iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2024

Abstract: Background: Episiotomy is the commonest surgical procedure performed on parturient. It is usually associated with perineal pain which is particularly severe in the first 24 hours post repair. Perineal pain after episiorrhaphy if not adequately managed may preven good immediate post-partum care for the newborn including breastfeeding. This study compared the efficacy of single dose rectal diclofenac with oral diclofenac for the relief of perineal pain within 24 hours after episiotomy repair. Methods: A randomized controlled trial that involved........

Key words : Episiotomy, episiorraphy, diclofenac, pain relief, visual analogue scale

[1]. Nalbanski A, Nikolov A. Routine Episiotomy. A Five-Year Practice At University Hospital, Sofia. Akush Ginekol 2009; 48 (5):11-14
[2]. Shivamurth Hm, Hirani Madhav G, Navroze J, Ashwini K. Divya C. Is Rectal Diclofenac Sodium Analgesia Better Than Oral Tramadol Analgesia For The Perineal Pain Relief Following Vaginal Delivery? Inter J Recent Trends Sci Tech. 2016; 18 (1):52-54
[3]. Figo. Safe Motherhood And Newborn Health (Smnh) Committee. Management Of The Second Stage Of Labour. Inter Fed Gynaecol Obstet, 2012; 119:110-6
[4]. Jian H, Qian X, Carroli G, Garner P. Selective Versus Routine Use Of Episiotomy For Vaginal Birth. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2017; 2 (2): Cd 000081. Published 2017. Available From Doi : 10.1002/14651858.Cd 00081.Pub3 Accessed On 20/06/20
[5]. Thorp J, Bowes W. Episiotomy; Can It's Routine Use Be Defended? Am J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989; 160 (5):1027 -30.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the role played by the cranial base flexure in influencing the sagittal and vertical position of the jaws in and around the Kundrathur population. Materials and Methods: Digital Lateral cephalograms of 108 ethnic subjects were taken and divided into three categories (Group A: NSAr > 125˚, Group B: NSAr-120˚-125˚, Group C: NSAr < 120˚) according to the value of NSAr. Measurement of eight angulars (SNA, SNB, NPg-FH, ANB, NAPg, SN-GoGn, Y-Axis, ArGo-SN) were taken and compared with the ethnic population. Results: t-test was used to analyze the difference in the means of all the variables between the three groups. Significance was determined only when the confidence level was P < 0.05. Several parameters (SNA, SNB, NAPg, ANB, Y-Axis, GoGn.....

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Abstract: The annual incidence of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) has been estimated as 4 to 12 cases per million. It is defined as a multi-organ system disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation, tissue necrosis and vasculitis with presenting age group between 40 to 50 and the sexes equally. We are hereby presenting a case scenario of an elderly female with atypical presentation of GPA.....

[1]. Diffuse Pulmonary Hemorrhage And Rapidly Progressive Renal Failure. An Uncommon Presentation Of Wegener's Granulomatosis MJ Hensley, NT Feldman, JM Lazarus, EG Galvanek
[2]. Wegener's Granulomatosis In The Elderly HY Wong ,HY Lee, WS Pang, PK Lieu- Singapore Med Journal

Abstract: German neuropsychiatrist Alois Alzheimer is less well known than the disease that bears his name, which he first described over a century ago. Indeed, it was in 1906, after the death of one of his patients with memory problems, that he studied her brain and discovered characteristic lesions. Even today, the definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is based on the histological study of post-mortem brain sections and the identification of these lesions. Yet medicine has made many advances in our understanding of the disease. In particular, knowledge of the basic anatomopathological lesions of the disease has enabled the identification of pathophysiological.........

