iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2021

Abstract: Background : The main aim of this article to study the incidence of rise in intraocular pressure with topical prednisolone acetate (1%) eye drops in patients undergoing cataract surgery. This prospective study was undertaken in a tertiary care center, 100 eyes which underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery were studied for IOP rise up to six weeks of usage of prednisolone acetate (1%) eye drops, following cataract surgery. Results: Out of 86 patients, 10(12%) patients had a rise of IOP more than 25 mm of Hg on first postoperative day. Out of these, 8 (80%)patients had a rise of IOP between 25-30 mm of Hg.29 (35%) patients had an IOP rise of more than 6 mm of Hg, of which 4(5%) patients have more than 16 mm of Hg after 6 weeks of cataract surgery.....

Keywords: Steroids; Cataract; Intraocular pressure

[1]. Shield's textbook of glaucoma 6th edition.
[2]. Clinical ophthalmology Jack J, Kanski, 8th edition.
[3]. Becker Shaffer's diagnosis and therapy of glaucomas, 8th edition..

Abstract: Background: Ropivacaine has a clinical profile similar to bupivacaine with less toxic effects on the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Moreover, ropivacaine may have a shorter time to recover motor function compared with bupivacaine. Ropivacaine may be an appropriate option in spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of the prostate. Objectives: This paper compared the anesthetic efficacy and the adverse effects of intrathecal ropivacaine plus fentanyl with bupivacaine plus fentanyl. Patients and methods: One hundred and sixty patients of ASA I – III, 55 – 80 years scheduled for transurethral resection of prostate under.......

Keywords: intrathecal, transurethral resection of prostate, ropivacaine

[1]. Mebust W: Transurethral surgery. Campbell's Urology 1992, 2912.
[2]. Mebust W, Holtgrewe H, Cockett A, Peters P, Committee W: Transurethral prostatectomy: immediate and postoperative complications. A cooperative study of 13 participating institutions evaluating 3,885 patients. The Journal of urology 2002, 167(2 Part 2):999-1003.
[3]. Sinh TN: Indicated endoscopic ablation in obstruction of the lower urinary tract due to benign prostate tumors. Ho Chi Minh University of Medicine and Pharmacy: Ho Chi Minh University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 2001.
[4]. Atabekoğlu S, Bozkırlı F: Comparison of the clinical effects of intrathecal ropivacaine and bupivacaine in geriatric patients undergoing transurethral resection. Gazi Medical Journal 2007, 18(4).
[5]. Leone S, Di Cianni S, Casati A, Fanelli G: Pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical use of new long-acting local anesthetics, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine. Acta Biomed 2008, 79(2):92-105.

Abstract: Background: Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Gangetic West Bengal is a matter of great concern. Groundwater is the main source of drinking and cooking for millions of inhabitant in this part of the world. Method: A literature survey was done to understand the cause of widespread arsenic in the aquifer material when concentrations are typically less than 10 ppm in sandy sediment and less than 100 ppm in clays and peats which is quite unusual. Study was conducted in a small cluster of 5 km2 area having a population of 5000 people in Kasimpore, North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal where samples were taken from different tubewells to measure the arsenic content. The villagers.....

Keywords: Arsenic, groundwater

[1]. Mandal, B. K., Suzuki, K. T. (2002), "Arsenic round the world: a review", Talanta 58, 201–235.
[2]. Nriagu, J.O., Azcue, J.M. (1990), Arsenic in the Environment. Part 1: Cycling and Characterization, John Wiley and Sons, Inc : New York, pp.1–15.
[3]. Smedley, P.L., Kinniburgh, D.G. (2002), "A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters" Applied Geochemistry 17, 517-568.
[4]. Abernathy, C.O., Liu, Y.P., Longfellow, D., Aposhian, H.V., Beck, B., Fowler, B. (1999), "Arsenic: health effects, mechanisms of actions, and research issues", Environ Health Perspect 107(7),593-597
[5]. Rahman, M., Tondel, M., Ahmad, S. A., Chowdhury, I.A., Faruquee, M.H., Axelson, O. (1999), "Hypertension and arsenic exposure in Bangladesh" Hypertension, 33,74-78.

