iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2017

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common and remains the second leading cause of death in women. Triple assessment of breast mass includes clinical examination, imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology or core biopsy. Fine needle aspiration cytology and breast ultrasound is important in the characterization of breast lump to differentiate benign from malignant disease. All palpable breast masses require proper work up, early diagnosis and management. ...........

[1]. Abdullah, P., Malik, A., Zahir, N., Zahur-ur-Rehman, Abdus S. &Mehmood A.(1999) Breast lumps-what they actually represent.
Journal of College of Physicians and SurgeonsPakistan 9, 46-48.
[2]. Rashmi Bawa et al. Breast Cancer In India. Int J Med Res Prof.2015;1(2);27-31.
[3]. Martin HE, Ellis EB. Biopsy by needle puncture and aspiration. Ann Surg 1930;92:169–18.
[4]. Kailash Singh, Tariq Azad, Ghanshyam Dev Gupta et al .The Accuracy of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Lumps. JK
Science. 2008;10:4.
[5]. Wasan et al: Non Palpable Breast Mass.Mustansiriya Medical Journal Volume 15 Issue 1 April 201..

Abstract: In this study, post-operative functional outcome and post-operative complications in posterior column acetabular fractures treated by external rotators sparing kocher lagenbeck approach is studied. Patients and methods: This prospective and retrospective study includes 20 patients of posterior acetabular fractures with a mean age of 39.55 years (range 21–60), that had been treated by external rotator sparing Kocher lagenbeck approach from october 2010 to october 2013. Results: Anatomic reduction and stable fixation of the fracture with less than 2 mm residual displacement was achieved in 18 of 20 hips. At the final follow up, the patients were evaluated clinically according to Merle d'Aubigne scoring system. The clinical results were excellent in 9, very good in 6, good in 3, fair in 1, and poor 1 hip............

Keywords: Acetabular fracture; Modified posterior acetabular approach, Posterior column; modified; Short external rotator sparing

[1]. Judet R, Judet J, Letournel E. Fractures of the acetabulum: classification and surgical approaches for open reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1964;46:1615– 75.
[2]. Letournel E. Acetabulum fractures: classification and management. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1980;151:81–106.
[3]. Mehlman CT, Meiss L, DiPasquale TG. Hyphenated-history: the Kocher–Langenbeck surgical approach. J Orthop Trauma 2000;14:60–4.
[4]. Siebenrock KA, Gautier E, Ziran BH, Ganz R. Trochanteric flip osteotomy for cranial extension and muscle protection in acetabular fracture fixation using a Kocher–Langenbeck approach. J Orthop Trauma 2006;20(Suppl. 1):S52–6.
[5]. Moed BR. The modified Gibson posterior surgical approach to the acetabulum. J Orthop Trauma 2010;24:315–22...

Abstract: Background: Postpartum Hemorrhage is commonly defined as a blood loss of 500 ml or more within 24 hours after birth Antepartum hemorrhage is defined as bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. Objective: The purpose of this study was toassess Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Platelets count in women with ante partum and post partum hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: One hundred samples were included in this study represent case group with ante partum and post partum. 30 samples were collected from normal pregnants...........

Keywords: Sudanese, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, PT, APTT, Platelets.

[1]. World Health Organization, Global Burden of Maternal Hemorrhage in the year 2000.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003. Available from:http:// www.who.int/healthinfo/statistic/bod -maternal hemorrhage.pdf.Accessed April,19 2013
[2]. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L , Gulezoglu AM , Van Look PF.WHO analysis of cause of maternal death:asystemic review. Lancet.2006; 367(9516):1066-1074.
[3]. World Health Organization , Maternal Morbidity in 2005. Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICE, UNFPA, and the World Bank. Geneva: World Health Organization;2007. Available from: http// www.who.int/whosis/mme-2005.pdf.Accessed April 19,2013.
[4]. World Health Organization .the Africa Malaria Report 2003. Geneva: World Health Organization ;2003 Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris//bitstream/10665/67869/1/ WHO-CDS-MAL- 2003.1093.pdf.Accessed April 19, 2013 .
[5]. Lutomski J, Byrne B, Devane D, Greene R. Increasing trends in atonic postpartum haemorrhage in Ireland: an 11-year population-based cohort study. BJOG. 2012 Feb. 119(3):306-14.

