iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2017

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the oral health – related knowledge and practice among students of public secondary education schools in Durrës, Albania and to see if these practices were correlated with gender, parents' education years and parents' profession (dentist, health related or not health related profession). A questionnaire study was conducted among 360 students in public schools of secondary education in Durrës. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information about demographic characteristics of the respondents and their oral health - related knowledge and practices...........

Keywords: oral health, oral hygiene practice, secondary education school, Durrës, Albania.

[1]. "WHO | Oral health," WHO. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs318/en/. [Accessed: 06-Mar-2017].
[2]. "Teeth And Gum Care," WebMD. [Online]. Available: http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/teeth-and-gum-care. [Accessed: 06-Mar-2017].
[3]. G. Laganà et al., "Caries prevalence in a 7- to 15-year-old Albanian schoolchildren population," Ann. Stomatol. (Roma), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 38–43, Aug. 2012.
[4]. D. Hysi, E. Droboniku, and C. Toti, "Caries experience and treatment needs among Albanian 12-year-olds," Community Dent. Health, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 141–144, Sep. 2014.
[5]. INSTAT Albania, "Population and Housing Census 2011." Adel Print, 2012..

Abstract: To study the incidence of CSME in diabetic retinopathy & association of CSME with risk factors like duration of diabetes, glycemic control, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, anemia and nephropathy, an observational cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months in 96 patients of diabetic retinopathy. After recording blood pressure, blood investigations were done and the significance of risk factors was compared in both the groups [with CSME and without CSME]. Mean Duration of Diabetes among the CSME group (10.61± 4.259 years) was significantly higher than the non-CSME group (7.60 ±3.65 years). Serum cholesterol in the CSME group [241.76±13.021mg%] was significantly higher compared to the non-CSME group [187.52±10.465mg%]...........

Keywords: Clinically significant macular oedema [CSME], Diabetic retinopathy.

[1]. Wild S.Roglic G, Green A et al, Global prevalence of diabetes, estimates for the year 200 and projections for 2030.Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047-53.
[2]. Das T ,Jalai S,VedantamV, Majji AB. Retinal vascular disorders. In :Saxena S [Ed]:Clinical Practice in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, JP Brothers 2003:pp 350.
[3]. Bresnick GH. Diabetic macular edema: a review. ophthalmology 1986;-93:989-97.
[4]. 4.Risk factors for CSME in a multi ethnics population with Type 2 diabetes Ong Ming Jew, Mohammadreza Peyman et al, I J of Ophthalmology,08/2012;5[4];499-504.
[5]. 5.Association of systemic risk factors with the severity of retinal hard exudates in a north Indian population with type 2 diabetes. N Sachdev, A Sahni et al, J 1Postgrad Med 2010;56:3-6.

Abstract: Maternal near miss is a newly arising concept with increasing popularity among maternal health care system. The purpose of this study is to find out the incidence and prognosis of near miss patients. This is a prospective observational study, conducted for 3 months period in a tertiary care centre. Near miss cases were identified according to operational guidelines published by Ministry of health and family welfare, Government of India in December 2014. This study will also compare the cause for maternal death occurred during the study period. Analysis of the data revealed that the incidence of near miss is 20 fold higher than the maternal death. Hypertensive disorder is the leading cause for near miss. Medical complications like heart disease carries higher mortality index than obstetric complications........

Keywords: Maternal near miss, maternal death, severe maternal outcome, mortality index, perinatal mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate.

[1] The WHO near-miss approach for maternal health; Evaluating the quality of care for severe pregnancy complications World Health
Organization 2011 ()
[2] Maternal near miss review operational guidelines December 2014,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
Maternal Health Division by Shri C. K. Mishra, AS & MD (NHM), mohfw, Dr Rakesh Kumar, JS (RMNCH+A), mohfw, Dr
Himanshu Bhushan, DC (I/c MH), MOHFW
[3] "Near-miss" obstetric events and maternal deaths in Sagamu, Nigeria: a retrospective study Olufemi T Oladapo, Adewale O
Sule-Odu, Published: 01 November 2005; Reproductive Health 20052:9
[4] "Near Miss" Obstetric Events and Maternal Deaths in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Audit Roopa PS, Shailja Verma, Kasturba
Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
[5] Levels of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) by Regions, 1997-2012

Abstract: Background: Endodontic instruments, while performing, is expected to remain centered in root canal to prevent apical transportation. Hence assessment of centering ability of newer rotary NiTi file systems becomes essential for effective cleaning & shaping. Aims and objectives: Comparative CBCT evaluation of apical transportation and centering ability of Protaper Next, Hyflex CM and Twisted file. Material and Method: Total of 24 extracted maxillary first molars were collected, randomly and equally divided into three following groups- Gr A, Gr B, Gr C (n=8). Every tooth was embedded into the wax block maintaining the groups and pre instrumentation CBCT was done. After that the MB canals were instrumented by Protaper-Next in Gr A, Hyflex CM in Gr B and Twisted file In Gr C respectively and irrigated by 2.5%NaOCl and 17%EDTA during and after preparation.......