Abstract: Introduction: With diabetic patients, proper nutrition is the core of treatment and care. To choose healthy foods, people need to know and understand the information on food labels. Few studies investigate the use of food labels in the general and nutritional information on food labels, particularly for diabetic patients in Vietnam. This study is conducted to evaluate the reading rate of nutritional information on food labels of diabetic patients and related factors in Ben Cat town, Binh Duong province to find out the difficulties - obstacles, Appropriate solutions provide nutritional knowledge in disease prevention and treatment. Objective: This study determined the Nutritional Information Reading Food Panel (NIRFP) in diabetic patients in Ben Cat town, Binh Duong province, in 2018 and the relationship between health worker consulting and NIRFP......

Keywords: Nutritional Information Reading Food Panel, NIRFD, Diabetes

[1]. Đoàn Thị Hường (2015) ''Tỉ lệ đọc thông tin dinh dưỡng trên nhãn mác thực phẩm và các yếu tố liên quan của bệnh nhân đái tháo đường tại bệnh viện Phú Nhuận TP.HCM năm 2015'', Luận văn tốt nghiệp Cử nhân Y tế công cộng, Đại Học Y Dược TP.HCM.
[2]. Phan Hồng Minh, Phạm Thị Lan Anh, Trần Ngọc Đăng (2011) "Mức độ hiểu biết, sự quan tâm về nhãn mác thực phẩm của khách hàng tại một số siêu thị ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh". Y học TP.HCM, 15 (1), tr. 126-131.
[3]. Trần Hoa Vân, Lê Minh Phượng (2013) ''Khảo sát đánh giá kiến thức, thái độ và hành vi về chế độ ăn và tập luyện của bệnh nhân đái tháo đường týp 2 tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Trung tâm Tiền Giang''.
[4]. The Economist (2012) Food for thought, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21568064-food-companies-play-ambivalent-part-fight-against-flab-food-thought
[5]. International Diabetes Federation (2014) "Diabetes Atlas 6th Edition".

Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. In many countries in Africa as in other developing countries, there has been a growing number of patients presenting in hospitals with chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. In the last two decades, in addition to the traditional risk factors for CKD, climatic factors have emerged as important contributors to the growing burden of CKD in tropical countries and are characterized by repeated exposure to heat in association with physical exertion and dehydration, and deterioration of kidney function. In the northern parts of the West Africa sub-region tropical climatic conditions characterized by extreme hot weather and intense heat during the dry season do exist and there is therefore need for studies......

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Burden; Pushback; Africa

[1]. Levey AS, Atkins R, Coresh J. et al. Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: approaches and initiatives - a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Kidney Int 2007, 72: 247-259
[2]. Kaze AD, Ilori T, Jaar BG, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB.Burden of chronic kidney disease on the African continent: a systemic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:25
[3]. George JA, Brandenburg J, Fabian J. et al. Kidney damage and risk factors in urban and rural Sub-Saharan Africa (AWI-Gen): A cross-sectional population study. Lancet Glob Health 2019; 7(12): e1632-e1643.
[4]. Oyediran ABO, Akinkugbe OO. Chronic renal failure in Nigerians Trop Geog Med 1970, 22:41-44.
[5]. Akinkugbe OO. Nephrology in tropical setting. Nephron 1978; 22:249-252.

Abstract: Background: Proptosis is defined as an abnormal forward protrusion of one or both eyeballs with respect to the orbit. Most common cause of Unilateral and Bilateral Proptosis is Thyroid Eye disease and other causes include Lacrimal gland tumors, Tumors of Paranasal sinuses. Unilateral Proptosis is seen in tumors, cysts, vascular anomalies. Bilateral Proptosis can be due to Inflammatory conditions like thyroid Orbitopathy, Myositis, Sarcoidosis, Neoplastic conditions like Optic Nerve Glioma, Lymphoma, and Vascular lesions like Arteriovenous shunts, Varix. Proptosis can be vision threatening due to Exposure Keratopathy, Optic nerve compression and Refractive changes, thus this study was undertaken to thoroughly evaluate and appropriately treat patients with Proptosis. Materials and Methods.....

Keywords: Proptosis, Exophthalmos, Orbit, Thyroid eye disease, Lacrimal gland tumors, Tumors of Paranasal sinuses, Exophthalmometry.

[1]. Eugene Wolf (1960) "Anatomy of Eye and orbit". London. H.K.Lewis & Co.
[2]. Duke Elders system of ophthalmology vol XIII (1974) ocular adnexa, London,Henry Krypton.
[3]. Peyman's principles and practice of ophthalmology vol III
[4]. John w. Handerson (1973) orbital tumors, Philadelphia, B. Saunders company
[5]. American Academy of Ophthalmology-orbit and adnexa.

