iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND :- GDM affects approximately 7% of all pregnancies, resulting in > 200,000 cases per year1. Of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes, GDM accounts for approximately 90%2. Women with a history of GDM are at increased risk of future diabetes, predominately type 2 diabetes, as are their children. The condition has been implicated as a risk factor for future diabetes and obesity in women as well as for impaired carbohydrate metabolism in their offspring3-5. The purpose of the screening, treatment, and management of GDM is two-fold: to prevent stillbirths and to decrease the number of large for gestational age births, ultimately reducing neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Women with GDM also had a higher risk of Caesarean section, gestational hypertension.....

[1]. Boulvain M, Stan C, Irion O. Elective delivery in diabetic pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001; (2).
[2]. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (Suppl. 1): S5-S20.
[3]. Moses RG, Moses J, Knight S. Birth weight of women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1059–62.
[4]. Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman S, Berkey CS, Field AE, Colditz GA. Maternal gestational diabetes, birth weight, and adolescent obesity. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 221–6.
[5]. Crowther CA. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes on outcomes. NEJM 2005; 352: 2477.

Abstract: We report the observation of a right acute fronto-ethmoido-maxillary sinusitis caused by a periapical granuloma of the right upper wisdom tooth (a rather particular and rare localization), revealed by a persistent common cold associated with a subjective cacosmia and confirmed by a sinus CT scan. The evolution was favorable after appropriate antibiotic treatment (levofloxacin in the first instance) and surgical treatment of the causal tooth. Sinusitis of dental origin deserves particular attention because of its pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic particularities and because of the sometimes very serious complications that it can cause. A persistent cold, whether or not associated with cacosmia in a patient with poor oral condition, should raise the suspicion of dental sinusitis, requiring an immediate sinus scan, and should not delay medical and surgical treatment, which must be well adapted to avoid the development of potentially very serious complications in certain cases.

Keywords: Anterior pansinusitis, Periapical granuloma, Wisdom tooth, Persistent common cold.

[1]. Jean-Michel André. Pathologies sinusiennes d'origine dentaire: diagnostic et traitement. Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]. 2006.
⟨hal-01733511⟩.
[2]. Broome M, Jaques B, Monnier Y. Les sinusites d'origine dentaire : diagnostic et prise en charge. Rev Med Suisse 2008 ;
4 : 2080-4.
[3]. Brook I. Sinusitis of odontogenic origin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;135(3):349-55.
[4]. Mensi M, Piccioni M, Marsili F, Nicolai P, Sapelli PL, Latronico N. Risk of maxillary fungus ball in patients with endodontic treatment on maxillary teeth: a case-control study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103(3):433-6.
[5]. Bougezzi A, Souid K, Ben Ali R, Ben Youssef S, Boughzala A. Sinusite ethmo do-fronto-maxillaire d'origine dentaire.
Med Buccale Chir Buccale 2015;21:25-29.

Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the endodontic treatment in human molar teeth by single or multiple visit using various intracanal medicaments.The patients will be divided into two groups, i.e. (Group1) single visit group, (Group 2) multiple visit with intacanal medicament. Group 2 was again sub divided into 4 sub groups according to the use of different intracanal medicaments– calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide + chlorhexidine 2%, triple antibiotic paste(1part ciprofloxacin, 3parts of metronidazole and minocycline ), turmeric (200gm dried turmeric powder in 500ml distilled water to make paste). The subjects were followed up in recall appointments.......

Key words: Root canal treatment, Single visit, Multiple visit, Intracanal medicaments, Triple endodontic paste, Calcium hydroxide, Turmeric
Clinical Significance: Turmeric and triple antibiotic paste can be used as intracanal medicament in root canal treatment

