iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2024

Abstract: Introduction: Conventional and advanced radiography are useful tool in various disciplines of oral medicine and dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning of diseases. Radiographs with artifacts have poor diagnostic value and cannot be use for diagnostic purpose. Because changes in quality of radiographs may lead to misinterpretation, resulting in incorrect diagnosis and treatment planning. Thus, a proper knowledge of normal anatomy of orofacial region and radiographic artifacts is necessary to reach to a proper diagnosis. In this review article , we have discussed about the classification of different artifacts taken from different database.

Key words : Radiographic artifacts, dark and light radiograph, intraoral periapical radiograph

[1]. Shakya S, Ongole R, Sumanth Kn. Lightening Dark Dental Radiograph. Journal Of Nepal Dental Association 2009; 10(1):79-80.
[2]. V.E.Rushton, K.Horner And H.V.Worthington. The Quality Of Panoramic Radiographs In A Sample Of General Dental Practices. Research Radiology 1998.
[3]. Charles E.Willis, Stephen K. Thompson, Jeff Shepard. Artifacts And Misadventures In Digital Radiography. Applied Radiology 2004: 11-19.
[4]. Neil Serman. Radiographic Errors And Artifacts. August 2000: 1-3.
[5]. Benjamin Peretz, Maya Gotler And Israel Kaffe. Common Artifacts In Digital Panoramic Radiographs Of Patients With Mixed Dentition And Patients With Permanent Dentition. International Journal Of Dentistry 2012: 1-7.

Abstract: A branch of dentistry called forensic odontology focuses on identifying people based on their oral anatomy. The use of dental identification to identify people has increased over the past several years and has been a significant aid in the identifying process. The tongue is a vital organ that is completely present inside the oral cavity. The tongue has distinctive characteristics in its size, shape, and sexual dimorphism. Even identical twins have different tongue features.....

Key Words : Tongue Prints, Forensic odontology, personal identification, recogonition

[1]. Bansal N, Bansal R. Tongue Prints Are They True???. Official Journal Of The Zhende Research Group. 2020 Jan;1(1):20-3.
[2]. Radhika T, Jeddy N, Nithya S. Tongue Prints: A Novel Biometric And Potential Forensic Tool. Journal Of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2016 Sep;8(3):117.
[3]. Nimbulkar G, Patil R, Nathani S, Salve S, Chhabra Kg, Reche Sd. Tongue Prints: A Forensic Review. Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2020 Oct 29;14(4):6802-6
[4]. Godbole M, Narang B, Palaskar S, Patil S, Bartake Ar. Tongue Scanning As A Biometric Tool: A Review.
[5]. Goyal S, Kansal G. Dental Considerations In Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: A Review. International Journal Of Clinical Case Reports. 2015;5(9)..

Abstract: This review comprehensively explores the multifaceted aspects of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and diverse treatment modalities are discussed, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach. Much of the review dives into emerging perspectives, including advancements in therapeutic strategies, immunogenetics, and personalized treatment approaches. The interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental factors is explored.....

Keywords: Vasculitis; Cryoglobulinemic; Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

[1]. Mazzaro C, Dal Maso L, Urraro T, Mauro E, Castelnovo L, Casarin P, Et Al. Hepatitis B Virus Related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis: A Multicentre Open Label Study From The Gruppo Italiano Di Studio Delle Crioglobulinemie - Gisc. Dig Liver Dis. 2016;48(7).
[2]. Alfraji N, Upadhyaya Vd, Bekampis C, Kuzyshyn H. Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Syndrome (Mcs) Due To Untreated Hepatitis B With Uncommon Presentation: Case Report And Literature Review. Bmc Rheumatol. 2020;4(1).
[3]. Takada S, Shimizu T, Hadano Y, Matsumoto K, Kataoka Y, Arima Y, Et Al. Cryoglobulinemia (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2012;6(1):3–8.
[4]. Mazzaro C, Bomben R, Visentini M, Gragnani L, Quartuccio L, Saccardo F, Et Al. Hepatitis B Virus-Infection Related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis. Clinical Manifestations And The Effect Of Antiviral Therapy: A Review Of The Literature. Vol. 13, Frontiers In Oncology. 2023.
[5]. Galossi A, Guarisco R, Bellis L, Puoti C. Extrahepatic Manifestations Of Chronic Hcv Infection. Vol. 16, Journal Of Gastrointestinal And Liver Diseases. 2007

Abstract: Mandibular fractures in children are relatively rare, not only by their anatomical and physiological aspects, but also by their social factor, which makes this group less exposed to high-impact trauma. The aim of the treatment was to achieve the bony union, normal occlusion, restoration of normal form and function, and to avoid impediments to normal growth. In children, the mandibular cortex is thin and less dense than in adults, and the presence of the tooth buds must be considered when performing an open reduction. Trauma to the developing tooth buds and.......

