iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov. 2022

Abstract: Introduction: Synchronous gallbladder tumors are uncommon. Simultaneous occurrence of two malignant tumours-Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) represent a rare diagnosis of the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract. Evidence from the current literature regarding their epidemiology, biology, and management is of variable quality and conflicting. Based on available data, the MiNEN has an aggressive biological behaviour, mostly driven by its (often high-grade) neuroendocrine component, and a dismal prognosis. In most cases, the non-neuroendocrine component is of adenocarcinoma histology. Due to limitations in diagnostic methods and poor awareness within the scientific community, the incidence of MiNENs may be underestimated. In the absence of data from clinical trials........

[1]. Hundal R, Shaffer EA. Gallbladder cancer: epidemiology and outcome. ClinEpidemiol. 2014;6:99–109. 2. Zhu AX, Hong TS, Hezel AF, et al. Current management of gallbladder carcinoma. Oncologist. 2010;15:168–81.
[2]. Goldin RD, Roa JC. Gallbladder cancer: a morphological and molecular update. Histopathology. 2009;55:218–29.
[3]. Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND. WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2010.
[4]. Mani H, Climent F, Colomo L, Pittaluga S, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES. Gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct lymphomas: clinicopathological observations and biological implications. Am J SurgPathol. 2010;34:1277–86.
[5]. Namikawa T, Munekage ERI, Fukudome IAN, Maeda H. Clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Anticancer Res. 2014;5074:5067–74.

Abstract: Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis) is a rare but serious angio-invasive infection caused by a group of fungi called mucormycetes. Spores of these ubiquitous fungi (commonly found in soil, fallen leaves, compost, animal dung and air) can be inhaled and then infect the lungs, sinuses, and extend into the brain and eyes. Less often, infection may develop when the spores enter the body through a cut or an open wound. Mucormycosis is not a contagious disease, it cannot be spread from one person to another. Mucormycosis mainly affects people who are immunocompromised, or patients already infected with other diseases. High risk groups include people with diabetes (especially diabetic ketoacidosis), solid organ transplantation, neutropenia (low neutrophils........

[1]. Oliver A Cornely, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Lancet Infect Dis 2019; 19: e405–21. Accessed online from https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099%2819%2930312-3 on 26 May 2021
[2]. Evidence based advisory in the times of COVID-19. https://www.icmr.gov.in/pdf/covid/techdoc/Mucormycosis_ADVISORY_FROM_ICMR_In_COVID19_time.pdf accessed 26 May 2021
[3]. Pongas et al. Voriconazole-associated zygomycosis: a significant consequence of evolving antifungal prophylaxis and immunosuppression practices?. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15 (Suppl. 5): 93–97
[4]. Russell E. Lewis, Guangling Liao, Weiqun Wang, Randall A. Prince & Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis (2011) Voriconazole pre-exposure selects for breakthrough mucormycosis in a mixed model of Aspergillus fumigatus-Rhizopus oryzae pulmonary infection, Virulence, 2:4, 348-355, DOI: 10.4161/viru.2.4.17074
[5]. Trifilio, S., Bennett, C., Yarnold, P. et al. Breakthrough zygomycosis after voriconazole administration among patients with hematologic malignancies who receive hematopoietic stem-cell transplants or intensive chemotherapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 39, 425–429 (2007).

Abstract: Introduction:Recent scientific advancements in restorative materials have led to evolution of preventive techniques. There is an ever-increasing range of agents to promote remineralisation and prevent demineralisation. This study was conducted to generate evidence and compare enamel remineralisation after treatment with four different remineralising agents using surface microhardness assessment. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 50 enamel slabs were created and divided into 6 groups,ten samples each forcasein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, sodium flouride, calcium sucrose phosphate and green tea extract, and 5 samples each in positive and negative control groups...........

Keywords: Amorphous calcium phosphate, Analysis of variance, Calcium sucrose phosphate, Cariostatic agents,Dental Caries, Surface hardness,Tooth demineralisation, Tooth remineralisation

[1]. Pinheiro SL, da Rocha NN, Peres MH. Capacity of a hydroxyapatite–lysozyme combination against Streptococcus mutans for the treatment of dentinal caries. J Conserv Dent 2016;19:465-468.
[2]. Usha C, Sathyanarayanan R. Dental caries - A complete changeover (Part I). J Conserv Dent 2009;12:46-54.
[3]. Tyagi SP, Garg P, Sinha DJ, Singh UP. An update on remineralising agents. J Interdiscip Dentistry 2013;3:151-158.
[4]. Vashisht R, Kumar A, Indira R, Srinivasan MR, Ramachandran S. Remineralisation of early enamel lesions using casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium Phosphate: an ex-vivo study. Contemp Clin Dent 2010;1:210-213.
[5]. Shetty S, Hegde MN, Bopanna TP. Enamel remineralization assessment after treatment with three different remineralizing agents using surface microhardness: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2014;17:49-52.