[1]. Prashanth MB, Tavane PN, Abraham S, Chacko L. Comparative evaluation of pain, tenderness and swelling followed by radiographic evaluation of periapical changes at various intervals of time following single and multiple visit endodontic therapy: an in vivo study. J Contemp Dent Prac 2011; 12(3): 187-91.
[2]. Dorasani G, Madhusudhana K, Chinni SK. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of single visit and multiple visit endodontic treat5ment of teeth with periapical pathology: an in vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16(6): 484-488.
[3]. Kumar H. An in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of curcuma longa, tachyspermum ammi, chlorohexidine gluconate, and calcium hydroxide on Enterococcus faecalis. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16(2): 144-147.
[4]. Gill GS, Bhuyan AC, Kalita C, Das L, Kataki R, Bhuyan D. Single Versus Multi-visit Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: An In vivo Study with 1-year Evaluation. Ann Med Heal Sci Res 2016; 6(1): 19-26.
[5]. Patil AA, JoShi SB, Bhagwat SV, PAtil SA. Incidence of postoperative pain after single visit and two visit root canal therapy: a randomized controlled trial.J Clin Dent Res 2016; 10(5): 9-12

Abstract: Background: COVID 19 is an emerging disease which has a viral (SARS CoV 2) origin and so the clinical features of the disease mimics other viral diseases. Different studies across the globe evidenced that the clinical features vary from asymptomatic to even complex severe pneumonia. But still the unique clinical features of the disease are yet to be completely identified. Addressing this concern eventually helps in early detection and appropriate management of COVID 19 patients. This study is an attempt to describe the clinicosocial profile of COVID 19 positive patients and the categorization of clinical symptoms based on symptomatology and also to find out if there is any association between sociodemographic factors and clinical categorization based on symptomatology........

Key words: Clinicosocial profile, COVID 19, South Kerala

[1]. Clinical and Epidemiological Features of SARS-CoV-2 Patients in SARI Ward of a Tertiary Care Centre in New Delhi - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2021 Apr 28]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32602676/
[2]. Clinical Profile of Covid-19 Infected Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2021 Apr 28]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32610859/
[3]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.
[4]. Government of Kerala COVID 19 Clinical Management Report.
[5]. Argenzian MG, Bruc SL, Slate CL, Tia JR, Baldwi MR, Barr RG, et al. Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York: Retrospective case series. BMJ. 2020;369.

Abstract: Bare metal stent (BMS) was considered as the gold standard for safety after PCI, in terms of rate of Stent thrombosis. However, often restenosis is an issue with older generation BMS. Methods and Results: The data in hospital's record for 122 patients who completed 18-24 months after PCI with Protea hybrid design thin strut CoCr BMS by MIV therapeutics India was evaluated for MACE and ST events. Average age of the population was 59.85± 10.26 years. There were 68.03% males, 48.36% tobacco consumers including 18.03% smokers, 40.98% Diabetic, 77.05% Hypertensive and 81.15% Dyslipidaemic. Previous MI was present in 11 - 9.02%, 46 patients (37.70%) were thrombolysed and 100% lesions were de novo. The Average BMI was 27.21 ±3.9. AMI was presenting complaint in 61.48%, old infarct in 13.97%. Stable angina in 2.46% and 9.02% were asymptomatic. Systolic BP was mean 132.31± 30.26 and diastolic BP was mean 75.8±15.39.....

[1]. Cutlip, D. E., Windecker, S., Mehran, R., Boam, A., Cohen, D. J., van Es, G. A., ... & McFadden, E. (2007). Clinical end points in coronary stent trials. Circulation, 115(17), 2344-2351.
[2]. Bønaa, Kaare H., Mannsverk, Jan, Wiseth, Rune, Aaberge, Lars, Myreng, Yngvar, Nygård, Ottar, Nilsen, Dennis W. Kløw, Nils-Einar, Uchto, Michael, Trovik, Thor, Bendz, Bjørn, Stavnes, Sindre, Bjørnerheim, Reidar Larsen, Alf-Inge, Slette, Morten, Steigen, Terje. Jakobsen, Ole J., Bleie, Øyvind, Fossum, Eigil, Hanssen, Tove A. , Dahl-Eriksen, Øystein, Njølstad, Inger, Rasmussen, Knut, Wilsgaard, Tom, Nordrehaug, Jan E., Drug-Eluting or Bare-Metal Stents for Coronary Artery Disease, 2016, New England Journal of Medicine, 1242-1252, 375, 13
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[3]. Kereiakes, D. J., Yeh, R. W., Massaro, J. M., Driscoll-Shempp, P., Cutlip, D. E., Steg, P. G., ... &Tanguay, J. F. (2015). Stent thrombosis in drug-eluting or bare-metal stents in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions, 8(12), 1552-1562.
[4]. Pfisterer, Matthias, Brunner-La Rocca, Hans Peter Buser, Peter T., Rickenbacher, Peter, Hunziker, Patrick Mueller, Christian, Jeger, Raban, Bader, Franziska, Osswald, Stefan, Kaiser, ChristophLate Clinical Events After Clopidogrel Discontinuation May Limit the Benefit of Drug-Eluting Stents: An Observational Study of Drug-Eluting Versus Bare-Metal Stents, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol 48, Issue 12, Pages 2584 - 2591 2006/12/19/ 0735-1097, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.026, UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073510970602523X

