In: Rosen MR, Janse MJ, Wit AL, editors. Cardiac electrophysiology: a textbook. Mount Kisco (NY): Futura Publishing Co; 1990. p. 459–80.
[4]. JaimeUribarri MD Man S.Oh MD Hugh J.Carroll MD Hyperkalemia in diabetes mellitus Journal of Diabetic ComplicationsVolume 4, Issue 1, January–March 1990, Pages 3-7
[5]. Ueda Y Ookawara S Ito K Miyazawa H Kaku Y Hoshino T Tabei K, Changes in urinary potassium excretion in patients with chronic kidney disease Kidney Research and Clinical Practice, 27 Feb 2016, 35(2):78-83

Abstract: Background: Orthodontic treatment in teenagers is very common due to various advantages and enhanced life quality post treatment. In recent time various investigative tools are also commonly available to monitor effectiveness of ongoing treatment. However on extension of treatment duration due to some reasons, Quality of Life is severely impacted. The present case study discus a case where orthodontic treatment was initiated at the age of 17 years. However, during the course of treatment it was revealed that a milky tooth is retained. It was to be removed by laser treatment thus extending the duration of treatment. Finally a zirconia bridging was applied to successfully conclude the treatment.......

Key Word: Impacted Canine; Quality of Life; CBCT; Orthodontic Treatment; Bracing; Ocular Hazards

[1]. Klaus Bsl Batista et.al,Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (class II Malocclusion) in children and adolescents:Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, PMID: 29534303.
[2]. Salvatore Settineri et, al ,Dental Aesthetics perception and eating behavior in Adolescence: Int J Adolesc Med Health, 27 (3),311-7: PMID:25720040, DOI:10.1515/ijamh-2014-0031.
[3]. Diang Jing et.al :Effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral microbia and salivary proteins: Exp. Ther Med. 17 (5),4237-4243, PMID: 30988796:DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7401.
[4]. Mariko Naito wt.al :Effects of dental treatment on the quality of life and activities of daily living in institutionalized elderly in Japan: Arch Gerontol Geriatr,50(1),65-8: PMID: 19261341, DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.01.013.
[5]. L Sischo et.al,Oral Health-related quality of life: what ,why , how, and future implications, J Dent Res, 90 (11), 1264-70: PMID : 21422477, DOI: 10.1177/002203451139918.

Abstract: BACKGROUND- Atrophic acne scars are difficult to treat. The treatment of acne scars is challenging due to variety in morphology of acne scars and the limitations of the available treatment modalities in their ability to improve scars. The demand for less invasive but highly effective treatment for scars is growing. AIM –To assess the efficacy of combination therapy usingsubcision and microneedling for the management of atrophic acne scars. MATERIAL AND METHOD–Thirty patients with atrophic acne scars were graded using Goodman and Baron qualitative grading.After subcision and microneedling was performed in the same sitting.This procedure was repeated after every 4 weeks for 6 sessions.Grading of acne scars,photographs were taken pretreatment and 1 month after last procedure.......

Keywords - subcison, dermaroller for acne scars

[1]. GhodsiSZ,Orawa H, ZouboulisCC.Prevalence, severity, and severity risk factors of acne in high school pupils: A community –based study . J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:2136-41.
[2]. Williams C, Layton AM.Persistent acne in woman :Implications for the patients and for therapy.Am J Clindermatol, 2006 :7:281-90.
[3]. Capitanio B,SinagraJL,Bordingnon V, CordialiFeiP,PicardoM,ZouboulisCC.Underestimated clinical features of postadolescentacne.J Am Acad Dermatol.2010;63:782-8.
[4]. Orentreich DS,OrentreichN.Acne scar revision update.DermatolClin 1987;5:359-68.
[5]. Jacob CI, Dover JS, KaminerMS.Acne scarring :a classification system and review of treatment options.J Am AcadDermatol .2005;45:109-17

Abstract: In young pediatric patient the endodontic management of immature non vital permanent teeth is a great challenge to dentist. There is difficulty in debridement and obturation as the walls of the root canals are frequently divergent and open apexes are present. Apexification is a technique to generate a calcific barrier in a root with an open apex or the sustained apical development of an incomplete root in teeth with necrotic pulp. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of MTA. In this case series both calcium hydroxide and MTA were used successfully for apexification procedure in teeth with open apex

Keywords- Young permanent maxillary incisor, open apex, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, apexification