Abstract: A giant thyroid tumour present as a huge enlarged thyroid gland and also may be associated with compressive and obstructive symptoms. Our case of giant thyroid tumour attended out patient department of ENT and Head & Neck surgery, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital with chief complaints of huge enlargement of thyroid gland with associated history of difficulty in breathing on supine position. Pre-operative assessment was done by through clinical examination, fine needle aspiration cytology and radiological examination. Total thyroidectomy was done under general anaesthesia with preservation of parathyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve and with excellent post operative result. Post operatively the tumour measured 25×22.5×12 cm in its largest dimensions and weighed 3.7 kg.

Key words: Giant thyroid tumour, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland.....

[1]. Cummings: Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, 4th ed.:pp1751
[2]. Du W., Liu S.-T., Li P. Intra- and postoperative complications in 137 cases of giant thyroid gland tumor. Oncol. Lett. 2012;4(5):965–969.
[3]. J. D. Wilson and D. W. Foster, "The thyroid gland," in Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, pp. 463–465, Harcourt Brace, 8th edition, 1992.View at: Google Scholar
[4]. Surgical treatment result of giant thyroid tumor: Case series in Vietnam Quang Van Le et al, Int J Surg Case Rep. 2019; 54: 103–107.
[5]. Shah J.P., Patel S.G., Singh B. Jatin Shah's Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. 4th ed. Elsevier; Mosby, Philadelphia (PA): 2012. Thyroid and parathyroid glands; pp. 488–489. [Google Scholar]

Abstract: AIM:- To compare the efficacy of lateral pinning and crossed pinning in the management of displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus in children METHODS:- Over a period of 2 years starting from June 2013 to June 2015, 50 cases of supracondylar fracture humerus were included in the study . 25 cases were treated by crossed pinning technique and other 25 by lateral pinning technique. The clinical outcome was measured by Flynn's criteria & loss of reduction by Skagg's criteria. RESULT :-Using the Flynn's criteria , there were excellent functional results with less than 5 degree loss of range of motion in most children(96%). None had fair or poor results. The difference in functional outcome between two groups was not statistically......

Keywords: Supracondylar fracture, pinning

[1]. Gartland JJ. Management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1959;109(2):145-54.
[2]. Flynn JC, Matthews JG, Benoit RL. Blind pinning of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Sixteen years' experience with long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1974;56:263-72.
[3]. Ariño VL, Lluch EE, Ramirez AM, Ferrer J, Rodriguez L, Baixauli F. Percutaneous fixation of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977;59:914-6.
[4]. Chai KK. A prospective study on supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children: comparing the results of closed manipulation and plaster cast with close manipulation and percutaneous cross K wiring for the treatment of displaced fractures. Master Thesis, University of Malaya; 2000
[5]. Wilkins KE. Supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus. In: Rockwood CA, Wilkins KE, Beaty JH, editors. Fractures in Children. 4th ed., Vol. 3. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996. p. 669-752.

Abstract: The goal of the prosthetic management of complete denture treatment should be the re-establishment of the full range of oral functions and the esthetics of the face which is lost due to long term edentulism. Facial asymmetry also is a common finding of facial dynamics of the completely edentulous patient which often lead to functional and esthetic concern of the patient, due to this loss of support of the facial musculature is of great concern from the esthetic point of view which occurs with age . Slumped cheeks are one of the major consequences of slacked facial musculature. Thus this case report describes the management of slumped cheeks to obtain esthetic occlusion and support to the cheeks with detachable cheek plumper.

Keywords: Detachable cheek plumper, facial esthetics, press stud attachments, slumped cheeks

[1]. Holland N, McKenna G. Prosthodontic management of a patient with mandibular asymmetry: a case report. Clinical case reports. 2018 Jul;6(7):1258.
[2]. Jamieson CH. Geriatrics and the denture patient. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1958 Jan 1;8(1):8-13.
[3]. Kumar B, Sandhu PK, Bhatia S, Kumar AN. An Innovative Solution To Slumped Cheeks:"Spring Retained Cheek Plumper"-A Case Report.
[4]. Bains JW, Elia JP. The role of facial skeletal augmentation and dental restoration in facial rejuvenation. Aesthetic plastic surgery. 1994 Jun 1;18(3):243-6.
[5]. Kumar MV, Rao H, Sohi KS. Artificial cheek plumper's: A step ahead in denture esthetics-a case report. Indian Journal of Stomatology. 2011 Jun 1;2(2)..