Abstract: Positive results of many Trials have incorporated concurrent and sequential chemo radiotherapy in treatment of inoperable carcinoma esophagus. But concurrent chemo radiation therapy is similar to that achieved by surgery alone. The main plea of concurrent chemoradiation in esophageal cancers is early regression and palliation of dysphagia for long time. The aim of this study to analyse the modalities of treatment available for palliation of dysphagia in carcinoma esophagus and determine the most effective option among hem.
Materials and Methods: Between September 2011 to December 2013,50 patients of esophageal cancers were treated in our institute, 25 patients in sequential and 25 in concurrent chemo radiotherapy arm. Swallowing function was assessed in these patients by the use of a swallowing-function scoring system.......

Keywords: Chemo radiation, comparison, esophagus, sequential and concurren

[1]. Coorly DA, Buffer PA, Oesophageal and gastic cardia adenocarcinoma; analysis of regional variation using the cancer incidence
database.Int J Epidemol 2001; 30:1414-1425.
[2]. Brown LM,Devesa SS.Epidemiogic trends in esophageal and gastric cancer in the United States. Surg Oncol Clin Nm
2002;11(2):235.
[3]. American Joint Commission on Cancer 6th ed. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer Verlag, 2002.
[4]. Rosenberg J, Lichter A, Leichman L. Cancer of the esophagus, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1989.
[5]. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65:87–
108..

Abstract: Introduction: Prostate cancer is a multifaceted disease comprises distinct biological subtypes with varied spectrum of clinical, pathologic and molecular features with different prognostic and therapeutic implications. Over the last few decades there have been outstanding advances in prostate cancer management leading to earlier detection of disease. Prostatic cancer diagnosis is based on a combination of architectural, cytological and ancillary features............

Keywords: Prostate carcinoma, Alpha methyl Co-A racemase (AMACR), Basal cell markers – HMWCK, P63.

[1]. Using an AMACR (P504S)/34 Beta E12/p63 Cocktail for the Detection of Small Focal Prostate Carcinoma in Needle Biopsy
Specime Zhong Jiang, MD, Cuizhen Li, MD, PhD, Andrew Fischer, MD, Karen Dresser, and Bruce A. Woda, MD Am J
ClinPathol. 2005;123(2):231-236.
[2]. Diagnostic utility of a p63/a-methyl-CoA racemas (p504s) cocktail in atypical foci in the prostate Vincent Molinie´1, Gae¨lle
Fromont2, Mathilde Sibony3, Annick Vieillefond4 Viorel Vassiliu5, Be´atrix CochandPriollet6, Jean M Herve´7, Thierry Lebret7
and Anne C Baglin1 Modern Pathology (2004) 17, 1180 –1190&2004 USCAP.
[3]. Prostate-Specific Antigen, High-Molecular-Weight Cytokeratin (Clone 34βE12), and/or p6 An Optimal Immunohistochemical
Panel to Distinguish Poorly Differentiated Prostate Adenocarcinoma From Urothelial Carcinoma Lakshmi P. Kunju,
MD,1RohitMehra, MD,1 Matthew Snyder, MD,1 and Rajal B. Shah, MD1,2 Am J Clin Pathol2006;125:675-681
[4]. Diagnostic Utility of Immunohistochemical Staining for p63, a Sensitive Marker of Prostatic Basal Cells Michael H. Weinstein,
M.D., Ph.D., Sabina Signoretti, M.D., Massimo Loda, M.D. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital (MHW,
ML) and the Dana Farber CancerInstitute (ML, SS), Boston, Massachusetts Modern Pathology; Augusta15.12 (Dec 2002): 1302-8.
[5]. P504S ( Methylacyl CoA Racemase) : A Good Diagnostic Marker for Prostate Carcinoma Zhong Jiang, MD Advances in Anatomic
Pathology: November 2004 - Volume 11 - Issue 6 - pp 316-321..

Abstract: Haemorrhoids is one of the most common problem that a Surgeon faces in his day to day practice. The diagnosis of hemorrhoids is clinched by clinical and proctoscopic examination. The disease is graded based on bleeding or mass descending per rectum and treated accordingly. Grade III hemorrhoids are prolapsed masses that do not reduce spontaneously and reuire digital reposition. This study compares the efficacy of three procedures namely open hemorrhoidectomy and Rubber Band Ligation(RBL) in the treatment of third degree Hemorrhoids in the subjects presenting to the surgical out patient department of GMKMCH, Salem, Tamilnadu. This study was conducted in 75 random cases of third degree hemorrhoids over a period ofone and half years from Dec 2012 to Aug 2014..........