[1]. Muhamad AH, Azzaldeen A, Mai A. Single step apexification with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) – Case Report. IOSR-JDMS. 2013 Feb2(8)
[2]. Silveira CM, Sebrão CC, Vilanova LS, Sánchez-Ayala A. Apexification of an immature permanent incisor with the use of calcium hydroxide: 16-year follow-up of a case. Case reports in dentistry. 2015;2015.
[3]. Patil BR, Patil PB, Patil AN. Apexification in a non-vital tooth: By control of infection. Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization. 2010 Jan 1;2(1):36.
[4]. Simon S, Rilliard F, Berdal A, Machtou P. The use of mineral trioxide aggregate in one‐visit apexification treatment: a prospective study. International Endodontic Journal. 2007 Mar;40(3):186-97.
[5]. Gawthaman M, Vinodh S, Mathian VM, Vijayaraghavan R, Karunakaran R. Apexification with calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate: Report of two cases. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences. 2013 Jul;5(Suppl 2):S131..

Abstract: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is characterized by the erythematous gingiva, desquamation and erosion of the gingival epithelium, and blister formation. It is a common clinical manifestation in several diseases. Contact allergic reactions to various oral hygiene products and chemical agents have also been reported to represent as DG. The management of DG has been a major problem, largely because the etiology of the disease has been elusive. In this paper, my aim was to review the current literature on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, management and prognosis of DG.

Keywords: Desquamative gingivitis, Mucocutaneous diseases, Contact allergic reactions

[1]. Desquamation (Online)[Internet] [access date: october 6th 2012]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desquamation .
[2]. Scully C, Porter SR. The clinical spectrum of desquamative gingivitis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1997;16(4):308–313.
[3]. Guiglia R, Di Liberto C, Pizzo G, Picone L, Lo Muzio L, Gallo PD, Campisi G, D'Angelo M. A combined treatment regimen for desquamative gingivitis in patients with oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36(2):110–116. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00478.x.
[4]. Prinz H. Chronic diffuse desquamative gingivitis. Dental Cosmos. 1932;74:331–333.
[5]. Endo H, Rees TD, Kuyama K, Matsue M, Yamamoto H. Use of oral exfoliative cytology to diagnose desquamative gingivitis: a pilot study. Quintessence Int. 2008;39(4).

Abstract: Purpose: To study the relation between Rim area, Cup area and intra ocular pressure within 1 week pre-operative and 1week, 1 and 3 month post-operatively in a population of clinical patients with primary open angle glaucoma undergone trabeculectomy in the Sub-Himalayan region. Methods: Patient sample size consisting of n=27 were accessed for primary open angle glaucoma. The sample population consists of adults with open anterior chamber angle and with demonstrative RNFL damage, with corresponding visual field loss. Average Rim area, Cup area measurements were taken on Topcon 3D OCT-1 Maestro. Intra ocular pressure is measured by using a Goldman's Applanation Tonometer. and intra ocular pressure within a week before surgery......

Keywords- Optical Coherence Tomography; Trabeculectomy; Rim Area, Cup Area, Intra Ocular Pressure, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma;

[1]. Manik Goel, Renata G Picciani, Richard K Lee, Sanjoy K Bhattacharya. Aqueous Humor Dynamics: A Review. Open Ophthalmol J. 2010; 4: 52–59
[2]. Young H. Kwon, John H. Fingert, Markus H. Kuehn, Wallace L.M. Alward. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. N Engl J Med. 2009 March 12; 360(11): 1113–1124.
[3]. Monica Gandhi, Suneeta Dubey. Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Head in Glaucoma. Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice, September-December 2013; 7(3):106-114 107.
[4]. Teresa C. Chen. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in glaucoma: qualitative and quantitative analysis of the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (an AOS thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2009; 107:254-281
[5]. NHMRC Guidelines for the Screening, Prognosis, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Glaucoma 2010: 39-45, 65-88...

Abstract: Background:Leprosy along with its sequelaeare quite prevalent in developing country like India. Due to the nerve damage that occurs in this disease, patients are prone for developing ulcerations at pressure bearing sites. The aim of this study was to study epidemiology, frequency and localisation of plantar ulcers in leprosy patients.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was done over a period of 8 months from July 2019 to February 2020 on all Leprosy patients attending OPD and IPD of Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy at a tertiary care centre. Results:A total of 344 patients of Leprosy were selected. 22.1% of these which is around 76 patients were found to have plantar ulcers (49-males & 27-females). The study revealed that 38.2% of plantar ulcers were localised to base.....

