iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2020

Abstract: Trichobezoar is a rare condition that may pose a diagnostic challenge. Patients with this condition often have an underlying psychiatric illness, and history may not be easily forthcoming. The condition more common in young females. Delay in diagnosis may lead to severe complications. We present a case of 14 years female with complaints of abdominal pain for 1 days with history of early satiety for 1 weeks and nausea and vomiting for 1 weeks.

Key Word: trichobezoar, paediatricpsychiatrydisorder, epigastric mass, trichotillomania

[1]. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA, 4th edition, 2000.
[2]. G. A. Christenson and S. J. Crow, "The characterization and treatment of Trichotillomania," Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 42–49, 1996.
[3]. C. Bouwer and D. J. Stein, "Trichobezoars in trichotillomania: case report and literature overview," Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 658–660, 1998.
[4]. M. R. Phillips, S. Zaheer, and G. T. Drugas, "Gastric trichobezoar: case report and literature review," Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 73, no. 7, pp. 653–656, 1998..

Abstract: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the single most important cause of maternal death worldwide, and increases morbidity and mortality in millions of women who give birth. Prophylactic use of uterotonic agents prevents and reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with postpartum haemorrhage. In the developing countries, where the prevalence of anaemia is high, postpartum haemorrhage can have a higher toll on morbidity and mortality and hence the healthcare costs associated with it. According to the World Health Organisation, 25% of maternal deaths occur due to postpartum haemorrhage. In India, the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage is 2-4% following vaginal delivery and 6% following Caesarean section.1 In prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, traditional uterotonics (oxytocin or ergot derivatives) outperform prostaglandin analogues because their onset of action is faster and, in the case of oxytocin, there are fewer side effects.2.....

[1]. Devi, K.P., Singh, L.R., Singh, L.B., Singh, M.R. and Singh, N.N. Postpartum Hemorrhage and Maternal Deaths in North East India. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015;5: 635-638.
[2]. Heesen et al. Consensus statement on uterotonic agents during caesarean section. Anaesthesia, 2019; 74: 1305–1319.
[3]. Uvnäs-Moberg et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ,2019; 19:285.
[4]. Kruse J Oxytocin: pharmacology and clinical application. J Fam Pract. 1986 Nov;23(5):473-9.
[5]. World Health Organization recommendations: Uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage; 2018..

Abstract: Synovial Hemangiomas are benign tumours of vascular origin and isa rare cause of knee swelling.A 25 year old gentleman presented with knee pain & swelling in the outer aspect of right knee joint for over17 years.On examination ,patient had a well-defined swelling on the superoanterolateral aspect of right knee.X ray and blood parameters were normal.MRIscan showed heterogeneously enhancing recticulated T1hypointense,T2 iso-hyperintense lesion lateral to the distal shaft of femur in relation to the synovium of the knee joint with T2 hypointense rim and septae.Surgical excision was performed and histopathologic examination confirmed synovial cavernoushemangioma.Post-operative recovery was uneventful and atfollow up after 3 months of the procedure , patient remained asymptomatic with full range of knee movements..

Key words: Hemangioma,MRI,synovium

[1]. Choudhari P, Ajmera A. Haemangioma of knee joint: a case report. MalaysOrthop J. 2014;8(2):43–5.
[2]. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW. Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of bloodvessels. In: Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. St Louis: MO, Mosby; 1988. p 489-53
[3]. Thomas Cf, Evarts Cm. Cavernous hemangioma of the synovial membrane of the knee joint. Cleveland Clin. Quart. 1965;32:223.
[4]. Bawa AS, Garg R, Bhatnagar K, Singal S. Synovial Hemangioma of the Knee Management and Excellent Outcome 2 Years after Arthroscopic Synovectomy in a 25-year-old Male with a 20-year History. Journal of orthopaedic case reports. 2017 May;7(3):17.
[5]. Ghani N, Tahiri L, Ibrahimi A, Elmrini A, Harzy T. Cavernous angioma of the knee: A case report. The Egyptian Rheumatologist. 2012 Jul 1;34(3):127-30.

Abstract: The primary benefit from direct oral anticoagulants is a decreased rate of significant bleeding, particularly intracranial hemorrhaging, against vitamin K antagonists. The absence of preclinical and clinical evidence is concerned because numerous supplements to the clotting factor have been used in patients who have been administered with direct oral anticoagulants caused by severe bleeding. Idarucizumab is a certain 350 fold antibody that has a larger affinity to dabigatran than its pharmacological target thrombin. Andexanet is a modified factor Xa molecule, which connects Xa inhibitors directly and indirectly without enzyme activity. The ability of Ciraparantag is to reverse the behavior of several anticoagulants.

Key words: DOACs, idarucizumab, andexanet alfa, ciraparantag.