Keyword:-RBL, Hemorrhoidectomy, Proctoscopic examination..

[1]. Bailey and Love short practice of surgery 26th edition.
[2]. Skandalaki's – Surgical Anatomy
[3]. Gray H: Anatomy of human body.
[4]. Mastery of surgery by Fischer – 6th edition
[5]. Current surgical therapy, Cameron, 11th ed, chapter on large bowel, pgs: 255-61

Abstract: Anal fissure is the most common problem in our day to day practice. This study is a prospective comparative study of chemical sphincterotomy and lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic fissure in ano. Chronic fissure in ano is the failure of fissure to heal for more than 6 months. The aims of this study is to compare the efficacy of these two techniques and their complications. This study helps to decide the better treatment for chronic fissure. Data obtained from 100 patients attending General Surgical Out Patient Department of all units in Govt Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital.........

[1]. "Anal Fissure – Basics – Epidemiology" Best Practice. British Medical Journal. Apr 23, 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
[2]. Renzi, A.; Brusciano, L.; Pescatori, M.; Izzo, D.; Napolitano, V.; Rossetti, G.; del Genio, G.; del Genio, A. (January 2005).
[3]. "Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation for Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective, Clinical, Endosonographic, and Manometric Study". Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 48 (1): 121–126.

[4]. Maria G, Brisinda G. Botulinum injections in the internal anal sphincter for treatment of chronic anal fissures. Long-term results after two different dose regimens. Ann Surg.

[5]. Jost WH. One hundred cases of anal fissure treated with botulin toxin: early and long-term results. Dis colon rectum. 1997 Sep;40(9):1929–1932..

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the endometrial pathologies with saline infusion sonohysterography, where ultrasound showed nonspecific endometrial thickening. Proposed Materials And Methods: We studied 50 perimenopausal patients with non specific endometrial thickening on transvaginal ultrasound using saline infusion sonohysterography. A GE pro5 ultrasound machine was used with high resolution 7.5MHZ transvaginal probe. Baseline transvaginal sonography was performed and endometrial findings were recorded. Then under strict ascetic precautions, under ultrasound guidance a 5F canal was introduced upto mid cavity level and 10 to 20 ml of saline infused.The endometrial findings were recorded again.............

[1]. Parsons AK, Lense JJ. Sonohysterography for endometrial abnormalities: preliminary results. J Clin Ultrasound 1993; 21:87.
[2]. Syrop CH, Sahakian V. Transvaginal sonographic detection of endometrial polypswith fluid contrast augmentation. Obstet
Gynecology1992; 79:1041.
[3]. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG TechnologyAssessment in Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 5:
sonohysterography. Obstet&Gynecology 2008; 112:1467.
[4]. La Sala GB, Blasi I, Gallinelli A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterographyand transvaginal sonography as compared with
hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy:a prospective study. Minerva Ginecol 2011; 63:421.
[5]. Kamel HS, Darwish AM, Mohamed SA. Comparison of transvaginalultrasonography and vaginal sonohysterography in the
detection of endometrialpolyps.ActaObstetGynecolScand 2000; 79:60.

Abstract: Frozen Section is an important tool in the armamentarium of the surgical oncologist. The value of frozen section in oncology is established well .However, in India , especially in the Public sector, it is available in very few centers. . Thus, this study aims to determine the realistic value of Frozen section in malignancies in the public sector.Frozen section of 179 samples from 120 cases were analysed. The most common indication for intraoperative evaluation was to assess suspicious nodes , accounting for 44.13%. Head and neck and gynecologic tumors were the most common indications for study, accounting for 57% of cases...........

Keywords: Frozen section, Intraoperative diagnosis, Malignancy

[1]. Winship et al. Frozen sections: an avaluation of 1810 cases. Surgery. 1959: 45: 462-466
[2]. Ackerman. Et al. The indications for and limitations of frozen section diagnosis. Br. J Surg. 1959: 46: 336-350
[3]. Holaday. Et al. Ten thousand consecutive frozen sections. Am J Clin Pathol. 1974: 61 : 769-777
[4]. Dankwa et al. Frozen section diagnosis : an audit. J Clin Pathol. 1985; 38: 1235-1240
[5]. Rogers et al. Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in a teaching hospital. Arch pathol lab Med. 1987; 111: 514-517.