Keywords- Leprosy, Nerve damage,Epidemiology, Frequency , Localisation , Plantar Ulcer, Deformities, Protective footwear.

[1]. Srinivasan H. Prevention of disabilities in patients with leprosy- A practical guide. Geneva: WHO;1993,p.51.
[2]. Srinivasan H. Management of ulcers in neurologically impaired feet in leprosy affected persons. In:Scwarz R, Brendsma W, eds. Surgical reconstruction and rehabilitation in leprosy and other neuropathies. Kathmandu: Ekta books; 2004:193-226.
[3]. Kazen RO. Management of plantar ulcers in leprosy. Lepr Rev,1999;70:63-69.
[4]. Stratford CJ, Owen BM. The effect of footwear on sensory testing in leprosy. Lepr Rev,1994;65:58-65.
[5]. Birke JA, Sims DS. Plantar sensory threshold in the ulcerative foot. Lepr Rev,1986;57:261-267.

Abstract: Background and Objective: Major disadvantage of resin composite is polymerization shrinkage, which can result in marginal discrepancies leading to microleakage. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of three Nanohybrid Composite resins (Estelite Alpha, Brilliant™ NG, Estelite Sigma Quick) to prevent microleakage in Class V resin composite restorations. Methodology: A Total of 60 sound extracted premolars were selected on which Class V cavities were prepared with occlusal margin in enamel and the gingival margin dentine/cementum. Teeth samples were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 20), after etching and bonding samples were restored with nanocomposites (Estelite Alpha, Brilliant™ NG, Estelite Sigma....

Keywords- Acid etching, Cementum, Composite resin, Dentin, Enamel, Nano-hybrid

[1]. Atul Jain, D Deepti, Pradeep N Tavane, Ashmita Singh, Pankaj Gupta, Anjali Gupta, Shweta Sonkusre. Evaluation of microleakage of recent nano-hybrid composites in class v restorations: an in vitro study. International journal of advanced health sciences. 2015; 2(1); 8-12.
[2]. Ferracane JL. Resin composite-state of the art. Dent Mater. 2011;27:29-38.
[3]. Ferracane JL. Placing dental composites a stressful experience.Oper Dent. 2008;33:247-257.
[4]. Yammazaki PCV, Bedran-Russo AKB, Pereira PNR, Swift Jr EJ. Microleakage evaluation of a new low-shrinkage composite restorative material. Oper Dent 2006;31:670–6.
[5]. Yoshikawa T, Nakaoki Y, Takada T, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Effect of light-curing method and irradiation time on marginal sealing and cavity wall adaptation of resin composite restorations. Am J Dent 2003;16:63A–7A..

Abstract: Aim: To compare cyclic fatigue resistance of Protaper Gold and Hyflex EDM Nickel Titanium rotary endodontic files used in root canals with 300,600 and 900 angulations and 2mm radius of curvature Materials and Methods: 39 new NiTi instruments from each group were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests in simulated root canals with 30, 60 and 90 degrees curvatures (n=13) in each sub group. Custom made jig was made and the instruments were rotated according to manufactures recommendations. The time taken to fracture was recorded and numbers of cycles to fracture were calculated. All data was subjected to statistical analysis using Mann Whitney U test. For repeated measures Friedman test was used.SEM analysis was done to evaluate type of fracture....

Keywords- Cyclic fatigue resistance Protaper Gold, Hyflex EDM

[1]. Markus Haapasalo,UnniEndal, Homan Zandi, Coil. Eradication of endodontic infection by instrumentation and irrigation solutions. Endodontic Topics 2005, 10, 77–102
[2]. P. Kiefner, M. Ban, G. De-Deus. Is the reciprocating movement per se able to improve the cyclic fatigue resistance of instruments? IntEndod J. 2014 May; 47(5): 430–436.
[3]. D. Fife, G. Gambarini, L. r. BrittoLr. Cyclic fatigue testing of ProTaperNiTi rotary instruments after clinical use. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod. 2004 Feb; 97(2): 251–256.
[4]. C. Pirani, F. Iacono, L. Generali, P. Sassatelli, C. Nucci, L. Lusvarghi, M. G. Gandolfi, C. Prati.HyFlex EDM: superficial features, metallurgical analysis and fatigue resistance of innovative electro discharge machined NiTi rotary instruments. IntEndod J. 2016 May; 49(5): 483–493.
[5]. G. S. P. Cheung, "Instrument fracture: mechanisms, removal of fragments, and clinical outcomes," Endodontic Topics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–26, 2007..