Abstract: Renal tubular acidosis(RTA) type 2 in new-borns is an inherited/acquired disorder that impairs the kidney's ability to absorb filtered bicarbonate[1]. It is characterized by normal anion gap (hyperchloremic)metabolic acidosis with low urine pH[3]. We describe the case of a term male new-born who was referred to the NICU with lethargy and refusal to feed. The sepsis screen was positive, so antibiotics were given based on culture and sensitivity(Staphylococcus hominis). There were no ambiguous genitalia and no signs of adrenal insufficiency. The neonate's clinical condition worsened despite proper antibiotics, therefore a repeat sepsis screen and ABG were performed, which revealed hypernatremia, normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia, and increased serum osmolality.........

[1]. Mustaqeem R, Arif A. Renal tubular acidosis. InStatPearls [Internet] 2022 Jul 18. StatPearls Publishing.
[2]. Khandelwal P, Bagga A. Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-base Disorders. Pediatric Nephrology. 2016 May 31:88.
[3]. Sinha A, Bagga A. Tubular disorders. Pediatric Nephrology. 2016 May 31;6:312-16.
[4]. Moshref LH, Moshref RH, Safdar OY. Renal tubular acidosis in pediatrics: A review article. Australasian Medical Journal (Online). 2019;12(2):63-70.
[5]. McSherry E, Sebastian A, Morris RC. Renal tubular acidosis in infants: the several kinds, including bicarbonate-wasting, classic renal tubular acidosis. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1972 Mar 1;51(3):499-514.

Abstract: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder involving joints characterizedby cell stress and extracellular matrix degradation. Several methods are used to alleviate the symptoms of knee OA, including analgesics, physical therapy,exercise as well as intra-articular injections like glucocorticoids and/or hyaluronic acid. Some recent studies have focused on modern therapeutic methods that stimulate cartilage healing process and improve the damage, including the use of platelet-richplasma (PRP) as a complex of growth factors. We have not enough research-based data regarding the role of platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis of knee-joint..........

Keywords: Osteoarthritis,Platelet-rich plasma (PRP),Knee joint, WOMAC scoring system.

[1]. Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, National Arthritis Data Workgroup, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States Part II. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(1):23–6.
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[3]. Woolf, A.D. and B. Pfleger, Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2003 Pubmed ID: 14710506.
[4]. Altman, R., et al., Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Association. Arthritis and rheumatism, 1986doi:10.1002/art.1780290816.
[5]. Wesseling, J., et al., CHECK (Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee): similarities and differences with the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2009. 68(9): p. 1413-1419 doi:10.1136/ard.2008.096164.

Abstract: The use of overdenture allows an individual to retain the roots of natural teeth, which by any mean are the best option to preserve the residual alveolar ridge. The concept of conventional tooth-retained overdentures is a simple and cost-effective treatment than the implant overdentures. When few firm teeth are present in an otherwise compromised dentition, they can be retained and used as abutments for overdenture fabrication. This helps improve the retention and stability of the final prosthesis significantly. In this article, case reports with two different types of Overdentures are discussed: overdenture with telescopic coping, customized metal coping with post.

Keywords: Overdenture; tooth-supported; post-core; complete edentulous.

[1]. Ferro KJ, Morgano SM, Driscoll CF, Freilich MA, Guckes AD, Knoernschild KL, McGarry TJ, Twain M. The glossary of prosthodontic terms.
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Abstract: Objective: The study was a follow-up to an earlier study done to compare the haematological indices of some Hb Genotype variants. The range of neutrophil counts of subjects with different haemoglobin genotypes was the subject of the present study. The objective was to highlight the differences in a single haematotlogical index in the Hb genotype variants which may help in identifying points of departure in the pathophysiology of such variants. Secondly, to help in planning interventions and predicting outcomes. Study Design: The same outpatient population base employed for the earlier study was analyzed. The study covered the period between.......