Keywords: Comparative, Centering ability, Evaluation, In-Vitro, Transportation

[1] Kiumars Nazari Moghadam, Shahriar Shahab, Golriz Rostami,c anal Transportation and Centering Ability of Twisted File and
Reciproc: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment: Iranian Endodontic Journal 2014;9(3):174-179
[2] Walton RE. Histologic evaluation of different methods of enlarging the pulpcanal space. J Endod 1976;2(10):304-11.
[3] Musani I, Goyal V, Singh A, Bhat C. Evaluation and Comparison of Biological Cleaning Efficacy of Two Endofiles and Irrigants as
Judged by Microbial Quantification in Primary Teeth – An In Vivo Study. Int J Pediatr Dent 2009;2(3):15-22.
[4] Anil Dhingra, Ruchi Gupta, Amteshwar Singh; Comparison of Centric Ability of Protaper Next, Wave One &Protaper using Cone
Beam Computed Tomography, ENDODONTOLOGY Volume: 26 Issue 2 December 2014
[5] Parashos P, Messer HH. Rotary NiTi instrument fracture and its consequences.J Endod. 2006;32(11):1031-43.

Abstract: Addison's disease (Primary adrenal insufficiency) is a rare and chronic disease of adrenal cortex where there is insufficient production of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid • Addisonian crisis, a rare but life-threatening event in pregnant women, may accompany stressful conditions such as labor, puerperium, infection, hyperemesis gravidarum or surgery. Addison's disease has deleterious effects on pregnancy outcome. It may cause infertility, abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine fetal death and postpartum adrenal crisis. Adrenocortical insufficiency is related to an higher incidence of serious fetal complications like intrauterine deathst............

[1]. Cohen. M. Pregnancy in Addison's Disease. Arch Intern Med 1948; 81: 879
[2]. Davis ME, Plotz E. Hormanal inter-relationship between maternal, adrenal, placental and fetal adrenal functions. Obstetric and
Gynecology 1956; 2:1.
[3]. Stein F. Addison's Disease. Beitr Path Anat1955; 115:102
[4]. HH.Francis, JE Forster. Pregnancy in Addison's Disease. In:Proceedings of Royal Society of Medicine. 513-16.
[5]. Hills AG, Venning EH, Dohan EC, Webster GD, Richardson EM. Pregnancy and Addison disease. J Clin Invest 1954; 33:1466...

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary infections are among the most common infections encountered in outpatient and inpatient clinical care. The most useful imaging modalities available for the evaluation of the patient with suspected pulmonary infection are chest radiography and computed tomography (CT).The aim of present study is to evaluate various patterns of pulmonary disease depicted radio logically and to establish and compare sensitivity and specificity of radiography and computed tomography.............

Keywords: Chest X-ray, CT, Pulmonary infections, Sensitivity, Specificity

[1]. Walker M, Abbott F, Greene E, Shepard JO, Vummidi D, Digumarthy SR. Imaging Pulmonary Infection: Classic Signs and Patterns. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2014 202:3, 479-492.
[2]. Hoyert DL, Xu J.Deaths: preliminary data for 2011. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2012;61(6):1-51
[3]. Ghimire M, Bhattacharya SK, Narain JP. Pneumonia in South-East Asia Region: Public health perspective. Indian J Med Res.2012; 135(4):459- 468.

[4]. Franquet T. Imaging of pneumonia: trends and algorithms. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:196 -208.

[5]. Heussel CP, Kauczor HU, Heussel GE, Fischer B, Begrich M, Mildenberger P, Thelen M. Pneumonia in febrile neutropenic patients and in bone marrow and blood stem-cell transplant recipients: use of high-resolution computed tomography. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(3):796–805

Abstract: HIV constitutes one of the most difficult challenges faced by the healthcare Professionals today. According to a paper from UNAIDS/WHO in 2015 , there are about 36.7 million HIV infected patients currently in the entire world. There are about 2.1 million who were newly diagnosed worldwide. 1.1 million patients expired due to AIDS in 2015.Potent anti retroviral therapy (ART) has significantly increased longevity among HIV-infected patients. As this patient population grows older, an increased incidence of surgical illness is likely and 20-25% of them may need a Surgical intervention............