Abstract: Sudan is one of the poorest African countries, suffers from many problems in education, economy, and health. Lack of health services facilities putting an enigma on the health authorities competing and controlling the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. The aim of this perspective review was to draw the current situation of SARS-CoV2 in Sudan, to identify the factors associated with the high mortality rate (6.2%) and to compare the scenario andthe community compliance toward preventive measures with others. On March 13.2020 Sudan announced the first reported case of COVID-19. As of March 20.2021, the total number of SARS-CoV2 patients was (29,419) while the mortality rate was (6.2%). About (38.28%) of the cases were the age group of 15-30 year-old. Unfortunately, community compliance toward the lockdown strategy was very poor until it was lifted on 7 July 2020. The number of reported daily new cases has declined following the lift of the lockdown till the start of the second wave on September 1st, 2020. The Sudanese Ministry of Health warned of such a third wave on the mid of March 2021.There is a need to consider the implementation of prevention strategy as stated by the WHO to avoid the scenario happening in some other countries that suffer a more intense outbreak..

Key words: COVID-19, crude case fatality, lockdown, mortality rate.

[1]. Chan JFW, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet2020; 395: 514–23.
[2]. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 395: 507–13.
[3]. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; published online Feb 28. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
[4]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497–506.
[5]. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med2020; published online Jan 29. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2001316

Abstract: INTRODUCTION-Patent Vitello intestinal duct occurs in about 2% of the population which usually leadsto small intestinal obstruction associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here we are reporting anunusual case of patent Vitello intestinal duct with prolapsing ileo-ileal intussusception in an Neonate. PRESENTATION OF CASE-27 day old male child presented with complaint of swelling over umbilicus since birth with history of yellowish discharge from swelling& multiple episodes of vomiting(on &off).Ultrasound of abdomen suggestive of defect of 1.2 cm was noted in umbilicus through which bowel loops,mesentery&mesenteric vessels are seen herniating. At the time of admission, A pink-red wet fleshy mass was present at umbilicus but later,Segment of bowel prolapsed through the umbilical opening within 8 hours of admission.......

[1]. Mohite, P.N., Bhatnagar, A.M., Hathila, V.P. et al. Patent vitellointestinal duct with prolapse of inverted loop of small intestine: a case report. J Med Case Reports 1, 49 (2007).
[2]. Singh, S., Pandey, A., Ahmed, I. et al. Prolapse of bowel via patent vitello intestinal duct—a rare occurrence. Hernia 15, 567–569 (2011).

Abstract: Cholesterol granuloma (CG) is an inflammatory immune response to cholesterol deposits left by the breakdown of blood vessels and cells that have been precipitated in tissues. They are benign cysts, that develops in the central skull base and is commonly seen in the mastoid antrum and air cells of the temporal bone. It presents as an expanding mass containing fluids, and cholesterol crystals, surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue capsule with fragile blood vessels which are prone to rupture1. Sinonasal CG clinically mimics a cystic mass or an inflammatory disease because of it non specific clinical features. Cholesterol granuloma of paranasal sinuses is a rare entity with only less than 200 cases reported worldwide.2,3,4 . Here, we present a case of Cholesterol granuloma of the maxillary sinus.

