iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2021

Abstract: Sicklecelldiseaseis the mostcommongeneticdisease in the world and recognized as a public healthproblem by WHO. Its screening is the basis of any program aimedatitsfight. Knowledge of the socio-demographiccharacteristics of the diseaseis important for eachregion. This studywasconductedwith the objective of an epidemiological description of sicklecelldisease in pediatrichospitals. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive studywith prospective collection carried out in 5 healthfacilities in the city of Kindu in the DRC betweenDecember 2, 2019 and October 15, 2020. The resultsobtained show.....

Keywords: Sicklecelldisease, hospital screening, epidemiology, child, Kindu, DRC

[1]. Wastnedge E, Waters D, Patel S, Morrison K, Goh MY, Adeloye D, et al. The global burden of sicklecelldisease in childrenunder five years of age: asystematicreview and meta-analysis. J GlobHealth. 2018;8(2).
[2]. Rees DC, Williams TN, Gladwin MT. Sickle-celldisease. The Lancet. 2010;376(9757):2018‑31.
[3]. Piel FB, Hay SI, Gupta S, Weatherall DJ, Williams TN. Global burden of sicklecellanaemia in childrenunder five, 2010–2050: modellingbased on demographics, excessmortality, and interventions. PLoS Med. 2013;10(7):e1001484.
[4]. OMS. Drépanocytose : une stratégie pour la Région africaine de l'OMS : rapport du Directeur régional. Bureau régional de l'Afrique; 2010 p. 11. Report No.: AFR/RC60/8.
[5]. Piel FB, Patil AP, Howes RE, Nyangiri OA, Gething PW, Dewi M, et al. Global epidemiology of sicklehaemoglobin in neonates: acontemporarygeostatistical model-basedmap and population estimates. The Lancet. 2013;381(9861):142‑51.

Abstract: Astrocytoma is the most common type of glial tumour that can develop in the brain and spinal cord. It is more common in men than women and most often after age 45. Astrocytomas are graded on a scale of I to IV based on how abnormal they look and how fast they grow. Anaplastic astrocytomas are grade III tumours that grow quickly and spread to nearby tissue. Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM),grade IV tumour is the most aggressive type of cancer that begins within the brain. This is a case of 62 year old female referred to ophthalmology OPD with a chief complaint of swelling of eyelid, forward protrusion, drooping ,loss of vision and pain in Right eye since 1 month. Past history of swelling over frontal region 6 years back and......

Key Words: Glioblastoma , Anaplastic astrocytoma , orbit , Maxilla , Enucleation.

[1]. Young RM, Jamshidi A, Davis G, Sherman JH (June 2015). "Current trends in the surgical management and treatment of adult glioblastoma". Annals of Translational Medicine. 121. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.05.10. PMC 4481356. PMID 26207249.
[2]. Chapter 5.16". World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. ISBN 978-9283204299.
[3]. Gallego O (August 2015). "Nonsurgical treatment of recurrent glioblastoma". Current Oncology. 22 (4): e273–81. doi:10.3747/co.22.2436. PMC 4530825. PMID 26300678
[4]. Lawson HC, Sampath P, Bohan E, Park MC, Hussain N, Olivi A, et al. (May 2007). "Interstitial chemotherapy for malignant gliomas: the Johns Hopkins experience". Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 83 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1007/s11060-006-9303-1. PMC 4086528. PMID 17171441.
[5]. Stevens GH (July 2006). "Antiepileptic therapy in patients with central nervous system malignancies". Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 6 (4): 311–18. doi:10.1007/s11910-006-0024-9. PMID 16822352. S2CID 37712742.

Abstract: Sneezing is the rarely referred symptom in neurological practice. The proper finding of any kind of sneezing center in medulla or brainstem is yet unknown in humans. We don't know about the brain connections fully keeping that in mind we can say that the sneeze reflex is having a co relations with the other bodily functions such as respiration i.e., lung receptors and all. I have explained it in the section below in the discussion section. The main thing to be consider here is that there may be leakage or transfer of signals from the respiratory centers to other nearby nuclei such as pontomedullary reticulating system.