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) was first detected in Wuhan, China in November, 2019 and has spread like wildfire all across the globe in no time. In India, the covid-19 pandemic has not only exposed the weak healthcare system but also has provided unprecedented challenges to the healthcare staff, particularly anesthesiologists, intensivists, and emergency medicine personnel, as they are the "frontline warriors." with limitations of resources, be it safety kits like PPE's, N95 masks, medicines, oxygen, hospital beds or ICU beds. The pandemic is sweeping through India at a pace that has staggered the entire Indian government and the health care system . Daily case numbers have exploded since March and is still counting and hence, dealing with other diseases and trauma is kept sideline as eyeing every single case of covid is a priority. When we talk......

Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus, trauma, fracture

[1]. Sawhney C, Singh Y, Jain K, Sawhney R, Trikha A. Trauma care and COVID-19 pandemic. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2020;36, Suppl S1:115-20.
[2]. Gong Y, Cao X, Mei W, Wang J, Shen L, Wang S, et al. Anesthesia considerations and infection precautions for trauma and acute care cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anesth Analg 2020. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004913.
[3]. Awad ME, Rumley JCL, Vazquez JA, Devine JG. Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopaedic patients: Operating room protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2020;28: 451-63

Abstract: Background: The role of low grade general inflammation as proved by elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels within the pathological process of coronary-artery {disease} vascular disease has been intensely investigated through experimental studies and clinical trials within the past 20 years. On the premise of proof that has accumulated, hsCRP activity has been integrated into the Reynolds risk rating system to predict vessel risk. The JUPITER trial well-tried the good thing about statins in vessel risk reduction in patients with low grades of general inflammation and 'normal' steroid alcohol levels. However, substantial proof has been generated from western studies. Methodology: We intend to, therefore, conduct a scoping review for studies done in India with a read to spot the conspicuousgaps and build additional recommendations.....

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease,hsCRP, atherosclerosis,Inflammation, myocardial infarction

[1]. Hak AE, Stehouwer CD, Bots ML, Polderman KH, Schalkwijk CG, Westendorp IC, et al. Associations of C-reactive protein with measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy, middle-aged women. ArteriosclerThrombVascBiol 1999; 19 : 1986-91.
[2]. Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 : 1685-95.
[3]. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Goldman S, et al. Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Circulation 1998; 98 : 839-44.
[4]. Elkind MS, Tai W, Coates K, Paik MC, Sacco RL. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and outcome after ischemic stroke. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166 : 2073-80.
[5]. Danesh J, Wheeler JG, Hirschfield GM, Eda S, Eiriksdottir G, Rumley A, et al. C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 : 1387-97

Abstract: Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in surgical wards. To prevent such infections it is important to take into consideration all these factors and most importantly the bacteriological profile which assists a surgeon to decide over the strict prevention practices. With this back ground, we studied the bacteriological profile of the SSI admitted in our emergency surgical ward. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among the patients who underwent emergency surgeries in a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka. The study was conducted for the duration of 4 months to achieve the sample size of 140. Post operatively, those patients who developed symptoms of surgical site infection, a swab for bacteriological profile was......

Keywords: Surgical Site infection; Surgery; Bacteriology

[1]. Astagneau P, Rioux C, Golliot F, Brücker G. Morbidity and mortality associated with surgical site infections: results from the 1997-1999 INCISO surveillance. J Hosp Infect 2001;48(4):267–74.
[2]. Ansari S, Hassan M, Barry HD, Bhatti TA, Hussain SZM, Jabeen S, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infections: A Retrospective Report from a Developing Country. Cureus 2019;11(6):e4801–e4801.
[3]. Hohmann C, Eickhoff C, Radziwill R, Schulz M. Adherence to guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery patients in German hospitals: a multicentre evaluation involving pharmacy interns. Infection 2012;40(2):131–7.
[4]. Owens CD, Stoessel K. Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention. J Hosp Infect 2008;70 Suppl 2:3–10.
[5]. Mekhla, Borle FR. Determinants of superficial surgical site infections in abdominal surgeries at a Rural Teaching Hospital in.

Abstract: Introduction-Serious and even fatal complications can occur in obstetric patients though they are little younger and healthier. According to World health organization (WHO)," There is a story behind every maternal death or life-threatening complication. Understanding the lessons to be learnt can help to avoid such outcomes." Purpose- To study Obstetric admissions to intensive care unit, their clinical trends and outcomes at tertiary care teaching hospital. Method- This is a retrospective study of 400 patients irrespective of age, parity and gestational status of patients having high risk factors admitted to Obstetric ICU.Maternal and fetal outcomes were studied in detail from indoor case sheets......

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