iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2021

Abstract: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world. At the same time cataract surgery is the most successful and rewarding surgery in the field of ophthalmology. However, after cataract surgery many patients complain of foreign body sensation, irritation, redness, blurring of vision which are considered as unwanted effects of the surgery. These effects are worse in the elderly population and those with ocular surface disorder. Thus, in spite of a perfect cataract surgery and a good Snellen visual acuity the patients may remain dissatisfied. This study has been undertaken to critically evaluate the unwanted side effect of dry eye production following manual SICS and phacoemulsification surgical procedures and ascertain the superiority of one against the other. Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), Schirmer's 1 Test......

[1]. Özcura F, Aydin S, Helvaci MR. Ocular surface disease index for the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome. Ocular immunology and inflammation. 2007 Jan 1;15(5):389-93.
[2]. Ram J, Sharma A, Pandav SS, Gupta A, Bambery P. Cataract surgery in patients with dry eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24(8):1119-24.
[3]. Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, Gao J, Mircheff AK, Pfluqfelder SC. The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and the lacrimal glands. Cornea 1998;17(6):584-9.
[4]. Venugopal KC. Krisnaraj PA, Chandan N. Evaluation of Dryness of Eyes after Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery with Corneoscleral Tunnel Incision. J Clin Diagn Res 2012;6(6):1029-33.
[5]. Li XM, Hu L, Hu J, Wang W. Investigation of Dry Eye Disease and Analysis of the Pathogenic Factors in Patients after Cataract Surgery. Cornea 2007;26:16-20.

Abstract: Choledocholithiasis is the presence of stone in Common bile duct (CBD) which can be treated by endoscopy or surgery [1]. Choledocholithiasisis is present in 10 to 20 % of patients with gall stones [2]. ERCP has become a gold standard for the management of intraluminal biliary abnormalities with or without sphincterotomy and stent placement. If CBD stent is not removed within time 6 to 8 weeks, it can act as a nidus for the stone-stent complex. Forgotten CBD stents may lead to serious complications [6]. Here, we report a case of a 48 years old female presented to us with acute cholangitis due to retained CBD stent ( 117 months old ). The patient underwent open cholecystectomy with CBD exploration, retrieval of the stent along with lateral choledochoduodenostomy and recovered well postoperatively.

Keywords: Choledocholithiasis, CBD stent, Acute Cholangitis, CBD exploration, Choledochoduodenostomy.

[1]. Yoo KS, Lehman GA. Endoscopic management of biliary ductal stones. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2010;39(2):209-viii. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.008
[2]. Yuman Fong, Kimberly Moore Dalal. Diagnostic considerations in biliary and liver disease. In: Joseph E Fischer. Fischer's Mastery of Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Wolter kluwer business; 2012. p 1166.
[3]. Lesetedi C, Motspumi MJ. Forgotten metal stent (3 years) presenting with a high burden of intra- and extra-hepatic ducts stones and cholangitis. J Surg Case Rep. 2019;2019(10):rjz294. Published 2019 Oct 21. doi:10.1093/jscr/rjz294
[4]. E Christopher Ellison,Jeffery W. Hazey,W.Scott .Melvin,Stephen G.Moon. Current application of Sphicterotomy, Lateral Choledochoduodenostomy, and Transduodenal Sphincteroplasty. In: Joseph E Fischer. Fischer's Mastery of Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Wolter kluwer business; 2012. p1308.
[5]. Deolekar S, Mahapatra B, Murali S, Chheda K, Khan N. Obstructive jaundice due to forgotten biliary stent- a rare case report. Int J Res Med Sci 2017;5:4655-7..

Abstract: Apart from the usual single root and single canal, mandibular premolars can present a complex pulp anatomy. Hence a thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy and along with anatomical variation that may be present is essential for the success of any endodontic treatment. Good magnification and CBCT scan will definitely be beneficial for successful endodontic treatment. This case report details the treatment of mandibular second premolar with three canals and three orifices.

Key words: Mandibular second premolar, aberrant canal anatomy

1. Slowey RR. Root canal anatomy. Road map to successful endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 1979;23:555-73.
2 ElDeeb ME. Three root canals in mandibular second premolars: Literature review and a case report. J Endod 1982;8:376-7.
3 Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;58:589-99.
4 Zillich R, Dowson J. Root canal morphology of mandibular first and second premolars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol1973;36:738-44.
5 Champa C, Karale R, Hegde J. Aberration in root canal morphology of mandibular premolars. e-J Dent 2011;1:36-9.

