iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov. 2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND :Agriculture being the primary mode of occupation in Assam leads to the rampant and widespread use of chemical pesticides and and herbicides. Paraquat is a widely used herbicide. Ingestion of Paraquat irrespective of the quantity could be fatal with life threatening effects on the gastrointestinal tract ,kidney liver,lung and other organs. Suicides due to paraquat poisoning are an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially due to the absence of specific antidote. Metabolism of Paraquat generates free radicals that damage the cellular organelles and membranes,causing damage to many organs ,especially the pulmonary alveolar epithelium. Death is usually associated with respiratory insufficiency due to an oxidative insults to the Type II alveolar epithelium........

Key words: Paraquat, Paraquat poisoning, Acute lung injury, Acute kidney injury

[1]. Chen HW, Tseng TK, Ding LW. Intravenous paraquat poisoning. J Chin Med Assoc.2009;72:547-550.
[2]. Kim SJ, Gil HW, Yang JO, Lee EY, Hong SY. The clinical features of acute kidney injury in patients with acute paraquat intoxication. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:1226-1232.
[3]. Sittipunt C. Paraquat poisoning. Respir Care.2005;50:383-385.
[4]. Kolilekas L, GhizopoulouE,Retsou S, Kourelea S, Hadjistavrou C. Severe paraquat poisoning. A long term survivor. Respiratory Medicine Extra.2006;2:67-70.
[5]. Sandhu JS, Dhiman A, Mahajan R, Sandhu P.Outcome of paraquat poisoning- a five year study. Indian J Nephrol.2003;13:64-68.
[6]. Sabzghabaee AM, Eizadi-Mood N, Montazeri K, Yaraghi A, Golabi M. Fatality in paraquat poisoning. Singapore Med J. 2010;51:496-500.

Abstract: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown origin which is characterised by non caseating granulomas at the sites of the disease. It can affect more than one organ at a time amongst which mediastinal lymph node and pulmonary sarcoidosis are the most common clinical presentation. The definitive diagnosis of sarcoidosis can only be made with the clinical features and the histopathological finding of non caseating granuloma, so that all the other differential diagnosis are excluded.(1)As the clinical presentation of sarcoidosis is similar to tuberculosis and malignancy ( which are also...

[1]. The role of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis--comparisons with other bronchoscopic diagnostic modalities Takahiro Nakajima 1, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, Katsushi Kurosu, Yuichi Takiguchi, Taiki Fujiwara, Masako Chiyo, Kiyoshi Shibuya, KenzoHiroshima, Yukio Nakatani, Ichiro Yoshino
[2]. Müller NL, Kullnig P, Miller RR. The CT findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis: analysis of 25 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 152:1179.
[3]. Diagnostic modalities in sarcoidosis: BAL,EBUS, PET Ulrich Cotabel
[4]. Tremblay A, Stather DR, Maceachern P, et al. A randomizedcontrolled trial of standard vs endobronchial ultrasonography-guidedtransbronchial needle aspiration in patients with suspected sarcoidosis. Chest 2009;136:340–6.
[5]. Garwood S, Judson MA, Silvestri et al, Endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Chest 2007 :132:1298-304

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate awareness of diabetic retinopathy among a sample of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Material and Methods: 50 adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were selected and after obtaining informed consent they were interviewed with help of Pre tested semi structured questionnaire in local language namely Tamil. The questionnaire comprised of questions regarding basic demographic data, awareness of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic control, treatment options available for retinopathy and barriers for undergoing early eye screening Collected data were analyzed to know the overall awareness about diabetic retinopathy among adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients......