Abstract: Breast cancer is now the common cause of cancer-related death among women. Proliferation markers in breast cancer seem to be a prognostic factor. Immunohistochemistry of the nuclear antigen Ki-67 is the most common proliferation marker used in studies by the assessment of the percentage of cells staining positive for Ki-67. This study analyzed the association between Ki-67 index and clinical parameters, histo-pathological parameters and intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. A higher Ki-67 index correlated significantly with young age, larger tumors, and positive lymph nodes..

Keywords: Breast Carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, Ki – 67 index

[1]. GLOBOCON 2012, Inter National Agency for research on cancer, IARC online database [2]. Parkin M, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P [2005] Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 55:74-108.
[3]. The Hallmarks of Cancer, Douglas Hanahan*et al Weinberg Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Hormone Research Institute University of California at San Francisco, Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000 [4]. Assessing the clinical impact of prognostic factors Hayes DF, Trock B, Harris AL Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998;52(1-3):305.
[5]. de Azambuja E , Cardoso F , de Castro G Jr , et al . Ki-67 as prognostic marker in early breast cancer: a meta-analysis involving 12,155 patients. Br J Cancer. 2007; 96 (10): 1504 – 1513..

Abstract: Many patients present to the surgical department with a thyroid nodule. However not all require surgery and only 5-6% of these are malignant. There are many methods to diagnose and predict malignancy in a thyroid nodule. This study throws light on the usefulness of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) estimation and its role in predicting malignancy. This is a prospective study involving 100 patients admitted to our hospital with thyroid swellings suspicious of malignancy. The objective was to evaluate the utility of serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) estimation as a biochemical predictor of malignancy in suspicious thyroid nodules and to study the clinical presentation of thyroid malignancies.The mean preoperative TSH value was 2.39±1.42 mU/L. Mean TSH value in malignancy was higher (3.71±1.22mU/L) compared to those with benign disease (1.80±1.03mU/L)............

Keywords: Thyroid stimulating hormone fine needle aspiration cytology, histopathology, thyroid malignancies ,papillary follicular malignancies.

[1]. Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O'Connell PR, The Thyroid and Parathyroids, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 25th ed. New York: Arnold;
[2]. Boelaert K, Horacek J, Holder RL, et al., Serum thyrotropin concentrationvas a novel predictor of malignancy in thyroid nodules investigated by fine needle aspiration, J. Clin Endocrinal Metab, 2006; 91:4295-4301
[3]. Haymart MR, Repplinger DJ, Leverson GE, et al, Higher TSH level in thyroid nodule patients is associated with greater risks of differentiated thyroid cancer and advanced tumor stage, J Clin Endocrinal Metab, 2008;93:809-14
[4]. Gupta M et al, Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Histopathology in the diagnosis of Solitary Thyroid Nodule, Journal of Thyroid Research, Feb 2010;
[5]. Stergios A. Polyzos, Marina Kita, Zoe Efstathiadou et al, Serum thyrotropinconcentration as a biochemical predictor of thyroid malignancy in patients presenting with thyroid nodules, J Cancer Res ClinOncol. 2008; 134:953-96.

Abstract: The basic aim of any surgical procedure is to reduce in morbidity and mortality rates. By this scoring system, comparing the influence on adverse outcome and also assess the efficiency of that particular procedure and their by provide the quality of care. The risk of post operative morbidity and mortality was predicted by using several scoring system. These scoring system can used for several surgical procedure and also qualitative assessments of different surgeons, hospital and countries possum (physiological and But comparison using crude morbidity and mortality rates is fallacious, because of differences in general health of the local population and variable presentation of the patient‟ s condition............

