iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov. 2022

Abstract: Background- The new pandemic caused by COVID-19 (SARS CoV-2) originated at Wuhan, China became the public health crisis throughout the globe. Susceptibility to this airborne infection is low in children when compared to adults due to nonspecific protection resulting from recent infection by other respiratory viruses, which children experiences more frequently than adults. Material And Methods: Reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction testing (RT-PCR) was done on 4617 nasopharyngeal & oropharyngeal swab specimens received along with sample reference form received at SRRIT & CD Hyderabad from May 2020 to October........

Key words: COVID-19, Pandemic, RT-PCR,SARS CoV-2.

[1]. Harjit P Singh, V Khullar, M Sharma. Estimating the Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on High-Risk Age Group Population in India Augmented Human Research (2020) 5:18
[2]. Liu X, Lv J, Gan L, Zhang Y, Sun F, Meng B, et al. Comparative analysis of clinical characteristics, imaging and laboratory findings of different age groups with COVID-19. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020;38:87-93
[3]. Sanket V, Kulkarni & Himanshu Chauhan. COVID-19 in Different Age Groups of Children: Initial Impression from Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) under National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) The Indian Journal of Pediatrics (September 2020) 87(9):674–675
[4]. William Joe, A.Kumar, S. Rajpal, US Mishra, SV Subramanian. Equal risk, unequal burden? Gender differentials in COVID-19 mortality in India J Glob Health Sci. 2020 Jun;2(1):e17
[5]. M Biswasa, S Rahamana , TK Biswasb, Zahirul Haquec, B Ibrahim. Association of Sex, Age, and Comorbidities with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Intervirology 2021;64:36–47.

Abstract: Background: It is a case report of septic encephalopathy in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at the Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Male, 60 years old, admitted to ICU after emergency surgery debridement pedis dextra et causa diabetic ulcer. Case Description: Initial condition Glasgow Coma Scale/GCS 12 (E4M4V4, E = eye, M = motoric, V = verbal), oxygen NRM (non-rebreathing mask) 8 litres/minute, oxygen saturation (SpO2) 100%, 30 breaths/minute,and hemodynamically stable. Laboratory......

Key words: Septic encephalopathy, emergency surgery, mechanical ventilation

[1]. Giovampaola MD, CavalliI, MasciaL. Neuropsychological Outcome of Critically Patients with Severe Infection. Biomedicines 2022, 10, https://doi.org/10.3390/Biomedicines10030526.
[2]. Huang Y, Chen R, Jiang L, Lis, Xue Y. Basic Research and clinical Progress of sepsis- associated encephalopathy. Journal of Intensive Medicine 1 (2021) 90-95. https://doi.10.1016/j.jointm.2021.08.002.
[3]. Sean P, Kane B. 2018. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Calculator-ClinCalc.com [online]. Retrieved: Juni 5, 2019, form:https://clincalc.com/icuMortality/SOFA.aspx
[4]. Khan BA, Perkins AJ, Gao S, Hui SL, Campbell NL, Farber MO, et al. The CAM-ICU-7 DeliriumSeverity Scale: A Novel Delirium Severity Instrument for Use in the Intensive Care Unit. CritCareMed.2017May;45(5):851-857
[5]. Seo Y, Lee HJ, HaEJ, HaTS. 2021 KSCCM clinical practice guide line for pain, agitation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disturbance in the intensive care unit. Acute and Critical Care 2022February37(1):1-25.https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00094.

Abstract: Adenomatoid tumor is a rare benign mesothelial neoplasm of para testicular region and mainly involves the epididymis. It is important to make a definite diagnosis because of difficulty in differentiating it clinically and radiologically from other intra scrotal lesions. We report a case of 52-year male presenting with swelling in right scrotum. High inguinal orchidectomy was performed and the histopathological examination confirmed diagnosis of adenomatoid tumor of epididymis. Based on its rarity we hereby, review the literature and discuss the clinical and histopathological aspects.

Keywords: Adenomatoid tumor, para testicular mass, epididymis, infarction, orchidectomy

[1]. Moyano CJL, Giraldez PJ, Sanchez de la Vega J, et al. Adenomatoid tumour of epididymis. Acta UrolEsp 2007;31: 417-19.
[2]. Davis CJ, Woodward PJ, Dehner LP et al. Tumors of paratesticular structures. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI et al. WHO classification of tumors. Pathology and genetics of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs. Lyon: IARC press,2004;267-76.
[3]. Samada A, Pereiroa B, Badiola A, Gallegoc C, Zungria E. Adenomatoid tumour of intratesticular localization. Eur Urol 1996; 30: 127-28.
[4]. Beccia DJ, Krane RJ, Olsson CA. Clinical management of non-testicular intrascrotal tumors. J Urol 1976;116: 476-79.
[5]. Shaida N, Berman LH. Percutaneous testicular biopsy for indeterminate testicular lesions. Br J Radiol. 2012 Nov;85 Spec No 1(Spec Iss 1):S54-8. doi: 10.1259/bjr/30496032. Epub 2012 Jun 6. PMID: 22674703; PMCID: PMC3746403

Abstract: Pain in paediatric patients has become a major problem, resulting in introduction of new analgesic drugs and newer ways of application of old drugs. • A multimodal approach is employed in current pain management. • Psychological methods, mild analgesics, local and regional analgesia, are often combined to achieve superior pain relief and to minimise the side effects. • The most commonly used Regional anaesthesia........