Keywords: Neutrophil Count; Neutrophilia; Haemoglobin Genotype

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[2]. Rana G. Zaini. Assessment of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes level among sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease patients. Bioscience Research,16(2):2322-2327.2019
[3]. S. G. Ahmed & A. Uraka.Eosinopenia as a marker of infection in patients with sickle cell anaemia: A preliminary report.International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences.Vol.6,No.1.2010 .
[4]. Olowoyeye A, Okwundu CI. Gene therapy for sickle cell disease. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (11):CD007652.2020
[5]. Olatunji PO, Davies SC. The predictive value of white cell count in assessing clinical severity of sickle cell anaemia in Afro-Caribbeans patients. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2000;29(1):27– 30.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common disorders of the liver worldwide. Over the past decade, numerous studies have confirmed an association between thyroid dysfunction and NAFLD. Unfortunately, most studies have been characterized by a relatively small or selected study collection. Correlation between Hypothyroidism and NAFLD may be grounded in the association of reduced FT4 levels with hypertriglyceridemia and overweight. NAFLD is defined as hepatic accumulation of fat in the absence of excess alcohol consumption. It is now the leading cause of the liver disease worldwide.......

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Abstract: Résumé : Introduction : Le dermatofibrosarcome de Darier et Ferrand est une tumeur cutanée rare de malignité intermédiaire qui se caractérise par son évolution lente son agressivité locale et un haut pouvoir de récidive. Matériels et Méthodes :De JUIN 2019 à JUIN 2021 où 12 cas de DFS ont été pris en charge dans le service de Chirurgie Plastique du CHIS, survenant pour la première fois, ou une récidive après un traitement initial réalisé ailleurs........

[1]. Petoin DS, Verola O, Banzet P, Dufourmentel C, Servant JM. Dermatofibrosarcome de Darier et Ferrand : étude de 96 cas sur 15 ans. Chirurgie 1985;111:132-8.
[2]. Kasse A, Dieng M, Deme A, Fall MC, et al. Les dermatofibrosarcomes de darier et ferrand, à propos de 22 cas et revue de la littérature. Médecine d'Afrique Noire. 1999;46(4):222–27.
[3]. Joucdar S, Kismoune H, Boudjemia F, Acha D, Abed L. Les dermatofibrosarcomes de Darier et Ferrand: analyse r étrospective de 81 cas sur dix ans (1983-1994) Ann Chir Plast Esthét. 2001;46(2):134–40.
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[5]. Costa OG. Progressive reccurent dermatofibroma (Darier-Ferrand): anatomical study. Arch Derm Syph Paris. 1924;5:432–54.
[6]. Wright TI, Petersen JE. Treatment of Recurrent Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans with Imatinib Mesylate, Followed by Mohs Micrographic Surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2007 Jun;33(6):741–4.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of placentrex and ozonated olive oil application on healing after laser depigmentation procedure. Materials And Methods: A Split mouth study was planned with the subjects having gingival melanin hyperpigmentation in maxillary and/or mandibular arches. Each site was randomly divided into 2 groups. Laser depigmentation was performed under local anesthesia using a diode laser. After the depigmentation procedure ozonated olive oil (DENTOZONE INDIA) was applied in group 1 & Placentrex was applied in group 2. Subjects were recalled 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month postoperatively, and Healing Index and Visual Analog Scale for pain were recorded......

Keywords: Gingival hyperpigmentation, Laser, Placentrex, Ozonated olive oil

[1]. R.A. Abdel Moneim et al.; Gingival pigmentation (cause, treatment, and histological preview) Future Dental Journal 3 (2017) 1-7.
[2]. Edala Venkata Gana Karthik, Kaarthikeyan G, Dhanraj Ganapathy. Gingival Depigmentation Techniques: A Review. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(7):2946-2949.
[3]. Kumar T, Arora N, Puri G, Aravinda K, Dixit A, Jatti D. Efficacy of ozonized olive oil in the management of oral lesions and conditions: A clinical trial. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:51-4.
[4]. Anzolin AP, Silveira-Kaross NL, Bertol CD. Ozonated oil in wound healing: what has already been proven? Med Gas Res. 2020;10(1):54-59.
[5]. Bulent Uysal; Ozonated olive oils and the troubles; J IntercultEthnopharmacol; Apr-Jun 2014;3(2)

Abstract: Background:Halitosis is an unpleasant breath odour that has a negative impact on self-confidence and with people's professional and social life globally Halitosis has been associated with psychiatric symptoms such as phobias, depression, substantial worry, and alterations in behaviour and can badly affect self-esteem, self-confidence, cause social and personal isolation, decrease the quality of life and may indicate the presence of a more severe disease The objective of the present study was to evaluate self-perception, knowledge, and awareness of halitosis among dental students. Materials and Methods: A questionnairebased.....

Keywords: Halitosis; Dental students; Knowledge

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[5]. Lee PPC, Mak WY, Newsome P. The aetiology and treatment of oral halitosis: an update. Hong Kong Med J 2004;10(6):414-8.