iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2024

Abstract: Saliva plays a vital role in the integrity of oral health. Saliva has great potential as a diagnostic fluid and offers advantage over serum and other biological fluids by an economic and noninvasive collection method for monitoring of systemic health and disease progression. The term "Salivaomics" reflects the rapid development of knowledge about saliva's various constituents like Proteome, transcriptome, miRNA, metabolome and microbiome etc. These components in saliva can act as biomarkers for diagnosis of various systemic....

Key words: Saliva, Biomarker, Salivary Thiocynate, Oral diseases

[1]. Malathi N,Mythili S, And Vasanthi Hr. Salivary Diagnostics: A Brief Review Hindawi Publishing Corporation Isrn Dentistry Volume 2014, , 1-8 Pages.
[2]. Narang D, Kaur M, Shishodiya S, Khan F. Saliva As A Medium: A New Tool In Diagnosis. Int J Res Health Allied Sci 2018; 4(3):56-58.
[3]. Ranganath Lm, Shet Rgk, Rajesh Ag. Saliva: A Powerful Diagnostic Tool For Minimal Intervention Dentistry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):240-245.
[4]. Mittal S, Bansal V, Garg S, Atreja G, Bansal S. The Diagnostic Role Of Saliva — A Review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2011;3(4):E314-20.
[5]. Saraswathi K. Gopal Et Al. Salivary Biomarkers – A Modern Approach To Diagnosis. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 13(11), 2021, 677-680.

Abstract: Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health issue that can start early in life, progresses quickly in those at high risk, and often goes untreated. Its consequences can have an immediate and long-term impact on the child and family's quality of life, as well as significant social and economic consequences beyond the immediate family. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and knowledge of dental students in measures to prevent early childhood caries (ECC). Materials and Methods: A questionnaire describing interventions to prevent and manage ECC was distributed amongst 280 dental students....

Keywords: Early childhood caries; prevention; cross sectional study; teaching; dental students.

[1]. Correa-Faria P, Viana Ka, Raggio Dp, Et Al. Recommended Procedures For The Management Of Early Childhood Caries Lesions - A Scoping Review By The Children Experiencing Dental Anxiety: Collaboration On Research And Education (Cedacore). Bmc Oral Health 2020;20:75.
[2]. Da Silva Castro Cr, De Sousa Cabral Mbb, Mota Ela, Et Al. Analysis Of The Influence Of Low Birth Weight On The Time Of Eruption Of Dental Caries In Children In Early Childhood. J Public Health Dent 2019;79:292-297.
[3]. Devenish G, Mukhtar A, Begley A, Et Al. Early Childhood Feeding Practices And Dental Caries Among Australian Preschoolers. Am J Clin Nutr 2020;111:821-828.
[4]. Echeverria Ms, Schuch Hs, Cenci Ms, Et Al. Trajectories Of Sugar Consumption And Dental Caries In Early Childhood. J Dent Res 2022;101:724-730.
[5]. Kanareli C, Balazuc-Armbruster M, Tsolakis Ia, Et Al. Full Mouth Treatment Of Early Childhood Caries With Zirconia Dental Crowns: A Case Report. Children (Basel) 2023;10.

Abstract: Introduction: Syphilis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. Clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis are various such as papulosquamous lesions with polymorphic colors and varying sizes. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure through men who have sex with men (MSM) contact is a risk factor for syphilis transmission due to high-risk sexual behavior. Case: A 36-year-old.....

Keywords: HIV, MSM, secondary syphilis.

[1]. Peeling Rw, Mabey D, Kamb Ml, Chen X, David J, Benzaken As, Et Al. Hhs Public Access. Syphilis. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2018;3(17073):1–48.
[2]. Kojima N, Klausner Jd. An Update On The Global Epidemiology Of Syphilis. Curr Epidemiol Reports. 2018;5(1):24–38.
[3]. Ghanem Kg, Ram S, Rice Pa. The Modern Epidemic Of Syphilis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(9):845–54.
[4]. Mawardi P, Soenardi A, Karyosentono H, Prabandari An, Elitasari Ey. Profile And Risk Factors Of Sexual Transmitted Infection Among Homosexual And Transgender In Surakarta, Central Java. 2019;114–114.
[5]. Hook Ew. Syphilis. Lancet. 2017;389(10078):1550–7.
[6]. Çakmak Sk, Tamer E, Karadağ As, Waugh M. Syphilis: A Great Imitator. Clin Dermatol. 2019;37(3):182–91.

Abstract: Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine abnormality among reproductive-age women. Having a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to assess the adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted at the Department of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Islami Bank Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from January 2023 to October 2023. Among the total 108 participants, 54 pregnant women with PCOS were included in the case group, while the control group comprised 54 pregnant women without PCOS, selected randomly as study subjects. Pregnancy outcomes for both groups were assessed, and MS Office tools were utilized for data analysis........