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Retinopathy, Visual disability

[1]. American Diabetes Association.Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.Diabetes care.2011;34[suppl0:S62-9.
[2]. International diabetes federation: IDF Diabetes Atlas[2019]http://www.idf-dabetes-atlas-eighth edition
[3]. Tans GS,GanA,SabanayagamC,ThamYC,NeelamK,Mitchell P,et al.Ethnic differences in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy:The Singapore epidemiology of eye diseases study.Ophthalmology.2018:125:529-36
[4]. RamanR,RaniPK,Rachepalle SR,GnanamoorthyP,UthraS,Kumaramanickavel G et al.Prevalance of diabetic retinopathy in India:Sankara Nethralaya diabetic retinopathy epidemiology and molecular genetics study report 2.Ophthalmology.2009;116:311-8
[5]. Lingam S,Rani PK,SheeladeviS.KotapatiV,DasT.Knowledge of diabetic retinopathy in a pyramidal model of eye health care.Rural remote health.2018;18:4304

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast lesions in females are heterogenous diseases with several distinct entities with remarkably different characteristic features.The present study assessed histopathological findings of excision biopsies of breast lesions. AIM: To evaluate the frequency,age and histopathological features of breast lesions in our tertiary care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 148 samples received in 10% neutral buffered formalin into our Department.The histopathological diagnosis was made after routine processing and haematoxylin and eosin staining......

Key Word: Breast, lump, fibroadenoma, invasive breast carcinoma.

[1]. Yerakly F, Tadele AK. Histopathologic Patterns of Breast Lesions in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama Region, Ethiopia:A Six-Year Retrospective Study(September 2015 G.C to August 2020 G.C.). Clin Oncol. 2022; 7 1895.
[2]. Shalini Kashyap, & Sachin Chauhan. (2020). Study of Histopathological Patterns in Breast Lumps. Asian Journal of Medical Research, 9(1), PT12-PT15.
[3]. Kumbhakar D,TalukdarPP.Histopathological patterns of breast lesions – a hospital-based study.J Evid Based Med Health 2021;8(10):567-574.
[4]. RanjitsinghSulhyan K, RameshraoAnvikar A, MahamadisakMujawar I, Tiwari H. Histopathological study of breast lesions. Int J Med Res Rev [Internet]. 2017Jan.31 [cited 2022Oct.28];5(1):32-1.
[5]. Padmom L, Sapru K, Beena D. Histopathological spectrum of breast lesions- a study done in a tertiary care hospital. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2020;9(17):1412-1415, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2020/308

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lesions of the salivary glands constitute for 2–6% of head and neck lesions. For the preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions, FNAC is a quick, accessible, and essential investigative tool. There are certain difficulties in its widespread usage as a diagnostic tool for salivary gland lesions, because of the overlap of cytological characteristics and heterogeneity of the spectrum of lesions. To overcome this, in 2015, a standardized reporting system – " MILAN SYSTEM FOR REPORTING SALIVARY GLAND CYTOPATHOLOGY (MSRSGC) " was introduced for proper diagnosis, management, and determining the risk of malignancy in different........

Key Words: Milan System of Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC), Histopathological correlation, Risk Of Malignancy (ROM), Category AUS

[1]. Gupta I, Khurshid A, Bhardwaj S. Assessment of Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytopathology and risk of malignancy. International Journal of Health and Clinical Research, 2021; 4(9):42-4
[2]. Kala C, Kala S, Khan L. Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: An Experience with the implication for Risk of Malignancy. J Cytol 2019; 36(3):160–4
[3]. Bharti JN, Elhence P, Rao M, Nalwa A, Khera S. Risk stratification by application of Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: A tertiary care experience. CytoJournal 2021;18:19.
[4]. Karuna V, Vivek V, Singh R, Gupta P, Verma N. MSRSGC: A prospective study of heterogenous group atypia of undetermined significance. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2022;65:630-6
[5]. Paul B , Dharwadkar A , Viswanathan V, Vimal S, Bavikar R. Cytological Study of Salivary Gland Lesions in Accordance with the Milan System of Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. JPRI 2022; 34(36A):55-63,

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancytopenia is a hematological condition presenting with symptoms of Anemia, Leucopenia and Thrombocytopenia. It is caused by multitude of different etiologies like Megaloblastic anaemia, Aplastic anaemia, Infections, Leukemias and secondary malignancies. Bone marrow aspiration helps in identifying the cause of Pancytopenia. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To evaluate and identify the different causes of pancytopenia.....

Key Word: Pancytopenia, Bone marrow aspiration, Megaloblastic anaemia.