Keywords: Management of pediatric mandibular fracture,conventional awl vs spinal needle in circummandibular wiring, billateral parasymphysis fracture management in children, pediatric trauma management using spinal needle for circummandibular wiring

[1] Marano R, De Oliveira Neto P, Sakugawa Ko, Zanetti Ls, De Moraes M. Mandibular Fractures In Children Under 3 Years: A Rare Case Report. Revista Portuguesa De Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária E Cirurgia Maxilofacial. 2013 Jul 1;54(3):166-70.
[2] Vaithilingam Y, Thomas S, Singh D, Sundraraman P, Cyriac S, Thakur G. Awl Versus Intravenous Cannula Stillete In Circummandibular Wiring—A Prospective Comparative Study. Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011 Mar;15:21-5.
[3].
Sharma A, Patidar Dc, Et Al. Mandibular Fracture In Children: A New Approach For Management And Review Of Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(4):356–359.
[4] Sharma S, Vashistha A, Chugh A, Kumar D, Bihani U, Trehan M, Et Al. Paediatric Mandibular Fractures: A Review. Int J Clin Pediatric Dent. 2009;2:1–5.
[5] Nezam S, Kumar A, Shukla Jn, Khan Sa. Management Of Mandibular Fracture In Pediatric Patient. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2018 Jan-Jun;9(1):106-109. Doi: 10.4103/Njms.Njms_54_17. Pmid: 29937672; Pmcid: Pmc5996639

Abstract: BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common genetic illness that often begins in infancy and mostly affects people of African heritage. Caregivers of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) face difficulties like absenteeism from work, heightened familial strain, and heightened caregiving responsibilities, which may be partially due to the unexpected nature of managing pain crises in SCD. METHODOLOGY....

Keywords: psychosocial, impact, caregiver, family, sickle cell disease.

[1]. Adewoyin A.S., Alagbe A.E., Adedokun B.O., Idubor N.T. Knowledge, Attitude And Control Practices Of Sickle Cell Disease Among Youth Corps Members In Benin City, Nigeria. Ann Ibd. Pg. Med: 2015;13(2); 100-107
[2]. Adegoke S. A, Kuteyi E. A. Psychological Burden Of Sickle Cell Disease On The Family, Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2012;4 (1): 380. Doi: 10.4102/Phcfm.V4i1.380.
[3]. Muoghalu Co. The Burden Of Sickle Cell Disease To Parents Of Sufferers In Nigeria. Soj Genet Sci.2016; 3(1):1-5.
[4]. Leger R.R., Wagnar L.D., Odesina V. Stigma In Adult With Sickle Cell Disease And Family Members: Scale Development And Pilot Study In Usa And Nigeria. International Journal Of Africa Nursing Sciences: 2018; 9: 23-29. Available Online From
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijans.2018.06.003.
[5]. Bamgboye Ae. Lecture Notes On Research Methodology In The Health And Medical

Abstract: Background: BMI (body mass index) were found to be positively related to the increased prevalence rate of elevated blood pressure among younger individuals, aged 18-44 years. The association of BMI with prehypertension and hypertension depends on age and sex. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between obesity and prehypertension in young persons. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, AGMC & GBP Hospital among....

Keywords: Obesity; BMI; young adults; Prehypertension.

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[4]. Ram B Singh, Jan Fedacko, Daniel Pella, Zelmira Macejova, Saraswati Ghosh, K De Amit, Et Al. Prevalence And Risk Factors For Prehypertension And Hypertension In Five Indian Cities. Acta Cardiologica Journal, 2011 Feb; 66(1):29-37. Available From:Doi:10.1080/Ac.66.1.2064964.
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Abstract: Multiple lipomatosis is a benign condition identified in all age groups. Our patient presented with multiple lumps over his entire body. Lipomatous soft tissue tumors are the most common neoplasms encountered by doctors. They range from benign lipoma to high-grade liposarcoma. Unplanned sarcoma resection is common. This is due to the possible diagnosis of lipoma and can be prevented by understanding Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The soft tissue mass is deep to the fascia or more than 5 cm in Subcutaneous tissue. Atypical lipoma tumors are mostly present, this fat mass is....