Keywords: HIV , ART, Surgical disease

[1]. BavejaCP : textbook of Microbiology, 4th edition, 2014.
[2]. Bailey RC et al : Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Casuum, Kenya; A randomized controlled trial. Lancet
369;643,2007
[3]. Cohen MS, Pilcher CD; Amplified HIV transmission and new approaches to HIV prevention Infect Dis 191;1391,2005
[4]. Diffenbach CW, Fauci AS; Universal voluntary testing and treatment for prevention of HIV transmission. JAMA 301;2380,2009
[5]. Drumright L et al; Unprotected and intercourse and substance use among men who have sex with men and recent HIV infection. J
AIDS 43;344,2006

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate outcome of pregnancy in teenage mothers. Method: In this retrospective study we reviewed 120 teenage mothers in the age group 13 to 19 years from indoor and outdoor Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Marital status and gestational age was not under consideration. Result: Maximum teenage mothers were in the age group of 18-19 years incidence being 65%. Majority of them were married and illiterate. 37.5% had spontaneous term vaginal delivery............

Keywords: Adolescent, Teenage pregnancy, Pregnancy outcome

[1]. Abu-Heij Adel, Al Haddabi R, Al Bash Majeda, Al Mahaihsi Nadia et al. Early Teenage pregnancy: Is it safe? The journal of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India (March-April 2016) 66 (2): 88-92.
[2]. Keller T, Morgan A, Gnerreiro et al. International and HBSC study group. Addressing the socioeconomic determinants of
adolescent health: experiences from the WHO/HBSC Forum 2007. Drt J public health. 2009; 54: 278-84.
[3]. Alouni S, Randriambololona D, Randriamboavonjy R. Risk factors of teenage pregnancies, deliveries and postpartum in the
departmement of Loinet. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2014; 4:168-9.

[4]. PUNKD, Chanha M outcome of adolescent pregnancy at Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu univ Med J 2011; 33 (1): 50- 3.
[5]. Huang CC, Lin YC, Huang YT et al. Comparison of medical issues in antenatal and perinatal periods in early youth, adolescent and
young adult mothers in Taiwan, a 10 years nationwide study, BMC pregnancy childbirth. 2014; 14: 260-3.

Abstract: The study on detection of weak RhD (D u ) antigen among 4200 healthy blood donors at Tripura Medical College & Dr BRAM Teaching Hospital blood blank associated from January 2015 to December 2016. Method: Blood samples that were negative for RhD by immediate spin tube method were tested for weak D by indirect antiglobulin test. Observation and results: Among 4200 healthy blood donors, 4060(96.67%) were RhD factor positive while, 140(3.33%) were Rhd negative. Among these, 140 RhD factor negative individuals 1 (0.007%) were weak D positive............

Keywords: Weak D antigen, Rh blood group

[1]. Levine Philip,Rufus E. Stetson. An unusual case of intragroup agglutination. J Am Med Assoc. 1939; 113(2) : 126-127.
[2]. Tayyab Muhammed, Malik R. Arif et al. Du phenotype a review. JAMC. 2000;12:41-44.
[3]. sIssitt,P.D.,Telen et al.Weak D(Du) and partial D: the molecular story unfolds. Transfusion.1986; 36:97-100.
[4]. Jones, J, Scott et al. Monoclonal anti-D specificity and RhD structure: criteria for selection of monoclonal anti-D reagents for
routine typing of patients and donors. Transfus Med.1995; 5: 171-184
[5]. Tippett , P. Sub –divisions of the Rh antigen D .Med Lab Sci.1988; 45:88-93.

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of craniofacial morphology on pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in individuals with normal sagittal skeletal pattern. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 adult female patients with skeletal Class I jaw relationship were included in the study. Lateral cephalograms were obtained and hand traced. Various soft and hard tissue points
identified and linear and angular measurements carried out to evaluate the pharyngeal airway space. The data thus collected were subjected to statistical analysis............

Keywords: Pharyngeal Airway Space, Craniofacial Morphology, Skeletal Class I

[1]. Dunn GF, Green LJ, Cunat JJ. Relationships between variation of mandibular morphology and variation of nasopharyngeal airway
size in monozygotic twins.Angle Orthod. 1973;43:129–135.
[2]. Ricketts RM. Respiratory obstruction syndrome. Am JOrthod. 1968;54:495–507.
[3]. Solow B, Siersbaek-Nielsen S, Greve E. Airway adequacy, head posture, and craniofacial morphology. Am J Orthod. 1984;86:214–
223.
[4]. Banno K, Kryger MH. Sleep apnea: clinical investigations in humans. Sleep Med. 2007;8:400–426
[5]. Iwasaki T, Hayasaki H, Takemoto Y, Kanomi R, Yamasaki Y. Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion
evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:318.e311–319.