[1]. www.dovepress.com
[2]. s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com
[3]. Levy, J. H. (2016). Discontinuation and management of direct-acting anticoagulants for emergency procedures. The American journal of medicine, 129(11), S47-S53.
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Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the pattern of cranial injuries associated with maxillofacial trauma in Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital situated near the national highway, which receives a lot of road traffic accident cases. Method: This retrospective study was carried out with computer tomographs and their reports of polytrauma patients who were brought to this trauma centre. Majority of the cases were road traffic accident cases. Data was collected from the year 2016 to 2020, including age, gender, and anatomical site of fracture and brain injuries

Key Words: Cranial injuries, computerized tomography, Subdural haemorrhage, Extradural haemorrhage, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Axonal injury, Maxillofacial injury.

[1]. Adel Hames Elbaih, Doaa et al Patterns of brain injuries associated with maxillofacial fractures and its fate in emergency Egyptian polytrauma patients. Chinese journal of traumatology.
[2]. Muralee Mohan Choonthar, Ananthan Raghothaman Journal of clinical and diagnostic research 2016 Jan; 10(1): ZE01-ZE06.
[3]. Fonseca R J, Walker R V, Barber H D et al Oral and maxillofacial trauma 4th ed. Missouri: Elsevier; 2013 Neurological evaluation and management.
[4]. Rajandram R K, Syed Omar S N, Rashdi M F N et al Maxillofacial injuries and traumatic brain injuries - a pilot study. Dent traumatol. 2014; 30(2):128-32.
[5]. Smith M. Monitoring intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury. Anaesth Analg. 2008; 106(1):240-48..

Abstract: Alleviation of pain is one of the most fundamental goals in anesthesiology. Postoperative pain, apart from patient's suffering, has many other adverse physiological and psychological effects like respiratory depression, circulatory disturbances and metabolic stress responses induced by anesthesia and surgery.Thus, postoperative pain management plays a vital role in deciding the overall outcome of any surgery. Subarachnoid block was introduced in 1885 by J. Leonard Corning. It was first used by Bier in 1898. The concept of post-operative analgesia is gaining importance in recent times. Many adjuvants like opioids, adrenaline, ketamine, benzodiazepines, neostigmine have been used along local anaesthetic agents....

[1]. Hawksworth C, Serpell M. Intrathecal anaesthesia with ketamine. Regional anaesthesia 1998;23:283-8.
[2]. Liu S, Chiu AA, Carpenter RL, et al. Fentanyl prolongs lidocaine spinal anaesthesia without prolonging recovery. Anaesth Analg 1995;80:730-4.
[3]. Racle JP, B.A. Poy PJ, Gleizal B. Prolongation of isobaric bupivacaine spinalanaesthesia with epinephrine and clonidine for hip surgery in the elderly. Anesth Analg.1987;66:442-6.
[4]. R.K. Stoeling, 5th edition, Chapter-6, pg : 204, Chapter-3, pg:104-109, Chapter-7, pg:180-203
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Abstract: Anomalie très rare du coude, décrite pour la première fois par Felix Visc d'Azyr en 1774, la patella cubiti, qui est exceptionnellement bilatérale (1), se caractérise par la séparation d'une partie ou de l'ensemble e l'olécrane ulnaire (1,2), nous décrivons le cas d'une patella cubiti bilatérale chez un patient de 38 ans sportif de haut niveau...

[1]. Bilateral PatellarCubiti: A Case Report KorakritKhomarwut, MD1 ; WatooSutthisast, MD1 ; UraratVasuntaraporn, MD2 ; OlarnArpornchayanon, MD2 The Bangkok Medical Journal Vol. 15, No.1; February 2019
[2]. Gunn G. Patella cubiti. Br J Surg 1928;15(60):612–5. Kattan KR, Nabcock DS. Case report 105. Bilateral patella cubiti. Skeletal Radiol 1979;4(4):249-50.
[3]. Kattan KR, Nabcock DS. Case report 105. Bilateral patella cubiti. SkeletalRadiol 1979;4(4):249-50.
[4]. Pillay VK. Congenital (developmental) abnormalities of the elbow joint. Singapore Med J 1963;2(4):142-6.
[5]. Mittal R, Sampath Kumar V, Gupta T. Patella cubiti: a case report and literature review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2014;134(4):467-71..

Abstract: Les tumeurs primitives des nerfs périphériques représentent 1 à 2% des tumeurs des tissus mous. [1,2]. Il convient de distinguer le schwannomes bénin et le neurofibrome des tumeurs malignes survenant généralement au cours d'une maladie de Recklinghausen [1,2]. Nous rapportons 2 cas rares de Schwannome développé aux dépens du nerf médian. L'origine nerveuse de la tumeur ayant été suspectée en préopératoire sur ses caractéristiques cliniques et confronté aux données de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique

[1]. Alnot J.Y, Bosquet L, Cheveigné C, Génin J, tumeur primitive des nerfs périphériques Encycl-méd-chir (Paris, France) appareil locomoteur, 15004 A10, 1989 : 4p.
[2]. Enzinger F.M, Weiss S.W, soft tissue tumors, 2nd Saint-Louis, Mosby, 1988
[3]. Amis J. A, Smith W neurilemoma of the tibial nerve, J.Bone ). L'examen, 1992, 47 A, 433-444
[4]. Hecht OA, Haas A : Regionalmultiplicity J. Bonerilemoma, Hand, 1982, 14, 97-99.
[5]. Culvin W.T, Johnson K.A, Rieman H.M, Spiegl P.V neurolemoma of the lowerextremity. Foot and Ankle, 1986, 6 194-198.