Key words: Sneezing, Brainstem, Trigeminal Nucleus, Sneeze Center and Pre-sneeze Irritation.

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[3]. Korpas J, Tomori Z. cough and other respiratory reflexes. Basel, Karger. 1979: 218-23.
[4]. Nonaka S, Unno T, Ohts Y, Mori S. sneeze-evoking region within the brainstem. Brain res. 1990; 511:265-70.
[5]. Batsel HL, Lines AJ. Neural mechanism of sneeze. Am J Physiol. 1975; 229:770-6.

Abstract: Objective: To study incidence, age at onset , clinical spectrum and short term outcome of neonatal hypoglycemia Study design: Prospective cohort study Setting & Participants: Newborns who admitted with high risk for neonatal hypoglycemia at Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Coimbatore Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore, tertiary care hospital in Tamilnadu. Methodology: High risk newborns are screened for hypoglycemia since admission into NICU by point of care glucometer devices which use glucose oxidase-peroxidase method. Blood sugar < = 45 mg/dl taken as cutoff for hypoglycemia. Screening for hypoglycemia.....

KEYWORDS: hypoglycemia, neurodevelopment, newborn, morbidity

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[4]. Stanley CA. Hyperinsulinism in infants and children. Pediatr Clin North Am.1997;44:363–374
[5]. Williams AF. Hypoglycemia in the Newborn: A Review. WHO Publications #5778, 1997

Abstract: Background: Women suffer from many gynaecological diseases. One among them is abnormal uterine bleeding, which has significant morbidity in that it interferes with their personal, family and social life. Woman today experience more menstrual cycles than her ancestors did. This is mainly due to decreased parity and reduction in lactational amenorrhea. Abnormal uterine bleeding is sometimes so morbid that she needs time off from her regular work. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted in out patients department of Gyane and Obs. Department of J.L.N. Medical College, Ajmer. In this study100 cases were included during period of July 2018 to June 2019. They were in the age...

KEYWORDS: abnormal uterine bleeding, menorrhagia, endometrial biopsy, Endometrial Curettage

[1]. Demopoulous RL. Normal endometrium. Chap- 9. In: Kurman RJ ed. Blaustein's pathology of female genital tract. 5th edn. New York: Springer Verlag 2002:225-227.
[2]. Khare A, Bansal R, Sharma S et al. Morphological spectrum of endometrium in patients presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. People's Journal of Scientific Research 2012;5(2):13-16.
[3]. Livingstone M, Fraser IS. Mechanisms of abnormal uterine bleeding. Human Reproduction Update 2002;8(1):60-67.
[4]. Campbell S, Monga A. Gynaecology by ten teachers. 17th edn. Hodder Arnold H&S 2000:41-54.
[5]. Bayer SR, DeCherney AH. Clinical manifestations and treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.JAMA1993;269(14):1823-1828.
[6]. RonnettB.M.andRoberJ.Kurman."PrecusorLesionsofEndometrial Carcinoma".

Abstract: Postviral vagal neuropathy is a condition of vagal nerve injury following prior viral illness. Laryngeal palsy after any viral infection is indeed rare. Involvement of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) leads to multiple presentations : motor, sensory or mixed motor sensory dysfunction. Complete or partial recovery is reported in viral neuronitis. We report a post COVID- 19 infected case with left vocal cord dysfunction leading to phonatory defect.She was diagnosed with COVID – 19 via RT – PCR .After treatment and speech therapy her neurological condition improved...