Abstract: Background And Objectives: Nearly twothird of the population show nodules in high resolution ultrasound of thyroid. Less than 10% of nodules are malignant. The reporting of such nodules is often subjective and does not guide proper management. To standardize the reporting, the concept of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) was developed. The present study aims to stratify the thyroid nodules based on key ultrasound features into various risk groups and assess their malignant potential. Methodology:This study has been done on 200 patients with thyroid nodules during a one year study period(2014-2015).These thyroid nodules were evaluated by ultrasonography and FNAC.Then the sonographic features and FNAC results were compared andanalysed.............

Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, TIRADS, thyroid nodules, ultrasonography

[1]. Kim K M, Park J B et al. Ultrasonographic guideline for thyroid nodules cytology: Single institute experience, Journal of the
Korean surgical society, 2013; vol 84 (2): 73-9.
[2]. Dean D S et al. Epidemiology of thyroid nodules, Best practice and Research: clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Journal of
radiology, 2012; vol 262(3): 901-11.
[3]. Horvath E, Majlis S et al. An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management,
The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009; vol 9 (5): 1748-51.
[4]. Moifo B, Takoeta et al. Reliability of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) classification in Differentiation
Benign from Malignant Thyroid Nodules, Open Journal of Radiology, 2013; 3: 103 – 7.
[5]. Kawk Y J, Han H K et al. Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System for US features of Nodules: A step in establishing better
stratification of cancer risk, RSNA, 2011; vol 260: 892 – 99.

Abstract: Introduction: The Hemoglobinopathies are one of the major public health problems in tribal predominant population. Objective: To estimate the seroprevalence of Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia in suspected cases of genetic disorders by using HPLC retention time chromatogram method in tribal predominant population, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Methods: All Blood sample of suspected cases of genetic disorders were assessed in the department of Laboratory Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India for work up of anemia or other blood related disorders in year 2013. This blood samples were assessed on BIORAD variant II............

Keywords: Retention time chromatogram , HPLC, Hemoglobinopathies, Thalassemia, Sickle cell Anemia.

[1]. Sarnaik S. Thalassemia and related hemoglobinopathies. Indian J Pediatr 2005; 72:319-324.
[2]. Kutlar F. Diagnostic approach to hemoglobinopathies. Hemoglobin 2007;31:243-50.
[3]. WHO- EXECUTIVE BOARD EB118/5, 118th Session Report by the Secretariat on Thalassaemia and other haemoglobinopathies : Prevalence of Haemoglobinopathies. 11 May 2006; p.1-8.
[4]. Balgir RS. The genetic burden of hemoglobinopathies with special reference to community health in India and the challenges ahead.Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. 2002; 20(1): 2-7.
[5]. Varawalla NY, Old JM, Sarkar R, Venkatean R, Weatherall DJ. The spectrum of beta thalassaemia mutations on the Indian subcontinent; the basis of prenatal diagnosis. Br J Haematol 1991;78:242-247.

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer is the third commonest cancer worldwide after cancer of the lungs and stomach in males and cancer of the breast and cervix in females.Surgical resection is the only treatment option with curative potential8,9. Adjuvant therapy is effective in prolonging survival and reducing disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer10. Patients And Methods: This is an 8 year retrospective study of all patients with colorectal cancer admitted into the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) between 1st January, 2008 to 31st December, 2016. Relevant data were retrieved and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Results: Seventy cases were analysed............

Keywords: Clinicopathological, Colorectal, Cancer.

[1]. Naaeder SB, Armah E, Tandoh JFK, Archampong EQ, Adu-Aryee NA, Ugwu BT, et al. Small and Large Intestine (Including Rectum and Anus). In: Archampong EQ, Naaeder SB, Ugwu BT. Eds. Principles and Practice of Surgery, 5th edition. Ghana Publishing Corporation, Accra, 675-772.
[2]. Parkin DM, Pisani D, Ferlay J. Global cancer statistics 1999. CA Cancer J Clin 1999; 49: 33-64.
[3]. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer stastisics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61: 69-90.
[4]. Adekunle OO, Abioye AA. Adenocarcinoma of the large bowels in Nigerians: a clinicopathological study. Dis Colon Rectum 1980; 23: 559-563.
[5]. Weitz J, Koch M, Debus J, Hohler T, Galle PR, Buchler MW. Colorectal Cancer. Lancet 2005; 365: 153-165..