Abstract:Introduction: Cranio-facial trauma is more common in children who are below 13 years of age because of their greater cranial mass to body ratio. Mandibular fractures are relatively less frequent in children as compared to adults. Pediatric patients present a unique challenge in terms of their treatment planning and in their functional needs. Treatment is usually performed without delay and can be limited to observation or closed reduction in non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures. Children require long-term follow-up to monitor potential growth abnormalities. Following is a case report on the fabrication of an open occlusal lateral compression splint with circummandibular wiring as a treatment modality of a 3-year-old girl with fractured body of mandible involving fewer risks.......

Keywords: Lateral Compression, Mandibular fracture , Pediatric, Open occlusal splint.

[1]. Bhola, Nitin & Jadhav, Anendd & Borle, Rajiv & Khemka, Gaurav & Adwani, Nitin & Bhattad, Mayur. (2013). Lateral
compression open cap splint with circummandibular wiring for management of pediatric mandibular fractures: A retrospective audit
of 10 cases. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. 18. 10.1007/s10006-013-0391-8.
[2]. Tanaka N, Uchide N, Suzuki K et al (1993) Maxillofacial fractures in children. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 21:289–293
[3]. Baumann A, Troulis MJ, Kaban LB (2004) Facial trauma II: dentoalveolar injuries and mandibular fractures. In: Kaban LB,
[4]. Troulis JM (eds) Pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery. Elsevier, New York, pp 441–461
[5]. Dodson TB (1995) Mandibular fractures in children.OMS Knowledge update 1 (part II); 1:95–107

Abstract: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) consists of range of disorders which cannot be explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. Managing functional abdominal pain by traditional pharmacological therapies in children are failing to achieve the desired outcome, whereas new pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are showing promising results. The aim of this review is to provide the clinicians an overview and summary of recent literature of pharmacological and non-pharmacological options in management of functional abdominal pain in children and adolescent. This review article discusses about latest evidences which includes randomized controlled trials, retrospective studies, reviews, observational studies and evidence based medicine search on.....

Keywords: functional abdominal pain; functional gastrointestinal disorders; probiotics; children; adolescent; paediatric; non pharmacological management; review article

[1]. Paul SP, Basude D. Non-pharmacological management of abdominal painrelated functional gastrointestinal disorders in 244 A. Brusaferro et al. children. Torquay, UK World J Pediatr, 2016. Available at: http:// www.wjpch.com. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.
[2]. Garber J, Zeman J, Walker LS. Recurrent abdominal pain in children: psychiatric diagnoses and parental psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;29:648-56.
[3]. Apley, J. & Naish, N. Recurrent abdominal pains: a field survey of 1,000 school children. Arch. Dis. Child. 33, 165–170 (1958).
[4]. Gomez-Suarez R. Difficulties in the diagnosis and management of functional or recurrent abdominal pain in children. Pediatr Ann. 2016;45:e388–93.
[5]. Tringali A, Thomson M, Dumonceau JM, Tavares M, Tabbers MM, Furlano R, Spaander M, Hassan C, Tzvinikos C, Ijsselstijn H, Viala J, Dall'Oglio L, Benninga M, Orel R, Vandenplas Y, Keil R, Romano C, Brownstone E, Hlava Sˇ, Gerner P, Dolak W, Landi R, Huber WD, Everett S, Vecsei A, Aabakken L, AmilDias J, Zambelli A. Pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Guideline Executive summary. Endoscopy. 2017;49:83–91.

Abstract: Aims: To compare surgically induced astigmatism after manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with different distance of superior corneo-scleral incision (CSI) posterior to the limbus . Material & Method: A prospective case study of 75 pateints who had undergone MSICS were divided in three groups according to the distance of superior corneo-scleral incision, 1mm, 2mm and 3 mm away from limbus in group A ,B and C respectively. The visual acuity, refraction and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) were evaluated.....

Keywords: Manual small incision cataract surgery,Surgically induced astigmatism

[1]. Mc Carey BE, Polack FM, Marshall W. The phacoemulsification procedure. I. The effect of intraocular irrigating solutions on the corneal endothelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1976;15:449‑57. Ammous I, Bouayed
[2]. E, Mabrouk S, Boukari M, Erraies K, Zhioua R, et al. Phacoemulsification versus manual small incision cataract surgery: Anatomic and functional results. J Fr Ophtalmol 2017;40:460‑6.
[3]. Pershing S, Kumar A. Phacoemulsification versus extracapsular
[4]. Mallik VK, Kumar S, Kamboj R, Jain C, Jain K, Kumar S, et al. Comparison of astigmatism following manual small incision cataract surgery: Superior versus temporal approach. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012;4:54‑8.
[5]. Pawar RK. Pearls and pitfalls in small incision cataract surgery. In: Garg A, Sahu A, editors. Masters Guide to Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee; 2010. p. 281‑3.