KEYWORDS: Unilateral vocal cord paralysis, COVID - 19 virus ,Postviral vagal neuropathy(PVVN)

[1]. John C Watkinson , Raymond W Clarke , Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology,Head and Neck Surgery, 8th edn.2019.
[2]. Britannica,The Editors of Encyclopaedia."Vocal cord".Encyclopedia Britannica ,30 Nov.2017.
[3]. Rees CJ , Henderson AH, Belafsky PC, Post viral neuropathy, Ann Otol Rhino Laryngol , 2009 Apr;118(4):247-52.
[4]. Lechien JR, Circiu MP, Crevier-Buchman L,Hans S. Post COVID 19 paradoxical vocal fold movement disorder.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2021 Mar; 278(3):845-846.
[5]. Koufman JA, Block C(2008)Differential diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold movement.Am J Speech Lang Pathol 17(4): 327-334

Abstract: Background: Population-based sero-epidemiological studies explain the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study was conducted in view of studying the seroprevalence in the second phase of pandemic in Nashik City of Maharashtra a state in western India. Maharashtra has the highest case fatality rate of 23.13%, hence it is necessary to study the extent of spread of infection to propose further management protocols until vaccine is made available to public. The objective of this study was to understand the current spread of infection in the community and thus imply the need for stringent preventive measures to be followed until the vaccine is made available to all. Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the six 'Prabhags' of Nashik Municipal corporation. House to house survey was done from 9th to 11th of January 2021. Google forms were used for data collection and 3-5......

KEYWORDS: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Seroprevalence, Nashik

[1]. Wang F, Qu M, Zhou X; The timeline and risk factors of clinical progression of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, China. J Transl Med 18, 270 (2020) [cited February 2021] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02423-8
[2]. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) – World Health Organization [Internet]. Who.int. 2021 [cited February 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
[3]. Advisory on Strategy for COVID-19 Testing in India (Version VI, dated 4th September 2020) [cited February 2021] Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/AdvisoryonstrategyforCOVID19TestinginIndia.pdf
[4]. Gideon M, Merone L; A systematic review and meta-analysis of published research data on COVID-19 infection fatality rates; International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 101, 2020, Pages 138-148, ISSN 1201-9712
[5]. Hosseini A, Hashemi V, Shomali N, Asghari F, Gharibi T, Akbari M, Gholizadeh S, Jafari A; Innate and adaptive immune responses against coronavirus; Biomed Pharmacother; 2020 Dec; 132:110859. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110859; Epub 2020 Oct 22. PMID: 33120236; PMCID: PMC7580677.

Abstract: PURPOSE: This article study aims at the factors which can affect early implant survival. METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS USED: This study was conducted on two groups of patients A) Patients with failed implants before loading B) Patients without failed implants...

[1]. Porter JA, von Fraunhofer JA. Success or failure of dental implants? A literature review with treatment con- siderations. Gen Dent. 2005; 53: 423-432.
[2]. Baqain ZH, Moqbel WY, Sawair FA. Early dental implant failure: risk factors. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012; 50: 239-243.
[3]. Manor Y, Oubaid S, Mardinger O, Chaushu G, Nissan J. Characteristics of early versus late implant failure: a retrospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009; 67: 2649-2652.
[4]. Sakka S, Baroudi K, Nassani MZ. Factors associated with early and late failure of dental implants. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012; 3: 258-261.
[5]. Olmedo-Gaya MV, Manzano-Moreno FJ, Cañaveral-Cavero E, de Dios Luna-del Castillo J, Vallecillo- Capilla M. Risk factors associated with early implant failure: A 5-yearretrospective clinical study. J Prosthet Dent. 2016; 115: 150-155.

Abstract: Background: PCOS, considered to be a common endocrinological disorder of females of reproductive age is often associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperandrogenism, metabolic syndrome and infertility. Adipokines levels in PCOS is also reported to be altered may play a key role in obesity and dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. This study explored the relation among Adiponectin to Resistin Ratio , Tryglyceride to HDL cholesterol ,HOMA IR and BMI . Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional comparative study 144 PCOS patients were included. Anthropometric and Biochemical parameters were evaluated. Patient population was categorized into Obese and No-obese groups depending on BMI and all the parameters were compared. Correlation among Adiponectin to Resistin Ratio , Triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ,HoMA IR and BMI was assessed. Result: Significant difference was observed......