Abstract: Background: The use of complete denture has an important purpose for articulation, aesthetic and mastications functions. Some factors that affect the masticatory system are malocclusion, posterior tooth loss, posterior tooth restoration, occlusion contact area, facial shape, muscle activity, and bite force. Bite force in dentulous patient is greater than complete denture wearer. Bite force in complete denture wearer can be increased by using denture adhesive. Bite force is affected by gender, while men have greater bite force than women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of denture adhesive on bite force in patients with complete denture wearer based on gender......

Key Word: Denture adhesive; Bite force; Complete denture

[1]. Shala K, Dragusha AT, Dula L, Krasniqi TP, Bicaj T, Ahmedi E, dkk. Evaluation of maximum bite force in patients with complete dentures. J Med Sci 2018; 6(3): 559-63.
[2]. Sakr HM, Fayad M. Bite force and oral health impact profile in completely edentulous patients rehabilitated with two different types of denture bases. Tanta Dent J 2017; 14(4): 173-80.
[3]. Farzin MGA, Badie A, Ghapanchi J, Zamani A, Rezazadeh F, Kalantari MH. The effect of two types of denture adhesive on the satisfaction parameters of complete denture wearers. J Dent Biomater 2017; 4(3): 425-30.
[4]. Tripathi G, Ponnana AA, Rajwadha N, Chhaparia N, Sharma A, Anant M. Comparative evaluation of maximum bite force in dentulous and edentulous individuals with different facial forms. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2014; 8(9): 37-40.
[5]. Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B. Bite force and influential factors on bite force measurements: a literature review. European J Dent 2010; 4: 223-32.

Abstract:Background:Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most performed operations worldwide. Today local anesthesia is the most preferred type over spinal and general anesthesia in daycare hernia surgeries. Advantages are post-operative pain relief, early mobilization, shorter hospital stay, and low costs. The medical fitness of patients, surgeons' skills, and technical factors also play a significant role. Hence, this study will help us decide the effectiveness of local and spinal anesthesia over general anesthesia in daycare hernia surgeries. Aims and Objective:To determine whether......

Keywords: Inguinal hernioplasty, Local anesthesia, Spinal anesthesia, daycare surgery

[1]. Kehlet H and White PF. Optimizinganesthesiafor inguinalherniorrhaphy: General, Regional, or local anesthesia?.AnesthAnalg 2001; 93:1367-9.
[2]. Subramaniam P, Leslie J Gourlay C, Clezy JK. Inguinal hernia repair: A comparison between local and general anesthesia. Aust N Z J Surg 1998; 68:799-800.
[3]. Callesen T,BechK,Kehlet H.The feasibility, safety, and cost of infiltration anesthesia for hernia repair.Anesthesia 1998;53:31-5.
[4]. O' Dwyer PJ, Serpell MG, Millar K, et al. Local or general anesthesia for open hernia repair.A randomized trial. Annals of Surgery 2003;237:574-9.
[5]. Ozgun H, Kurt MN, Kurt I, Cevikel MH. Comparison of local, spinal, and general anesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy. Eur J Surg 2002;168:455-9.

Abstract: Traumatic optic neuropathy is known to occur following blunt trauma to the eye and the orbit. This may occur due to compression of the nerve by bony fragments or soft tissue swelling, concussion of the nerve, haemorrhage in or around the optic nerve sheaths and interference with the neural blood supply. The latter is one of the least documented causes of traumatic optic neuropathy. In most of the cases, associated ocular injury, severe visual loss, and opaque media interfere with establishment of the exact etiopathology. The present article describes a case report of a 35 year old male who had an unsual course of traumatic optic neuropathy.

Keywords: Traumatic Optic Neuropathy, Road traffic accident, Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies, Optic atrophy

[1]. Kaštelan, Snježana et al. "Traumatic Optic Neuropathy - Case Report with Discussion on Diagnostic Procedures and Therapy." Acta clinica Croatica vol. 57,1 (2018): 166-172. doi:10.20471/acc.2018.57.01.22
[2]. Neuro-Ophthalmology: Diagnosis and Management Second Edition - Grant T. Liu, Nicholas J. Volpe, Steven L. Galetta, Pg 181-183
[3]. Steinsapir KD. Traumatic optic neuropathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1999;10(5):340-2.
[4]. Vagefi MR, Seiff SR. Traumatic optic neuropathy. Contem Ophthal 2005;4(14):1-7.
[5]. Wang BH, Robertson BC, Girotto JA, Liem A, Miller NR, Iliff N, Manson PN. Traumatic optic neuropathy: a review of 61 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;107(7):1655-64..