[1]. Watson, Henry G. Blood disease. Davidson's principles and practice of medicine. Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sci. 2013; 989-1056.
[2]. Guinan EC, Shimamura A. Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology. In: Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, Rodgers Paraskevas GM, Glader FB, editors. Acquired and inherited aplastic anemia syndromes. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004.1397-419.
[3]. Khunger JM, Arulselvi S, Sharma U, Ranga S, Talib VH. Pancytopenia-a clinico haematological study of 200 cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2002; 45(3):375- 9.
[4]. Khan SP, Geelani S, Khan FP, Ali N, Akhter S, Shah S, et al. Evaluation of pancytopenia on bone marrow aspiration- study at a tertiary care center in Kashmir valley, India. Int J Adv Med 2018; 5: 946-9.
[5]. Williams MD. Pancytopenia, aplastic anemia and pure red cell aplasia. In: Lee RG, Foerster J. Lukens J, Paraskevas F, Greer JP,

Abstract: Objective:To understand the significant impact COVID-19 had on dental practices. Methods:This study is a report-based questionnaire survey that was conducted among the dentists in the city of Bengaluru, India. The survey included dentists from nine different fields of specialization irrespective of the fact that their practice was a private or public-funded setup. An initial pilot study was done to validate the questionnaire among 20 dentists, post which links sent to 150 doctors of whom 132 responded to the survey. The questionnaire was designed in a way to assess the impact of the strain caused by the pandemic. In a broader spectrum, each question allowed us to critically analyse important variables such as the financial strain, patient flow, investments, and changes brought about by the practitioners during this period and helped us to gauge the need for changes to be bought in the field.....

Key words– COVID-19, corona virus, infection control, dental management workflow, preventive measures

[1]. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Official Website. Worker Exposure Risk to COVID-19.
[2]. Available online: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3993.pdf (accessed on 20 April 2020)
[3]. WHO. Infection Prevention and Control of Epidemic-and Pandemic Prone Acute Respiratory Infections in Health Care; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2014
[4]. COVID-19 outbreak and its monetary implications for dental practices, hospitals and healthcare workers. Farooq I, Ali S. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2020:postgradmedj-2020-137781
[5]. Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients. Wax RS, Christian MD. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadiend'anesthésie. 2020:1–9.

Abstract: Background: In India oral cancer is the most common type of cancerThe risk of oral cancer is increased by excessive alcohol and tobacco use. With early and accurate diagnosis better patient management can be achieved and histopathology is considered the gold standard. Aim:The aim is to study the spectrum of neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity and to study the distribution of lesions according to age and sex. Material and methods: A one year cross sectional observational study was done in the department of pathology, Sri Venkateshwara medical college, Tirupati. The......

Key Word: Neoplastic lesions, Buccal mucosa,Squamous cell carcinoma.

[1]. Maymone MBC, Greer RO, Burdine LK, Dao-Cheng A, Venkatesh S, Sahitya PC, Maymone AC, Kesecker J, Vashi NA. Benign oral mucosal lesions: Clinical and pathological findings. J Am AcadDermatol. 2019 Jul;81(1):43-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.061. Epub 2018 Nov 14. PMID: 30447312
[2]. Kak MM, Rastogi P, Nath A, Kumar R.Histopathological interpretation of oral cavity lesions. Int J Appl Dent Sci. 2021;7(2):5754-79.
[3]. Gupta I, Rani R, Suri J. Histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions – A tertiary care experience. Indian J PatholOncol 2021;8(3):364-368.
[4]. Bhagat R, Randhawa M, Bhardwaj S. Histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2019;8(24):1886-90.
[5]. Agrawal R, Chauhan A, Kumar P. Spectrum of Oral Lesions in A Tertiary Care Hospital. J ClinDiagn Res. 2015 Jun;9(6):EC11-3. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13363.6121. Epub 2015 Jun 1. PMID: 26266127; PMCID: PMC4525516.

Abstract: Purpose of the study-The current study is undertaken to determine the association of serum lipid profile with diabetic retinopathy and its severity. The conflicting reports in the literature regarding the association between serum lipid levels and diabetic retinopathy and the paucity of studies relative to the existing case load warrants this study.Methods- The study comprised a total of 200 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (100 With diabetic retinopathy and 100 without diabetic retinopathy) and 100 age and sex matched control, examined at the Department of Ophthalmology, government medical college , Kota,over a period of one year.Ophthalmoscopic and biomicroscopic examination......