Abstract: Netherton Syndrome (AKA- Bamboo Hair Syndrome) is a non treatable, Autosomal Recessive Disorder of infancy and childhood, so has no sex predilection. Family history may reveal consanguinity. There is triad - A] Ichthyosiform linearis circumflexa B] Hair Shaft Defect like trichorrhexis invaginata & C] Atopic Diathesis........... .

[1]. Suhaila O, Muzhirah A. Netherton Syndrome: A Case Report. Malaysian J Pediatr Child Health (MJPCH). 2010;16(2):26.
[2]. Emre S, Metin A, Demirseren D, et al. Two siblings with Netherton syndrome. Turk J Med Sci 2010; 40(5):819-23.
[3]. Thanawinnanont O, Samutrapong P. Netherton syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Thai J Dermatol 2008;24:208-12.
[4]. Erdoğan AG, Balaban D, Derviş E, Karaoğlu A. A case of Netherton syndrome associated with aminoaciduria. Turkderm 2006;40(3):108-10.
[5]. Stevanovic DV. Multiple defects of the hair shaft in Netherton's disease . Association with ichthyosis linearis circumflexa. Dr J Dermatol 1969;81(11):851- 7..

Abstract: Purpose of the study: To find the effect of abdominal muscle exercises on peak expiratory flow rate in postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: 60 subjects post menopause between the age group of 45-55 years, were selected for the study.They were bounded in single group. The pre outcome measure was peak expiratory flow rate, waist hip ratio and abdominal strength .peak expiratory flow rate measured by peak expiratory flow rate device, waist hip ratio measured by inch tape and abdominal muscle strength measured by grades of abdominal muscle...........

Keywords: Graded Abdominal Muscle Exercises, PEFR, Menopause.

[1]. Margaret Polden And Jill MantleText Book Of "Physiotherapy In Obstetrics And Gynecology"first edition ,page no 287.
[2]. K Sembulingam And PremaSembulingam Text Book Of "Essential Of Medical Physiology "5th Edition ,Page No 645.
[3]. Donna FrownfelterAnd Elizabeth Dean. Text Book Of "Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Physical Therapy" Evidence To Practice.5th edition page no 137
[4]. Carolyn Kisner And Lynn Allen Colby Text Book Of "Therapeutic Exercises Foundation And Techniques.4thEdition, Page no 663
[5]. "Vispute, Sachin S; Smith, John D; Lecheminant, James D; Hurley, Kimberly S . "The Effect Of Abdominal Exercise On
Abdominal Fat.

Abstract: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a rare heterogeneous group of disorder characterised by an end-organ resistance to parathyroid harmone (PHP) especially in kidney and bones, in which other hormonal deficiencies such as hypothyroidism and hypogonadism may coexist.1A Japanese study estimated the prevalence of the disorder to be 7.2 per million only.2 Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a clinically dysmorphic syndrome characterised by developmental and skeletal defects that include short stature, rounded face, shortened fourth metacarpals and other bones of the hands and feet, obesity ,dental hypoplasia, soft tissue calcification/ossifications mostly in basal ganglia of brain. Although the features are characteristic they may vary, as many of the patients usually show unremarkable phenotypic features........

[1]. Chong PL et al. Am J Med Sci 2013;10(1):2012-5
[2]. Mannava P, Masood A, Devi KA. Ind J Biochem Jan-March 2015;30(1):113-16
[3]. Nakamura Y, Matsumoto T, Tamakoshi A, et al. Prevalance of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism in Japan.J Epidemiol 2000,10:29-33

[4]. Mantovani G. Clinical review: psuedohypoparathyroidism: diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:3020-30
[5]. Chen LP,Chen LH,Wu DA. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2010;7(2):36-8

Abstract: Ghrelin is a recently discovered hormone. It was mentioned for the first time by Masayasu Kodzima and associates in 1999. Despite the numerous studies concerning ghrelin, there are still issues to consider. So far there is no definite answer to the question which type enteroendocrine cells produce this hormone. А not less debatable point is the question on the appearance of differentiated ghrelin-producing cells in the prenatal period. So far the earliest occurrence of ghrelin-producing cells in rats is registered in foetal stomach 18th gestation day...........

Keywords: gastrointestinal tract, ghrelin, ghrelin receptor GHS-R1, rat embryo

[1]. Ovcharov, Vl., Vankov V. Human anatomy, Med. Publishing ARSO, 2012.; p.325. Sanderson I, Walker W. Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract. 1999,.