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, biomarkers, cerebrospinal

[1]. Marc-Antoine Crocq, Alexis Etienne Boehrer, Julien-Daniel. American Psychiatric Association. Dsm-5-Tr Manuel Diagnostique Et Statistique Des Troubles Mentaux, Texte Révisé.5 Edition. Date De Publication : 11/2023 | Nombre De Pages : 1360 | Isbn : 9782294781353 | Eisbn : 9782294782398 .
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[4]. Derouesné Christian : La Maladie D'alzheimer : Regards Sur Le Présent A La Demande Du Passé. Une Approche Historique. Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement, Volume 6, Numéro 2,115-28, Juin 2008, Synthèse.9.
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Abstract: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is the fifth leading cause of death. AD can hinder the ability of an individual to perform everyday tasks, along with several aspects of daily life. Despite decades of research ,only a few causal risk factors have been identified, and those that have been identified are mostly non-modifiable. Levels of thyroid hormones are thought to impact the risk of developing dementia. Thyroid hormones are known for their involvement..........

Keywords: dementia, Alzheimer's disease, thyroid function

[1]. Evin, G., Li, Q.-X. (2012). Platelets And Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Of App As A Biomarker. World Journal Of Psychiatry, 2(6) : 102–13.
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Abstract: Obesity and oxidative stress have garnered attention in the majority of biomedical fields and clinical research in recent years. Type II diabetes can be brought on by an excessive amount of body fat accumulation, and the risk of Type II diabetes rises linearly with body mass index and oxidative stress. Present study focusses on the levels of random blood sugar (RBS), malondialdehyde (MDA), HbA1c, hypertension in individuals with obesity. Out of 100 obese patient reports studied 90% have shown diabetes and 87.5% are with hypertension. Patients showed statistically significant increase in the levels of MDA, RBS and HbA1c when compared to normal ranges. Results show that obesity and oxidative stress are the major determinants for the poor metabolic control in patients with Type II diabetes

Key words: Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Type II diabetes, MDA

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[4]. Giacco F, Brownlee M. Oxidative Stress And Diabetic Complications. Circulation Research. 2010; 107: 1058- 70.
[5]. Wellen Ke, Hotamisligil Gs. Inflammation, Stress, And Diabetes. The Journal Of Clinical Investigation. 2005; 115(5): 1111-9.

Abstract: RÉSUMÉ L'anneau de Schatzki est décrit comme une membrane circulaire de la muqueuse et de la sous-muqueuse observée à la jonction pavimento-cylindrique de l'oesophage distal (1,2). La plupart des anneaux de Schatzkisont asymptomatiques, mais le principal symptôme qui se manifeste est la dysphagie et peut entraîner une dysphagie aiguë à la suite d'une impaction alimentaire. Nous rapportons ici le cas d'une patiente âgée de 58 ans qui rapporte une dysphagie intermittente d'allure fonctionnelle associée à un pyrosis avec conservation de l'état général. La fibroscopie oesogastrique a objectivé une hernie hiatale de 4cm par glissement avec découverte fortuite d'un anneau deschatzki. La patiente a bénéficié d'une dilatation par bougie de savary de 13, 14, 15 mm avec une amélioration clinique à court et moyen terme.

[1]. Ashraf Hh, Palmer J, Dalton Hr, Waters C, Luff T, Strugnell M, Murray Ia. Can PATIENTS DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF THEIR DYSPHAGIA? World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb 14;23(6):1038-1043
[2]. Hossain Sm, DE Caestecker J. Acute OESOPHAGEAL SYMPTOMS. Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Oct;15(5):477-81
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[4]. Schatzki R, Gary Je. The LOWER ESOPHAGEAL RING. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1956;75:246–261
[5]. Schatzki R. The LOWER ESOPHAGEAL RING. LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF SYMPTOMATIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC RINGS. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1963;90:805–810.

Abstract: Background: Dengue fever is a serious health risk, particularly in developed nations where it frequently results in undifferentiated febrile illnesses like expanded dengue syndrome, dengue shock syndrome, and dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can be fatal and are frequently associated with thrombocytopenia (TCP). Methods: This open-label, randomized, controlled phase-II trial included 100 patients with dengue fever (DF) and with a platelet (PLT) count of less than 100×109/L and no comorbidities, pregnancy, or liver abnormalities. This study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Bangladesh, between 1 July 2022 and 1 January 2023. Two groups, one for the case group (Eltrombopag, 50 patients) and the other for the control group (Non-Eltrombopag, 50 patients), were randomly allocated to the patients. For three.........

Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, Dengue fever, Eltrombopag, Dengue haemorrhagic fever

[1]. Monath, T. P. (2007, November 29). Dengue And Yellow Fever — Challenges For The Development And Use Of Vaccines. New England Journal Of Medicine, 357(22), 2222–2225. Https://Doi.Org/10.1056/Nejmp0707161
[2]. Wilder-Smith, A., Ooi, E. E., Horstick, O., & Wills, B. (2019, January). Dengue. The Lancet, 393(10169), 350–363.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32560-1
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[4]. Twenty Bone-Mineral-Density Loci Identified By Large-Scale Meta-Analysis Of Genome-Wide Association Studies. (2009, October 4). Nature Genetics, 41(11), 1199–1206. Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/Ng.446
[5]. Wallner, P. E. (2004, March). NHLBI And The NIH Roadmap. Journal Of The American College Of Radiology, 1(3), 218. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jacr.2003.12.016

Abstract: Background: This prospective longitudinal study investigates the enduring impact of genioplasty on sleep quality, respiratory function, and overall quality of life in individuals afflicted with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). By modifying the chin bone's position and structure, genioplasty offers a potential solution to alleviate OSA symptoms and enhance upper airway dynamics. Upper airway obstruction has been successfully treated with surgical procedures such chin advancement combined with maxillomandibular advancement2-5. A less invasive surgical procedure called genioglossal muscle advancement may be recommended for people with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea........

Keywords: genioplasty; obstructive sleep apnea; snoring; maxillomandibular; hypopnea

[1]. Sutherland K, Lee Rw, Cistulli Pa. Obesity And Craniofacial Structure As Risk Factors For Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Impact Of Ethnicity. Respirology 2012;17:213–22.
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[3]. Ephros Hd, Madani M, Yalamanchilli Sc. Surgical Treatment Of Snoring And Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Indian J Med Res 2010;131: 267–76.
[4]. Li Kk. Maxillomandibular Advancement For Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;69:687–94.
[5]. Riley Rw, Powell Nb, Guilleminault C. Inferior Sagittal Osteotomy Of The Mandible With Hyoid Myotomy-Suspension: A New Procedure For Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Otolarygol Head Neck Surg 1986;94:589- 93.

Abstract: Corneal foreign bodies are common ocular emergencies reported in ophthalmology emergency. Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is an advanced femtosecond laser refractive technique used to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism through extraction of an intrastromal corneal lenticule without a corneal flap. As the Small incision lenticule extraction lenticule is removed as a single slice, it can be re-implanted for the treatment of corneal perforations. This case report is about a 24-year-old who reported with an injury to his right eye by metal (iron) piece while cutting the iron sheet. On slit lamp examination, it revealed a deep intrastromal foreign body at 1 'o clock position paracentrally away from pupillary area with surrounding stromal edema in the right eye. An Anterior........

Keywords: Corneal tear repair, corneal foreign body, conjunctival autograft, fibrin glue, Small incision lenticule extraction

[1]. Swain T, Mcgwin G. The Prevalence Of Eye Injury In The United States, Estimates From A Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2020 Jun;27(3):186-193
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[4]. Parmar P, Salman A, Jesudasan Ca. Visual Outcome And Corneal Topography After Eccentric "Shaped" Corneal Grafts. Cornea2009;28:379-384.
[5]. Bloomfield S, Barnert Ah, Kanter P. The Use Of Eastman-910 Monomer As An Adhesive In Ocular Surgery. Ii. Effectiveness In Closure Of Limbal Wounds In Rabbits. Am J Ophthalmol1963;55:946-953.

Abstract: Background: Periodontal intervention in cardiovascular patient have been well researched. The impact of periodontitis is biologically plausible through the circulating periopathogens which directly or indirectly induce systemic inflammation. The poor oral hygiene during the hospitalisation and the oral hygiene neglect further adds to the bacterial load on periodontal structures as well. Hence, we made an attempt to identify the periodontal changes in hospitalised cardiovascular patients and determine the required periodontal treatment modalities for periodontal care.........

Keywords: Hospitalised cardiovascular risk patients, Periodontitis, Two-way relationship

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