Keywords- diabetic retinopathy, serum cholesterol and triglycerides

[1]. Chowdhury TA, Hopkins D, Dodson PM, Vafidis DF. The role of serum lipids in exudative diabetic maculopathy: is there a place for lipid lowering therapy? Eye 2002 (16): 689–693.
[2]. Reanita, Bardosono S, Victor AA. Relationship between plasma lipid profile and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. Med J Indones 2008; 17: 221-225.
[3]. ChewEY,Klein ML,FerrisFL3rd,RemaleyNA,MurphyRP and ChantryKetal. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabeticretinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22.ArchOphthalmol.1996Sep; 114:1079-84.
[4]. Rema M, Srivastava BK, Anitha B, Deepa R, Mohan V. Association of serumlipids with diabeticretinopathy inurban South Indians—theChennai UrbanRural Epidemiology Study (CURES)EyeStudy—2.DiabeticMedicine2006;23:1029–1036.
[5]. ParomitaK,PeacockI,DonnellyR.TheUKProspective DiabetesStud y (UKPDS): clinical and therapeutic implications for type 2 diabetes. Br J ClinPharmacol.1999November;48(5):643–648..

Abstract: A 20 year old male presented with history of trauma to right eye with a thorn 2 days ago, followed by decreased vision in right eye. On examination visual acuity in right eye was counting fingers 2 meters, left eye was 6/6 . Anterior segment examination of right eye revealed a corneal tear about 3 mm in paracentral area, with loose fluffy cortical material in anterior chamber, with traumatic cataract. Fundus examination was not possible due to corneal tear and traumatic cataract. USG Bscan was avoided due to open globe injury. Left eye anterior segment and fundus were within normal limits. Patient underwent right eye primary corneal tear repair with lens aspiration of traumatic cataract. Corneal tear was sutured.......

[1]. Ho, Derek K.-H. MA(Cantab), FRCOphth; Rajkumar, Kadaba N. MS, FRCS(Ed). Inadvertent vitreous staining with trypan blue. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: August 2020 - Volume 46 - Issue 8 - p 1198-1199 doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000239 [2]. Kayıkçıoğlu ÖR, Mayalı H, Doğruya S, Alp Ş, Yılmazlar AA, Kurt E. Unintentional Staining of the Anterior Vitreous with Trypan Blue During Cataract Surgery. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct 30;50(5):308-312. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.94580. PMID: 33342199; PMCID: PMC7610048.
[3]. Chowdhury PKRaj SMVasavada AR Inadvertent staining of the vitreous with trypan blue. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30 (1) 274- 276
[4]. Jacobs DS, Cox TA, Wagoner MD, Ariyasu RG, Karp CL; American Academy of Ophthalmology; Ophthalmic Technology Assessment Committee Anterior Segment Panel. Capsule staining as an adjunct to cataract surgery: a report from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:707–713. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[5]. Sharma N, Bhartiya P, Sinha R, Vajpayee RB. Trypan blue assisted phacoemulsification by residents in training. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002;30:386–387. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Abstract: clavicle fractures are one of the most sustained injuries during road traffic accidents .A complete systemic examination coupled with all the essential investigations are mandatory in such cases to plan the type of anaesthesia, intra operative management. Regional nerve blocks provide an effective and safe alternative method of anaesthesia in patients with compromised cardio respiratory status. We report a case of a 63 year old patient with compromised cardiorespiratory status posted for clavicle surgery and fixation was planned under combined interscalene and superficial cervical plexus block using landmark technique and the case was managed successfully

[1]. Hirschel G. Die Anasthesierung des plexus brachialis beioperationen an der oberenextremitat. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1911;58:1555–6.
[2]. Winnie AP, Collins VJ. The subclavian perivascular technic of brachial plexus anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1964;25:353–63.
[3]. Winnie AP. Interscalene brachial plexus block. AnesthAnalg. 1970;49:455–66.
[4]. Winnie AP, Ramamurthy S, Durrani Z, Radonjic R. Interscalene cervical plexus block: A single-injection technic. AnesthAnalg. 1975;54:370–5.