[1]. Hong JY, Han SW, Kim WO, Kim EJ, Kil HK. Effect of dexamethasone in combination with caudal analgesia on postoperative pain control in day-case paediatricorchiopexy. Br J Anaesth 2010;105:506-10.
[2]. Srinivasan B, Karnawat R, Mohammed S, Chaudhary B, Ratnawat A, Kothari SK, et al. Comparison of caudal and intravenous dexamethasone as adjuvants for caudal epidural block: A double blinded randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth 2016;60:948-54.

Abstract: Background: Primary cutaneous lymphomsa (PCL) are non-Hodgkin lymphomas presenting in the skin with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. There are several skin directed as well as systemic treatments for these lymphomas with effectiveness limited to reducing symptoms only. Phototherapy is one of the key treatments of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) . The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of phototherapy in treating patients with early stage Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Methods: . A case series study of total 87 patients registered in lymphoma clinic at Tripoli Central Hospital in a period of thirteen years.........

Keywords: Cutaneous lymphomas, Mycosis fungoides , Phototherapy, NB-UVB

[1]. R. Willemze, E. Hodak, P.L. Zinzani, L. Specht, M. Ladetto. Primary cutaneous lymphomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013 Oct;24 Suppl 6:149-54
[2]. Rodd AL, Ververis K, Karagiannis TC: Current and Emerging Therapeutics for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Lymphoma. 2012;2012:1–10, 290685.
[3]. Farahnaz Fatemi Naeini, Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini, Mohsen Pourazizi,1,2 Hamidreza Sadeghiyan,3 and Jamshid Najafian Primary cutaneous lymphomas: A clinical and histological study of 99 cases in Isfahan, Iran. J Res Med Sci. 2015 Sep; 20(9): 827–831.
[4]. Martina Ferranti, Giulia Tadiotto Cicogna, Irene Russo, and Mauro Alaib ac. Immunomodulation in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol. 2019; 9: 1025
[5]. Werner Kempf1,2 | Anne‐Katrin Zimmermann1 | Christina Mitteldorf3. Cutaneous lymphomas - An update 2019 . Hematological Oncology. 2019;37(S1):43–47.

Abstract: Background: Papilledema refers to bilateral, passive, non-inflammatory oedema of the opticnerve head due to raised intracranial pressure (ICP)1. It can occur in any age and sex.Diseases causing Papilledema to include brain tumours, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), trauma, meningitis and hydrocephalus. Several theories were postulated to explain the underlying mechanism of papilledema. Of them, mechanical compression theory and an ischemic insult to axons are the most important. The incidence of different causes of papilledema in various studies shows highest due to vascular insult followed by inflammation, idiopathic intracranial........

Keywords: Visual acquity, colour vision, visual fields, papilledema

[1]. Walsh F, Hoyt W. Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
[2]. Rigi M, Almarzouqi SJ, Morgan ML, Lee AG. Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management. Eye Brain. 2015: 7:47-57.
[3]. Trobe JD. Papilledema: the vexing issues. J Neuroophthalmol. 2011; 31(2):175-86.
[4]. Sirisha G, Swetha S, Lakshmi Chowdary N. Evaluation of etiological factors and visual field defects in patients with papilloedema. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2016; 3(9):2729-31.
[5]. Agrawal R, Take P. Clinical staging and visual prognosis of patients with papilloedema. Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019;5(1):30-34

Abstract: FESS is an surgical procedure performed in otorhinolaryngological diseases with an aim to restore the drainage and aeration of paranasal sinuses......

[1]. Cincikas D, Ivaškevicius J, Martinkenas JL, Balseris S. A role of anesthesiologist in reducing surgical bleeding in endoscopic sinus surgery. Medicina (Kaunas) 2010;46:730-4.
[2]. Gittelman PD, Jacobs JB, Skorina J. Comparison of functional endoscopic sinus surgery under local and general anesthesia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1993;102:289-93

Abstract: Joubert syndrome (JS) is a very rare autosomal-recessive condition and is characterised by agenesis of cetrebellar vermis, abnormal eye moments with nystagmus, episodes of hyperapnea and apnea, delayed generalised motor development, retinal coloboma and dystrophy and multi cystic kidney disease. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography and antenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we had diagnosed a case of JS in a 11 year old male child.