Keywords: Pregnancy outcome, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Gestational DM, Preterm birth

[1]. Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, Legro RS, Balen AH, Lobo R, et al. Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Fertil Steril (2012) 97:28–38 e25. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024.
[2]. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO: The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89:2745-9. 10.1210/jc.2003-032046.
[3]. Stein IF, Leventhal ML: Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1935, 29:181-91. 10.1016/S0002-9378(15)306426.
[4]. Rotterdam EA-SPCWG. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril (2004) 81:19–25. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004.
[5]. Lanzone A, Fulghesu AM, Cucinelli F, Guido M, Pavone V, Caruso A, et al. Preconception and gestational evaluation of insulin secretion in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod (1996) 11:2382–6. doi: 10.1093/ oxford journals. humrep. a019119.

Abstract: Warthin's tumor (TW) is the second most common etiology of parotid tumors after pleomorphic adenoma. Currently, this tumor is no longer a reassuring diagnosis for the maxillofacial surgeon considering the risk of cancerization. An 87-year-old patient with hypertension and chronic smoking history presented with chronic bilateral swelling of the parotid region progressively evolving for more than six years. Magnetic resonance imaging noted the benign nature of the tumor. A right exofacial parotidectomy was performed and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Warthin tumour. Post operative follow up was uneventful and no recurrence was observed after six months. Warthin's tumor typically.......

Keywords: parotid swelling – magnetic resonance imaging – Warthin tumor – exofacial parotidectomy – cancerization

[1]. Gao M, Hao Y, Huang MX, Et Al. Salivary Gland Tumours In A Northern Chinese Population: A 50-Year Retrospective Study Of 7190 Cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017 ;46 :343–9
[2]. Paris J, Facon F, Chrestian MA, Giovanni A, Zanaret M. Diagnostic Et Traitement Des Tumeurs De Warthin : Présentation Clinique, Ponction Cytologique Et IRM. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 2004 ;125 :65–9.
[3]. HM. Chedid, A. Rapoport, Kf. Aikawa, Ad. Menezes, And Al. Warthin's Tumor Of The Parotid Gland: Study Of 70 Cases. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2011 ;38(2) :90-4
[4]. A.Teymoortash, Y.Krasnewicz, JA.Werner. Clinical Features Of Cystadenolymphoma (Warthin's Tumor) Of The Parotid Gland : A Retrospective Comparative Study Of 96 Cases. Oral Oncol.2006 ;42 :569-73.
[5]. Yu Gy, Liu XB, Li ZL, Peng X. Smoking And The Development Of Warthin's Tumour Of The Parotid Gland. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998 ; 36 :183-5

Abstract: Introduction: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, presenting unique challenges in treatment and management. This study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics, treatment adherence, and incidence of oral mucositis in pediatric ALL patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This prospective observational study included 74 pediatric patients diagnosed with ALL at a specialized center. Data on demographic characteristics, chemotherapy phase completion, and episodes of oral mucositis were collected. The chemotherapy regimen followed the UKALL 2003 protocol, and the World Health Organization mucositis scoring system was used for assessment.......

Keywords: Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Chemotherapy, Oral Mucositis, Treatment Adherence, Pediatric Oncology

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Abstract: Background:Esophageal varices is an important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It is a life-threatening condition in children. Among different modalities of treatment, endoscopic band ligation is the most common treatment for esophageal varices. Objectives:To find out the etiology of portal hypertension and to see the outcome of endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices in children with portal hypertension........

Keywords: Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices, Band ligation.

[1]. Al-Busafi SA, McNabb-Baltar J, Farag A, Hilzenrat N. Clinical manifestations of portal hypertension. International journal of hepatology. 2012 Jan 1;2012. [2]. Ling SC. Portal hypertension in children. Clinical liver disease. 2012 Nov;1(5):139. [3]. D'Amico G, Morabito A. Noninvasive markers of esophageal varices: another round, not the last. Hepatology. 2004 Jan 1;39(1):30-4. [4]. Jani PG. Endoscopic variceal band ligation: a local experience. East African medical journal. 2004;81(4):212-4. [5]. Venon WD, Elia C, Stradella D, Bruno M, Fadda M, DeAngelis C, Rizzetto M, Saracco G, Marzano A. Prospective randomized trial: endoscopic follow up 3 vs 6 months after esophageal variceal eradication by band ligation in cirrhosis. European journal of internal medicine. 2014 Sep 1;25(7):674-9.

Abstract: Background: Diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a challenge. Symptoms of tuberculosis are nonspecific in children. Young (specially under 5) children are unable to expectorate sputum samples; the procedures for obtaining respiratory samples are invasive. So, stool samples were used as an alternative to respiratory samples for the diagnosis of pediatric PTB using stool Xpert MTB/ RIF Ultra assay. The World Health Organization also recommends the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children. A very few studies were conducted to determine the diagnostic performance of Xpert Ultra on stool specimen. Thus, we assessed the diagnostic performance of Xpert Ultra on stool to diagnose PTB in under 5 children........