[1]. Adipocytic Tumours, In Fletcher Cdm, Bridge Ja, Gofendoorn Pcw, Mertens F, Eds: Who Classification Of Tumours Of Soft Tissue And Bone, Ed 4. Herndon, Va, Stylus Publishing, 2013, Pp 19-42.
[2]. Benign Lipomatous Tumors, In Goldblum Jr, Folpe Al, Weiss Ws, Eds: Enzinger & Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors, Ed 6. Philadelphia, Pa, Elsevier, 2014, Pp 443-483
[3]. Murphy Md, Carroll Jf, Flemming Dj, Pope Tl, Gannon Fh, Kransdork Mj: From The Archives Of The Afip: Benign Musculoskeletal Lipomatous Lesions. Radiographics 2004;24: 1433-1466.
[4]. Bjerregaard P, Hagen K, Daugaard S, Kofoed H: Intramuscular Lipoma Of The Lower Limb: Long-Term Follow-Up After Local Resection. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1989;71: 812-815.
[5]. Kubo T, Matsui Y, Naka N, Et Al: Specificty Of Fusion Genes In Adipocytic Tumors. Anticancer Res 2010;30:661-664

Abstract: Background:Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection of HCC is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely utilized modalities for HCC diagnosis, yet limited comparative studies exist to determine the superiority in detecting early-stage HCC. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 patients with early-stage HCC, as confirmed by histopathology, were included in the study. Each patient underwent both CT and MRI imaging within a two-week interval. Images were independently evaluated by.....

Keywords: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, HCC, Computed Tomography, CT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI, Early Detection, Diagnostic Accuracy, Retrospective Study, Teaching Institution

[1]. Arndt V, Tim M, Gonzalo.Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The Lancet. 2022;400(10360):1345–1362.
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Imaging.2012;12(3):530-547.
[3]. Peterson M, Baron R, Murakami T. Hepatic Malignancies: Usefulness Of Acquisition Of Multiple Arterial And Portal Venous Phase Images At Dynamic Gadolinium-Enhanced Mr Imaging. Radiology. 1996;201:337–45.
[4]. Oi H, Murakami T, Kim T, Et Al. Dynamic Mr Imaging And Early Phase Helical Ct For Detecting Small Intrahepatic Metastases Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ajr. 1996;166:369–74.
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Abstract: Background: Charcot's Neuropathy (CN) and Osteomyelitis (OM) are debilitating and potentially limb threatening complications of diabetic foot and is difficult to differentiate one from the other both clinically and radiologically. But tackling this diagnostic dilemma is of utmost clinical importance as the management differs accordingly. This study aims to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of "The Ghost Sign" as a tool for differentiating OM from CN in diabetic foot Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).....

Keywords: Diabetic Charcot Neuroarthropathy, Diabetic foot Osteomyelitis, Osteomyelitis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI Ghost Sign

[1]. Elafros Ma, Andersen H, Bennett Dl, Savelieff Mg, Viswanathan V, Callaghan Bc Et Al Towards Prevention Of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, And New Treatments. The Lancet Neurology. 2022 Oct 1;21(10):922-36.
[2]. Rosskopf Ab, Loupatatzis C, Pfirrmann Cw, Böni T, Berli Mc. The Charcot Foot: A Pictorial Review. Insights Into Imaging. 2019 Dec;10(1):1-3.
[3]. Lázaro Martínez Jl, García Álvarez Y, Tardáguila-García A, García Morales E. Optimal Management Of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: Challenges And Solutions. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome And Obesity: Targets And Therapy. 2019 Jun 21:947-59.
[4]. Martín Noguerol T, Luna Alcalá A, Beltrán Ls, Gómez Cabrera M, Broncano Cabrero J, Vilanova Jc. Advanced Mr Imaging Techniques For Differentiation Of Neuropathic Arthropathy And Osteomyelitis In The Diabetic Foot. Radiographics. 2017 Jul;37(4):1161-80.
[5]. Enderle Md, Coerper S, Schweizer Hp, Kopp Ae, Thelen Mh, Meisner C, Et Al. Correlation Of Imaging Techniques To Histopathology In Patients With Diabetic Foot Syndrome And Clinical Suspicion Of Chronic Osteomyelitis. The Role Of High-Resolution Ultrasound. Diabetes Care. 1999 Feb 1;22(2):294-9.