[1]. Isbister WH, Al Sanea N. POSSUM: a re-evaluation in patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer. The Physiological and
Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity. ANZ Journal of Surgery 2002;72(6):421-5.
[2]. Shuhaiber JH, Hankins M, Robless P, Whitehead SM. Comparison of POSSUM with P-POSSUM for prediction of mortality in
infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Annals of Vascular Surgery 2002;16(6):736-41.
[3]. Tekkis PP, Kessaris N, Kocher HM, Poloniecki JD, Lyttle J, Windsor AC. Evaluation of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring
systems in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. British Journal of Surgery 003;90(3):340-5.
[4]. Griffiths H, Cuddihy P, Davis S, Parikh S, Tomkinson A. Risk-adjusted comparative audit. Is Possum applicable to head and neck
surgery? Clinical Otolaryngology & Allied Sciences 2002;27(6):517-20.
[5]. Organ N, Morgan T, Venkatesh B, Purdie D. Evaluation of the PPOSSUM mortality prediction algorithm in Australian surgical
intensive care unit patients. ANZ Journal of Surgery 2002;72(10):735-8.
[6]. Prytherch DR, Ridler BM, Beard JD, Earnshaw JJ, Audit and Research Committee

Abstract: Introduction: Colon lipomas are rare. They are almost always asymptomatic; only when their diameter is more than 3 cm do they become symptomatic. They tend to occur in an older population and most of the cases are located at the right side of the large bowel. Usually the diagnosis is not made until operation is performed. Intussusception is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction in adults. Case presentation: We describe the case of a 52-year-old female who presented with features of intestinal obstruction secondary to intussusception. A colocolonic invagination was found with giant intraluminal lipoma on CECT abdomen. She was treated operatively .Exploratory Laprotomy with Segmental resection of colon wih colocolonic anastamosis was performed. A histopathological examination revealed a polypoid, submucosal lipoma............

Keywords: Colocolonic, giant polyp, intestinal obstruction, intraluminal, intussusception, lipoma, submucosal

[1]. E. Grasso and T. Guastella, "Giant submucosal lipoma cause colo-colonic intussusception. A case report and review of literature," Annali Italiani di Chirurgia, 83(6) , 2012, 559– 562.
[2]. Ghidirim G, Mishin I, Gutsu E et al. Giant submucosal lipoma of the cecum: report of a case and review of literature. Romanian Journal of Gastroenterology; 14(4) 2005, 393-6.
[3]. Bardaji M, Roset F, Camps R, Sant F, Fernandez-Layos MJ. Symptomatic colonic lipoma: differential diagnosis of large bowel tumors. International Journal of Colorectal Disease; 13(1), 1998 : 1-2
[4]. A. S. Krasniqi, A. R. Hamza, L. M. Salihu et al., "Compound double ileoileal and ileocecocolic intussusception caused by lipoma of the ileum in an adult patient. A case report," Journal of Medical Case Reports, 5, 2011, 452.
[5]. O. Mouaqit, H. Hasnai, L. Chbani et al., "Pedunculated lipoma causing colo-colonic intussusception: a rare case report," BMC Surgery, 13( 1), 2013, 51..

Abstract: Although expired dental composites should not be used in practice, limited information on their properties is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate their color stability. 3 composite resins (ice/SDI, rok/SDI, spectrum/Dentsply) from 15 to 146 months after their expiration date and the same materials 23 to 45 months before their expiration date were used to make round specimens. All specimens were finished and polished and after their initial storage in water of 37oC for 48h, they were immersed in coffee baths simulating 30,60,90,180,360 days of coffee's staining effect. A mean of three measurements of color parameters in the CIELAB system were taken with a portable colorimeter (ShadeEye/Shiofu) at all periods, and data were analyzed statistically............

Keywords: color stability, dental composites, expiration date, staining solution.

[1]. J. Donohue and S. Apostolou, Shelf-life prediction for radiation-sterilized plastic devices, Med. Dev. Diagn. Ind. 12(1), 1990, 124–
129.
[2]. A.D.A, Dental Product Standards Development Vocabulary, Standard No.33, (National Standards Institute/ American Dental
Association, Chicago, 2003).
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Polym. Prepr. 34(2), 1993, 185-.
[4]. N.B. Cramer, J.W. Stansbury, and C.N. Bowman, Recent advances and developments in composite dental restorative materials,
Journal of Dental Research, 90(4), 2011, 402–416.
[5]. J.L.Drummond, Degradation, fatigue, and failure of resin dental composite materials, Journal of Dental Research, 87(8), 2008, 710–
719..

Abstract: Background: Stomal complications are prevalent and associated with a worse quality of life and increased health-economic burdens.Stoma is an opening for fecal diversion. The aim of our study was to determine the prevention and treatment of stoma complications. Methods: This is a prospective study was carried out in a surgical unit of Subei Hospital, Yangzhou Medical College, from January, 2013 to December, 2015. Data was collected by meticulous history taking including age, gender, indication, type of stoma, type of surgery, careful clinical examination, appropriate operative findings and follow up of the cases. The results were collected, analyzed and compared with other studies...........