Keywords: Paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), Tuberculosis, Xpert Ultra, Stool specimen

[1]. Rahman, A., Sahrin, M., Afrin, S., Earley, K., Ahmed, S., Rahman, S.M. and Banu, S., 2016. Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and GenoType MTBDR plus DNA probes for detection of mutations associated with rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PloS one, 11(4), p.e0152694. [2]. World Health Organization, 2013. Global tuberculosis report 2013. World Health Organization. [3]. Hossain, A., Saimum, S.H. and Banu, S., 2022. Towards ending tuberculosis in Bangladesh. Journal of Bangladesh Medical Association of North America (BMANA) BMANA Journal, pp.75-80. [4]. World Health Organization, 2021. World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report 2021. URL: https://www. who. int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tbreports/global-tuberculosis-report-2021.
[5]. Newton, S., Brent, A., Anderson, S., Whittaker, E., Kampmann, B., 2008. "Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis using stool specimen

Abstract: Background: There is increasing evidence suggesting that PCOS is linked to the increased prevalence of thyroid diseases, especially subclinical hypothyroidism. This study aims to compare the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in untreated PCOS patients with age-matched, diagnosed PCOS patients on metformin therapy for >6 months. The aim is to establish the effect of metformin on thyroid hormone status in patients with PCOS on metformin therapy......

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Subclinical Hypothyroidism,Metformin

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Abstract: Background: A large percentage of people worldwide still live barefoot, making foot infections more likely. Local infections are frequently caused by slight skin damage. Aim of the study: The purpose of the current study was to investigate different types of foot infections and compare the results in patients with and without diabetes in terms of etiopathogenesis, clinical characteristics, therapy, length of hospital stay, and outcome. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional.......

Keywords: Foot infections, Diabetes, Neuropathy, Peripheral vascular disease

[1]. Singh N, Armstrong D, Lipsky B. Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. J Am Med Assoc. 2005;293(2):217-28.
[2]. Amanda A, Claudette A, Tony D, Andrew F, Niru G, Martin HB, et al. Type 2 diabetes: newer agents for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. 2009 May. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/CG87 ShortGuideline. Accessed September 2010.
[3]. Armstrong DG, Lipsky BA. Advances in the treatment of diabetic foot infections. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2004;6(S1):167-77.
[4]. Simonsen SME, Hatch BE, Jones SS, Gren IH, Hegmann KT, Lyon JL, et al. Cellulitis incidence in a defined population. Epidemiol. infect. 2006;134: 293-9.
[5]. Viswanathan V. Profile of diabetic foot complications and its associated complications- a multicentric study from India. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005;53:933-6.

Abstract: Background: In the first week of life Jaundice is a common morbidity encountered in newborns. It is the most common clinical feature in neonates. Phototherapy is the main stay of treatment for jaundice in new born. The present study is aimed to evaluate phototherapy induced hypocalcaemia in term neonates having hyperbilirubinemia.This study aims to study the effect of phototherapy in causing hypocalcaemia in term neonates having hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Methods: Total 100 term neonates having hyperbilirubinemia were taken, to study phototherapy induced hypocalcaemia and its clinical significance. A Chi-square test was applied to study phototherapy induced hypocalcaemia in term neonates having hyperbilirubinemia. P-value less than 0.05 has been considered significant........

Keywords: Neonatal Jaundice; Hyperbilirubinemia; Serum calcium; Phototherapy; Hypocalcemia

[1]. Rennie J, Burman-Roy S, Murphy MS. Guideline Development Group. Neonatal jaundice: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2010 May 19;340:c2409. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c2409.
[2]. Mishra S, Agarwal R, Deorari AK, Paul VK. Jaundice in the neonates. Indian J Pediatr. 2008 Feb;75(2):157-63. doi: 10.1007/s12098-008-0024-7.
[3]. Ives NK. Management of neonatal jaundice. Paediatrics and Child Health. 2011 Jun 1;21(6):270-6
[4]. Srinivasa S, Renukananda S, Srividya GS. Effect of phototherapy on hypocalcaemia. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2015 Mar 23;4(24):4165-9.
[5]. Habibzadeh F, Karamizadeh Z. Phototherapy-induced hypocalcaemia. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015 Nov 30;27(4):151..

Abstract: In the field of Orthodontics, the major disadvantages are the "DURATION" which is due to "FRICTION". Though many newer methods have been introduced in recent past to overcome this problem, in form of corticotomy, piezocision etc, still the result of conventional orthodontic procedures are sometimes the best for patients. Hence, we need to improve and update the conventional orthodontics as much as possible. This study focuses on coating the commercially available archwires with nano particles, which will reduce friction to a great extent. The aim of this study.......

Keywords: nano particles, accelerated orthodontics, coated archwires. Pure zirconia

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[6]. Mitra SB, Wu D, Holmes BN. An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134:1382‐90.eh F, Karamizadeh Z. Phototherapy-induced hypocalcaemia. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015 Nov 30;27(4):151..