Abstract: AIM: To compare and evaluate the effect of different irrigation techniques i.e., conventional irrigation done using side-vented needle, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and laser assisted irrigation (LAI) on sealer penetration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 single rooted mandibular premolars will be taken. Access cavity will be prepared and root canals will be cleaned and instrumented till working length 1 mm short of the apex. The samples will be randomly assigned into three experimental groups based on the final irrigation technique used. Group I: Irrigation using side vented needle; Group II: PUI; Group III: LAI. All the samples will be obturated using AH plus....

Keywords: Root Canal Irrigation, Passive ultrasonic irrigation, Laser activated irrigation, Confocal laser scanning microscope.

[1]. Ahuja P., Nandini S, Ballal S, Velmurugan N. Effectiveness Of Four Different Final Irrigation Activation Techniques On Smear Layer Removal In Curved Root Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Dent (Tehran) 2014,11:1-9
[2]. Virdee Ss, Seymour Dw, Farnell D, Bhamra G, Bhakta S. Efficacy Of Irrigant Activation Techniques In Removing Intracanal Smear Layer And Debris From Mature Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Int Endod J 2018;51:605-621.
[3]. Violich Dr, Chandler Np. The Smear Layer In Endodontics - A Review. Int Endod J 2010,43-2-15.
[4]. Çapar Id, Aydinbelge Ha. Effectiveness Of Various Irrigation Activa- Tion Protocols And The Self-Adjusting File System On Smear Layer And Debris Removal. Scanning 2014,36:640-647.
[5]. Ramamoorthi S, Nivedhitha Ms, Divyanand Mj. Comparative Evalu- Ation Of Postoperative Pain After Using Endodontic Needle And Endo- Activator During Root Canal Irrigation: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Aust Endod J 2015:41:78-87

Abstract: Background : Mass in neck is a common entity encountered in clinical practice. Diagnosis of neck masses is challenging owing to the intricate anatomy of neck and with a myriad of presenting symptoms. The purpose of head and neck radiological imaging is to assess the exact extent of disease including evaluation of size, location, extent of tumour, infiltration into surrounding vascular and visceral structures and nodal staging and to precisely define their location by a standard classification system that can be understood and consistently applied by radiologist, surgeon, radiation oncologist and pathologist. With the advent of cross-sectional imaging, the anatomy of....

Keywords: Neck mass, CECT, Neck spaces

[1]. Rashmeet Kaur,Paramdeep Singh,Navkiran Kaur,Simmi Bhatnagar,Anshul Dahuja.Role Of Computed Tomography In Localisation And Characterization Of Suprahyoid Neck Masses.Polish Journal Of Radiology.2017 May;82:263-270.
[2]. Ishwar Charan,Akhil Kapoor,Narender Kumar,Namrata Jagawat,Mukesh Kumar Singhal,Harvindra Singh Kumar.Evaluation Of Neck Mass With Computed Tomography:An Observational Study. International Journal Of Scientific Study.2014;2(7):118-122.
[3]. Saumil Desai,Darshan Thummar.Ct Evaluation Of Neck Masses-A Retrospective Study Of 100 Cases.International Journal Of Scientific Research.2019 July;8(7):42-45
[4]. Fatih Düzgün, Serdar Tarhan, Gülgün Yılmaz Ovalı, Görkem Eskiizmir, Yüksel Pabuşçu. Is Computed Tomography Perfusion A Useful Method For Distinguishing Between Benign And Malignant Neck Masses? Ent-Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2017 June;96(6): E1-5.
[5]. Sachin Bagale,Vasudha Agarwal,Vaibhav Dethe.Multidetector Computed Tomography Evauation Of Neck Masses In Adults.International Journal Of Contemporary Medicine Surgery And Radiology.2017;2(4):127- 132.

Abstract: Stress is a physiologic response that involves the nervous, endocrine and immune system. Age-related biochemical changes in response to stress is not clearly understood. This study investigated the changes caused by stress signals on some biochemical markers of physical activity and higher intellectual functions in different ages. The samples were male subjects sampled randomly. Statistical significance was tested at 95% confidence interval. Biochemical markers were tested in blood samples, 1 hour before onset and after sleep period. There was a significant increase in stress hormones like cortisol, growth hormone and thyroxine in all age groups from 20-24 years, with a significant increase observed in age group 22-24 compared.......

Keywords: Age; Stress; Sleep; Nervous; Hormones.

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