Keywords: Stoma, prevention, Colostomy, Ileostomy, treatment, complications.

[1]. Taylor P. An introduction to stomas: reasons for their formation. Nurs Times 2005;101:63-4.
[2]. Irving MH, Hulme O. Intestinal stomas. Br Med J 1992; 304: 1679-81.
[3]. Saunders RN, Hemingway D. Intestinal Stomas. SurgInt 2005;71:44-7.
[4]. Khalid AM, Irshad W. Surgical history of intestinal obstruction. Specialist 1991; 8 (1): 55-60.
[5]. Cushieri A, Steele RJ, Moosa AR. Disorders of the colon and rectum. In: Cushieri A, Steele RJ, Moosa AR. Essential Surgical
Practice. London. Arnold; 2002:569-626.

Abstract: This study investigated the pattern of yearly frequency distribution, as well as annual prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) amongst adult patients attending diabetes clinics at Government house clinic, Umuahia, Nigeria over a period of ten years. This was carried out by a retrospective review of patients clinical records at the Clinic from 2006 to 2016. The ages of subjects ranged from 25 to 85 years, with a mean value of 55.0 ± 12.80 years and comprised of both males and females, diagnosed with T2DM............

Keywords: Fasting blood glucose, Hyperglycemia, Insulin, Metabolic disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Umuahia.

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Care, 32 (Suppl 1), 2009, S62–S67.
Atkinson, M.A., Maclaren, N.K., The pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes. N Engl J Med, 331, 1994, 1428–1436.
Reaven, G.M., Bernstein, R., Davis, B., Olefsky, J.M., Nonketotic diabetes mellitus: insulin deficiency or insulin resistance? Am J
Med 60, 1976, 80–88......

Abstract: The prevention of dental caries searches for possibilities to control biomarkers, such as pH of saliva and dental plaque, with the use of natural products. The objective is to determine the effect of two dental preparations containing basil and eucalyptus essential oils, on the saliva and plaque pH. Preparation H3 contains hydrophilic vehicle from polyethylene glycols, preparation L3 contains hydrophobic vehicle from silicon dioxide. The study includes 90 individuals, distributed in three groups – control, H3-treated and L3- treated. The applications are done on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. The saliva pH is tested with Saliva Check Buffer (GS), and the dental plaque pH with Plaque indicator kit (GS). The time control periods are day 0, day 10 and 1 month.............

Keywords: biofilm , essential oils, prevention, saliva

[1]. JD. Featherstone, The science and practice of caries prevention. J Am Dent Assoc, 131(7), 2000, 887-899
[2]. MR. Pai, LD. Acharya, N. Udupa, Evaluation of antiplaque activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract gel - a 6-week clinical study.
J Ethnopharmacol, 90(1), 2004, 99-103.
[3]. G. Svensater, M. Borgstrom, GH. Bowden, S. Edwardsson, The acid-tolerant microbiota associated with plaque from initial caries
and healthy tooth surfaces. Carres Res, 37(6), 2003, 395-403.
[4]. MA. Botelho, NAP. Nogueira, GM. Bastos, et al., Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and
thymol against oral pathogens. Braz J Mcd Biol Res, 40(3), 2007, 349-356.
[5]. A. Dziedzic, R. Kubina, R.D. Wojtyczka, et al., The Antibacterial Effect of Ethanol Extract of Polish Propolis on Mutans
Streptococci and Lactobacilli Isolated from Saliva, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Evidence-Based Complementary and
Alternative Medicine, 2013(2013), 2013, Article ID 681891, 12 pages.

Abstract: Background: Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large adhesive glycoprotein synthesized by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. The antigens of the ABO system (A, B, and H determinants, respectively) consist of complex carbohydrate molecules.ABO blood group locus on chromosome 9q34exert major quantitative effects on VWF level. Objective: The purpose of this study was toevaluate the association of Different ABO blood groups and VWF level among Sudanese Subjects............

Keywords: ABO, Blood group, Von Willebrand Factor, Sudanese.