[1]. Arora R. Joubert syndrome: imaging features and illustration of a case. Polish journal of radiology. 2014;79:381. [2]. Singh P, Goraya JS, Saggar K, Ahluwalia A. A report of Joubert syndrome in an infant, with literature review. Journal of pediatric neurosciences. 2011 Jan;6(1):44 [3]. Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM. Joubert Syndrome and related disorders. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2010 Dec;5(1):20. [4]. Zamponi N, Rossi B, Messori A, Polonara G, Regnicolo L, Cardinali C. Joubert syndrome with associated corpus callosum agenesis. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2002 Jan 1;6(1):63-6. [5]. Nag C, Ghosh M, Das K, Ghosh TN. Joubert syndrome: the molar tooth sign of the mid-brain. Annals of medical and health sciences research. 2013 Apr;3(2):291. [6]. Maria BL, Boltshauser E, Palmer SC, Tran TX. Clinical features and revised diagnostic criteria in Joubert syndrome. Journal of child neurology. 1999 Sep;14(9):583-90.

Abstract: Introduction :Sciatic nerve, the largest nerve of the human body, bifurcates into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve at any level from the pelvis to the popliteal fossa.The sciatic nerve presentsvariations in its level of bifurcation in relation to piriformis muscle. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe and define the level of the bifurcation of sciatic nerve and its anatomical variations obtained from human cadavers. Materials & Methods:In the present study observations of 36 gluteal regions in 18 formalin –fixed adult male cadavers during undergraduate practical dissection in the department of Anatomy, S.V.Medical College, and Tirupathi were presented.......

Keywords: Anatomicvariation; Sciatic nerve; Piriformis

[1]. Gray's Anatomy. 40th edition. ELBSand Churchill Livingstone , in neurology, p. 1145.
[2]. Güvençer M, Iyem C, Akyer P, Tetik S, Naderi S (2009) Variations in the high division of the sciatic nerve and relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriformis. Turk Neurosurg 19: 139-144.
[3]. Saritha S, Praveen Kumar M, Supriya G (2012) Anatomical Variations in the Bifurcation of the Sciatic Nerve, A Cadaveric Study and its Clinical Implications. AnatPhysiol 2:111.
[4]. Yusuf Saleem khan K ,Tasneem Kareem khan A rare case of bilateral high division of sciatic nerve (of different types) with unilateral divided piriformis and unusual high origin of genicular branch of common fibular nerve . International Journal of Anatomical Variations (2011) 4: 63–66.
[5]. Beaton LE, Anson BJ: The relation of the sciatic nerve and its subdivisions to the piriformis muscle. Anat Rec 70: 1–5, 1937.

Abstract: Background: Enterically transmitted Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Heptitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute liver disease both sporadically and in epidemics in developing countries. Cases are not clinically distinguishable and specific diagnosis can be made by detection of serum IgM antibodies of HAV and HEV.Aim:The present study was undertaken to know the incidence of HAV and HEV seropositivity in acute hepatitis cases attending tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad during June 2018 to May 2019 after obtaining institutional ethical committee approval.......

Key words: Hepatitis, seropositivity, IgM antibodies, sporadic, serum bilirubin.

[1]. Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, 24 June 2022, WHO fact sheet.
[2]. Facts about hepatitis A, Facts about hepatitis E, Factsheet, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, updated 26 Jun 2017.
[3]. Glynn W. Webb,* Sophie Kelly and Harry R. Daltonc,d: Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E: Clinical and Epidemiological Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, Clin Microbiol Newsl. 2020 Nov 1; 42(21): 171–179.
[4]. Adnan Alatoom, MD, PhD; M. Qasim Ansari, MD; Jennifer Cuthbert, MD: Multiple Factors Contribute to Positive Results for Hepatitis A Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibody; Arch Pathol Lab Med, Vol 137, January 2013, 90 – 95.
[5]. Nassim Kamar, Harry R. Dalton, Florence Abravanel, Jacques Izopetb:Hepatitis E Virus Infection, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 2014: Vol 27 (1); 116 –138.

Abstract: Bond strength is the amount of force required to break the connection between a bonded dental restoration and the tooth surface with the failure occurring in or near the adhesive/ adherent interface (or) Expression of degree of adherence between tooth surface and another material. Composites are materials composed of a highly cross-linked polymeric matrix reinforced by a dispersion of glass, mineral, or resin filler particles or short fibres bound to the matrix by coupling agents. Composites are used to restore and replace dental tissue lost through disease or trauma and to lute and cement crowns and veneers and other indirectly made or prefabricated dental devices......

Key Word: Bonding; Adhesive; Bond strength; Shear strength; Tensile Strength; Composite.

[1]. Liaqat S, Aljabo A, Khan MA, et al. Characterization of Dentine to Assess Bond Strength of Dental Composites. Materials (Basel). 2015;8(5):2110-2126.
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[3]. Perdigão J, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B, et al. The interaction of adhesive systems with human dentin. Am J Dent. 1996;9(4):167-173.
[4]. Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, et al. Buonocore memorial lecture. Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges. Oper Dent. 2003;28(3):215-235.
[5]. Sirisha K, Rambabu T, Shankar YR, Ravikumar P. Validity of bond strength tests: A critical review: Part I. J Conserv Dent. 2014;17(4):305-311.