Abstract: Sleep apnea is a condition in which breathing stops involuntarily for brief periods of time during sleep. Normally, air flows smoothly from the mouth and nose into the lungs at all times. Periods when breathing stops are called apnea or apneic episodes which can be potentially life-threatening. In obstructive sleep apnea, the normal flow of air is repeatedly stopped because the airway space in the area of throat is too narrow. This result in snoring, a characteristic feature of obstructive sleep apnea as well as frequent arousal from sleep causing excessive daytime sleepiness, affecting one's quality of life.

Key words: Sleep apnea, Oral appliance, Obstructive sleep apnea, Mandibular advancement device

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[2]. Gestaut H. Etude polygraphique des manisfestations episodiques diurnes at noctures due syndrome de Pickwick. Rev Nemo1 (Paris) 1965;112:568-79.
[3]. Olson EJ, Moore WR, Morgenthaler TI, Gay PC, Staats BA. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003; 78(12):1545-52.
[4]. Qureshi A, Ballard RD. Obstructive sleep apnea: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 112(4):643- 50.
[5]. Chandra SD, Raj KS, Prema et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and its prosthodontic management- an overview. Int J Health Sci Res. 2018; 8(3):259-265

Abstract: Aim: To study clinical features and outcomes of phacoemulsification with PCIOL in patients with Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis (FHU).
Materials & Methods: In our non randomised retrospective case series, we studied the records of 17 patients with FHU who underwent surgery between January 2015 till December 2019 at Sankara eye Hospital, Bangalore. We analysed parameters like pre operative findings,post operative visual acuity, complication rate and management. Results: There were 9 males and 8 females with a mean age of 35.29. Preoperatively iris heterochromia was seen in 8 eyes, nodules in 3, 2 had moth-eaten appearance. There was no anterior chamber reaction in most eyes. Stellate keratic precipitates were observed in all 17 eyes and anterior vitreous cells in 8 eyes. Increased IOP was noted in only one eye. Post.....

Keywords: Cataract surgery, Fuchs' Uveitis, Phacoemulsification, IOL

[1]. Hooper PL, Rao NA, Smith RE. Cataract extraction in uveitis patients. Surv Ophthalmol 1990; 35:120–144
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[5]. Liesegang TJ: Clinical features and prognosis in Fuchs' Uveitis Syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1982, 100: 1622-26..

Abstract: Myocardial Infarction (MI) commonly known as Heart attack occurs when blood flow stops / decreases to a part of heart, causing damage to heart muscle. In myocardial infarction we mostly see acute chest discomfort which occurs when the supply of oxygen is inadequate and don't reach the demand of the myocardium, then the myocardial tissue becomes ischemic and results in death of the myocardial tissue. Biomarkers (Trop-T or I) evaluation is the primary step for detection of Myocardial Infarction. Cardiac catheterization shows the progression of clot in the corresponding coronary arteries. MI is the largest cause of mortality worldwide. Due to lack of awareness many people with acute......

Key Words: Sudden cardiac death, Double MI, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, Multiple CVD.

[1]. Kristian Thygesen, Joseph S. Alpert, Harvey D. White. Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. American Heart Association Journals.org. 2007; 116(22): 2634-2653.
[2]. B. Brorsson, S.J. Bernstein, R.H. Brook, and L. Werko. Quality of life of chronic stable angina patients 4 years after coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2001; 249(1): pp.47-57.
[3]. Alan K. Berger, Kevin A, Bernard, J. Gersh, Sarmad Pirzada, Jeffrey A. Breall, Ayah E. Jhonson, Nathan R. Every. Primary Coronary Angioplasty VS Thrombolysis for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Patients. JAMA Cardiology. 1999; 282(4):341-348.
[4]. Hubbard, J. Complications associated with Myocardial Infarction: A review available from: URL: http://www.nursing times.net/2001/ 99(15), 28-29.
[5]. Erik Hestrom, Henrik Engblom, Fredrik Frogner, Karin Astrom-Olsson, Hans Ohlin, Stefan Jovinge and Hakan Arheden. Infarct evolution in man studied in patients with first-time coronary occlusion in comparison to different species- implications for assessment of myocardial salvage. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2009; 11:38.

Abstract: Background: Malaria is still highly prevalent among rural communities in Kano state, north-western Nigeria, and significant gaps persist inappropriate preventive practices, with the percentage of households in Kano state with ITNs and LLINs remain a dismal low. Though there has been increased availability of diagnostic testing such as malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) in Nigeria, However, the mRDT rate in many communitiesstudied is still far short of recommendations. Studies on knowledge, use of mRDT, and malaria control practices by health workers in Kano State have not been fully explored hence the need for it. Materials and Methods: This is a cross.......

Keywords: Malaria; mRDT; Control; Kano

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