Key words: Adiponectin : Resistin Ratio, PCOS, TG:HDL Ratio, HOMA IR

[1]. Ramezani Tehrani F, Rashidi H, BahriKhomami M, Tohidi M, Azizi F. The prevalence of metabolic disorders in various phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: a community based study in Southwest of Iran. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2014;12(1):89.
[2]. Macut D, Bjekic-Macut J, Savic-Radojevic A. Dyslipidemia and Oxidative Stress in PCOS. Frontiers of Hormone Research. 2012;:51-63.
[3]. Spałkowska M, Mrozińska S, Gałuszka-Bednarczyk A, Gosztyła K, Przywara A, Guzik J et al. The PCOS Patients differ in Lipid Profile According to their Phenotypes. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 2018;126(07):437-444.
[4]. Zhang J, Fan P, Liu H, Bai H, Wang Y, Zhang F. Apolipoprotein A-I and B levels, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in south-west Chinese women with PCOS. Human Reproduction. 2012;27(8):2484-2493.
[5]. Sekar N, Garmey JC, Veldhuis JD. Mechanisms underlying the steroidogenic synergy of insulin and luteinizing hormone in porcine granulosa cells: joint amplification of pivotal sterol-regulatory genes encoding the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory (stAR) protein and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) enzyme. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2000;159(1–2):25–35.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the clinical performance of two Glass ionomer restorative materials (EQUIA Forte Fil) and (IonoStar Molar) and a nano hybrid composite (Tetric EvoCeram) in Class I cavities over one year. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients of age 25-40 years received sixty restorations. Each patient received 3 different restorations representing the tested materials. Class I cavity was prepared according to the caries extension. All the materials were applied following the manufacturer's instructions. Finishing and polishing was performed using finishing burs and polishing discs. Each restoration was evaluated clinically at baseline (24 hours), 6 months and after one year using modified USPHS. Results: The recall rate was (100%) after 1 year. The alpha rating......

Keywords: Glass ionomer; Clinical; Class I Cavity

[1]. Coelho-De-Souza FH, Camacho GB, Demarco FF, Powers JM. Fracture resistance and gap formation of MOD restorations: influence of restorative technique, bevel preparation and water storage. Oper Dent. 2008;33(1):37–43.
[2]. Al-Harbi F, Kaisarly D, Michna A, ArRejaie A, Bader D, El Gezawi M. Cervical interfacial bonding effectiveness of class II bulk versus incremental fill resin composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2015;40(6):622–35.
[3]. Abdelmegid F, Salama F, Albogami N, Albabtain M, Alqahtani A. Shear bond strength of different dentin substitute restorative materials to dentin of primary teeth. Dent Mater J. 2016;35(5):782–7.
[4]. Dermata A, Papageorgiou SN, Fragkou S, Kotsanos N. Comparison of resin modified glass ionomer cement and composite resin in class II primary molar restorations: a 2-year parallel randomised clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2018;19(6):393–401.
[5]. Antony K, Genser D, Hiebinger C, Windisch F. Longevity of dental amalgam in comparison to composite materials. GMS Health Technol Assess. 2008;4.

Abstract: A paradigm shift several decades ago explicated that aggressive periodontitis was not a degenerative disorder but a rapid progressive form of plaque-induced inflammatory periodontal disease. Present years of research have led to linkage analysis identification of specific genetic defects and host responsible for Aggressive Periodontitis in some families and to the finding that subgingival detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Recent advances are leading to a new paradigm shift, with the realization that genetically-driven dysbiotic changes in the subgingival microbiota may predispose to a cascade of events leading to the rapid periodontal tissue destruction seen in Aggressive Periodontitis. This review tries to dissect the existing literature on the host response-microbial axis of Aggressive Periodontitis and to propose possible pathogenic pathways in line with current theories.

KEYWORDS: Aggressive Periodontitis, Host response, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Neutrophil, Periodontitis.

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