[1]. Temporal Bone Imaging. Ellen Hoeffner (Editor), Suresh Mukherji (Editor), Dheeraj Gandhi (Editor), Diana Gomez-Hassan (Editor). Thieme ISBN:1588904016
[2]. Durgam A, Batra PS. Paranasal sinus cholesterol granuloma: Systematic review of diagnostic and management aspects. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2013;3:242-7.
[3]. Marco M, Ida C, Francesco Luigi P, Giampiero M, Domenico L, Giuseppe B, et al. Cholesterol granuloma of the frontal sinus: A case report. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2012;2012:515986.
[4]. Samadian M, Vazirnezami M, Moqaddasi H,,Rakhshan M, Khormaee F, Ashraf H.Endoscopic transrostral-transsphenoidal approach to petrous apex cholesterol granuloma:case report. Turk Neurosurg 2009; 19: 106-111.
[5]. Turan N, Baum GR, Holland CM, Ahmad FU, Henriquez OA, Pradilla G. Upper nasopharyngeal corridor for transnasal endoscopic drainage of petroclival cholesterol granulomas: alternative access in conchal sphenoid patients.J Neurol Surg Rep 2016; 77: e017-022.

Abstract: Background and Objective: Immediate implant placement prevent bony resorption with in first 3-4 months after extraction, try to preserve tissue contour and dimension, also decreases treatment time and minimum invasion. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the efficacy and stability of implant placed in extraction socket and to clinically and radiographically evaluate crestal bone loss. Also, long term prognosis, merits and demerits of immediate implant placement technique were evaluated. Material and Method: This randomized prospective study consisted of 16 immediate implant placed in 10 patients. The patients were selected irrespective of the age, sex and socioeconomic status. Atraumatic extraction of tooth with simultaneous implant placement in the extraction socket was done for all the patients in the first stage. Patients were recalled at periodic intervals.......

Key words: Immediate implants, atraumatic extraction, bone grafting

[1]. Chopra R, Jaffer A. Immediate molar implant placement: an accelerated protocol for molar tooth. Oral Health Group 2014;26-42.
[2]. Ardakani MRT, Tabari ZA. Immediate implantation in the maxillary and mandibular molar fresh sockets: technique and results. J Periodontol Implant Dent 2010;2(2):51-5.
[3]. Albiero AM, Benato R, Degidi M. Buccal plate regeneration with immediate post extraction implant placement and restoration: case reports. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2014;34(4):67-72.
[4]. García JJ, Sanguino D. A new protocol for immediate implants, the rule of the 5 triangles: a case report. J Periodontol 2014;2(2):5-9.
[5]. Martínez JO, Pascual TP, Bueno SM, Alfaro FH, Padró EF. Immediate implants following tooth extraction: a systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012;17(2):251-61.

Abstract: Keywords: Bulk fill Composite, Preheating, Class I, USPHS criteria. Purpose: to clinically evaluate pre-heated versus un-heated bulk fill composite resin in Class I cavities. Materials & Methods: Following ethical approval, twenty patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria with minimum of two carious occlusal lesions in each patient. Restorations were randomly divided into two equal groups: group I (un-heated X-tra fil bulk-fill composite resin) and group II (pre-heated X-tra fil bulk-fill composite resin). Simple occlusal conventional Class I cavities were prepared with moderate cavity depth 3-4mm. All restorative materials were applied following manufacturers' directions. Each restoration was clinically evaluated at 24hours, 6 months....

[1]. Camilotti V, Mendonça MJ, Dobrovolski M, Detogni AC, Ambrosano GM, Mario F DG. Impact of dietary acids on the surface roughness and morphology of composite resins. J Oral Sci. 2021; 63:18-21.
[2]. Gerula-Szymańska A, Kaczor K, Lewusz-Butkiewicz K, Nowicka A. Marginal integrity of flowable and packable bulk fill materials used for class II restorations—a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Dent Mater J. 2020; 39:335-344.
[3]. Shikder AZ, Shomi KN, Saki N, Begum F, Mahmud KH, Alam MS. Clinical evaluation of direct composite resin and indirect micro ceramic composite resin restorations in class-I cavity of permanent posterior teeth. Inter J Human Health Sci. 2019; 3:109-115.
[4]. Chandak MS, Chandak M, Nikhade PP, Rathi CK, Khatod SS, Rathi SD. Role of liners in restorative dentistry. J Evolution Med Dent Sci. 2020; 9:1881-1887.
[5]. Lin GS, Ghani NR, Ismail NH, Singbal KP, Yusuff NM. Polymerization shrinkage and degree of conversion of new zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite. Eur J Dent. 2020; 14: 448-455.