[1]. Ruggeri ZM, Zimmerman TS. The complex multimeric composition of factor VIII/vWF. Blood.1981;57:1140–1143.
[2]. Sadler JE. vonWillebrand factor. Ann Rev Biochem. 1998;67:395–424. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.395.
[3]. Ruggeri ZM. Structure of von Willebrand factor and its function in platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. Best PractResClinicalHaematol. 2001;14:257–259. doi: 10.1053/beha.2001.0133

[4]. Vlot AJ, Koppelman SJ, Bouma BN, Sixma JJ. Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor. ThrombHaemost. 1998;79:456–465.
[5]. Ruggeri ZM, Zimmerman TS. vonWillebrand factor and von Willebrand disease. Blood. 1987;70:895– 904.

Abstract: Ergonomics is the fixing of the job to man, adapting the job to fit the worker. It is the human-machine interface whose ultimate goal is the humanization of work and increasing the facets of productivity: effectiveness, efficiency and quality. This Study was designed to determine the various types of Work related musculoskeletal disorders among Computer operators and the Noise pollution levels at Federal University of Technology Computer Workstation, Owerri. This was a work-site based cross sectional study involving 150 consenting Computer operators. Data were collected through Questionnaire and measurements of noise levels.............

[1]. Aguiluz, D.O.A & Arnold, F (2003). The Occupational Environment, its evaluating control and management . 2nd Ed.
[2]. Breysse, P.N.E & Lees, P.S.J. (2006). Noise. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg University, School of Public Health.
[3]. Dul, S. (1996). Ergonomics for Beginners. Journal of Medicine and Occupational health, 55:320-340.
[4]. Dul, S. (1999). Ergonomic assessment interventions strategies of computer workstations. Journal of Medicine and Science, 62(4): 118-142.
[5]. Dul, S. (2002). Risk Factor Musculoskeletal. Journal of Medicine and Health, 54(3):130-172.

Abstract: Students' wellbeing is paramount to their effective participation in academic and extracurricular activities. This study described the prevalence and pattern of disease presentation among students attending Federal University of Technology Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study of consecutive 552 students who gave their informed consent. Data were extracted through clerking, examination and laboratory investigations and they included socio-demographic information and diagnoses. These data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 and transported to Xlstat 2015 for analysis.............

Keywords: Prevalence, Disease Presentation, Pattern, Owerri.

[1]. Aina, O.O; Agomo, C.O; Olukosi,Y.A; Okoh, H.I. (2013). Malariometric Survey of Ibeshe Community in Ikorodu, Lagos State: Dry Season, Malaria Research and Treatment, 487250.
[2]. Akinyemi, K; Smith, S; Oyefolu, A; Coker, A. (2005). Multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhi isolated from patients with typhoid fever complications in Lagos. Public Health, 119: 321-327.
[3]. Bynum, B. (2012). Typhomalaria. Lancet, 360 (9342): 1339.
[4]. Cheesebrough, M. (2006). District Laboratory Practices in tropical countries. Part 2. Cambridge
[5]. University Press, pp: 434..

Abstract: Orexins (OX), OX-A and OX-B, were initially identified as hypothalamic neuropeptides primarily involved in the control of food intake and states of arousal. Thereafter, orexins have been substantiated as putative pleiotropic regulators of a wide diversity of biological systems, including different neuroendocrine axes. Among the latter, compelling experimental evidence has recently been documented that orexins, mainly OX-A, may act at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis to modulate reproductive function. However, orexin neurons are "multi-tasking" neurons that regulate sleep/wake states as well as feeding behavior, emotion, and reward processes. Orexin deficiency causes abnormalities in energy homeostasis, stress-related behavior, and reward systems.............

Keywords: orexin; hypocretin; puberty, sexual behavior, reproductive, hypothalamus, pituitary-gonadal

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Abstract: Human bite injuries are common presentation in the Accident and Emergency room. They are often under reported, present late, and are characterized by soft tissue complications and severe mixed synergistic infections derived from the mouth of the assailant or the skin of the victim. Staphylococcus aureus is isolated in 30% of cases, the hand is commonly affected and there is a risk of transmission life threatening infections like hepatitis B, hepatitis C and to a lesser extent HIV, tetanus, actinimycosis, and treponoma palladium. Despite antibiotic use these patients still develop advanced wound infections............

Keywords: Antibiotics resistance, Complications, Human Bite Infections.

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