iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2017

Abstract: Self-medication is widely practiced among medical students and the influence of knowledge of medicines and diseases may contribute to this as the medical course progresses. This study was conducted to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude and practices towards self- medication between First year MBBS students and Second year of MBBS students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Dakshina Kannada, South India. cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during October – November 2015 with a self- structured and pre-validated questionnaire. Study population consisted of two groups; Group I comprising First year MBBS students (n=149),...........

Keywords: Medical students, Self-medication, Teaching

[1]. Montastruc JL, Bagheri H, Geraud T, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Pharmacovigilance of self- medication, Therapie, 52, 1997, 105-110.

[2]. Hughes CM, McElnay JC, Fleming GF. Benefits and risks of self-medication. Drug Saf , 24, 2001, 1027-37.

[3]. World Health Organization: The role of the pharmacist in self care and self- medication. Available from: http://www.apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/whozip32e/whozip32e.pdf [Last accessed on 2016 Apr 23].

[4]. Hussain S, Malik F, Hameed A, Riaz H. Exploring healthseeking behaviour, medicine use and self-medication in rural and urban Pakistan. Southern Med Rev, 3:32-4.
[5]. Banerjee I, Bhadury T. Self-medication practice among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care medical college, West Bengal. J Postgrad Med, 58, 2012, 127-31.

Abstract: In 1550 Gabriel Fallopius identified the anatomical course of the facial nerve within the temporal bone and recognized the chorda tympani nerve as a branch of the facial nerve. In 1829 Charles Bell properly attributed sensory innervation to the Vth cranial nerve and motor innervation to the VIIth cranial nerve. In 1821, Charles Bell demonstrated that the Vth and the VIIth nerves separately distributed their fibres predominantly to the facial skin and muscles respectively.

[1]. Neurotology. Robert E.Jackler, Derald E.Brackmann; Mosby publication.
[2]. Int. J. Morphol., 27(1) :183-186, 2009
[3]. Anatomy of the Facial Nerve and its Implication in the Surgical Procedures.
[4]. Antonio de Castro Rodrigues; Jesus Carlos Andreo; Laura de Freitas Menezes; Tatiana Pimentel Chinellato & Geraldo Marco Rosa Júnior.
[5]. Int. J. Infectious Diseases; May 2009Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 327–333.

Abstract: Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common medical disorder complicating pregnancy. Two popular recommendations for screening for GDM in India are The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) guidelines and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. This study aims to compare the diagnostic rates of GDM by both these criteria and assess the severity of GDM in patients diagnosed by fasting value vs. non-fasting value.......

Keywords: GDM, DIPSI, IADPSG, Severity of GDM, Fasting Blood Glucose

[1]. Committee on Obstetric practice .Committee opinion no. 504: screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.
ObstetGyncol. 2011 Sep; 118(3):751-3.
[2]. American Diabetic Association. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care 2005; v27suppl 1:S88-S90.
[3]. Seshiah V, Balaji V, Balaji MS, Paneerselvam A, Kapur A .Pregnancy and diabetes scenario around world: India. Int J Gynaecol
Obstet.2009; 104:35-8.
[4]. Seshiah V,Balaji V, Madhuri S Balaji,Sanjeevi CB, Green A. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India. JAssoc Physic of INDIA 2004;
52:707-11.

[5]. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ (1998) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis
and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15:539–553

Abstract: Cerebral metastases rarely occurs following an episode of papillary carcinoma of thyroid. However, it is proven that inadequate or inadequate treatment of papillary carcinoma of thyroid definitely increases the risk of cerebral and/or distant metastases. In fact, statistics show that nearly 18% of patients with a history of papillary thyroid carcinoma suffer from distant metastases and the brain is a likely second location for distant spread. This paper reports a case of papillary carcinoma thyroid which was inadequately treated and now presented with cystic cerebral metastases. We also discuss the incidence of papillary carcinoma of thyroid and brain metastases, risks involved, symptoms, treatment options and overall prognosis regarding the condition.

Keywords: Brain, Cerbral metastases, papillary carcinoma of thyroid.

[1]. Dinneen SF, Valimaki MJ, Bergstralh EJ, Goellner JR, Gorman CA, Hay ID. Distant metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma: 100 cases observed at one institution during 5 decades. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80(7):2041-2045. doi:10.1210/jcem.80.7.7608252.
[2]. Hay ID, McConahey WM, Goellner JR. Managing patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: insights gained from the Mayo Clinic's experience of treating 2,512 consecutive patients during 1940 through 2000. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2002;113:241-260. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12053713. Accessed January 27, 2017

[3]. Chiu AC, Delpassand ES, Sherman SI. Prognosis and treatment of brain metastases in thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(11):3637-3642. doi:10.1210/jcem.82.11.4386.
[4]. Biswal BM, Bal CS, Sandhu MS, Padhy AK, Rath GK. Management of intracranial metastases of differentiated carcinoma of thyroid. J Neurooncol. 1994;22(1):77-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7714554. Accessed January 28, 2017.
[5]. Diyora B, Kamble H, Sharma A, Nayak N. Brain metastasis from papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2010;1(1):55. doi:10.4103/0976-3147.63109

Abstract: Hydatidosis is an endemic disease in sheep rearing countries around the world. Mostly hydatid cysts are seen in liver and lungs. Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst is a very rare disease and it's occurrence with cholelithiasis poses a management dilemma. The approach in cholelithiasis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy while retroperitoneal hydatid cyst is removed laparoscopally or through open surgical approach. Both should be operated separately with emphasis on special care to prevent of implantationof hydatid cysts in the abdominal cavity. Albendazole is the drug of choice which has been used preoperatively to sterilise the cysts as well as post operatively to prevent recurrences after surgery.

Keywords: Hydatid cyst, Echinococcus granulosus, Primary retroperitoneal hydatidosis, Antihelminths.

[1]. Geller DA.(2010) Liver.In: Schwartz SI and Brunicardi CF (Eds.), Schwartz Principles of Surgery. (9th edn.), McGraw-Hill Health Pub. Division, New York, USA, pp. 2083-2159.
[2]. Porwal R, Gupta HP, Singh A, Singh RK. Queer localizations of primary hydatid disease: experience from a single institute. Int Surg J 2016;3:1538-42.
[3]. McGreevy, P.B., and Nelson, G.S.: Larval cestode infections. In Strickland, G.T. (ed.): Hunter's Tropical Medicine, 6th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1984, p. 771
[4]. Jain AKC, Mohan LN, Prahalad ST: Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst .Arch Clin Exp Surg 2016;X:X-X doi:10.5455/aces.20160114125924
[5]. WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis in Humans. Bull World Health Organ 1996; 74:231-242

Abstract: Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal process that can generate symptoms of heartburn and chest pain. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the gold standard for the treatment of dyspepsia; however, a substantial group of dyspepsia patients fail to respond to PPIs(Rabeprazole). In the past, it was believed that acid reflux into the esophagus causes all, or at least the majority, of symptoms attributed to dyspepsia, with both erosive esophagitis and nonerosive outcomes. However, with modern testing techniques it has been shown that, in addition to acid reflux, the reflux of nonacid gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus may also induce dyspepsia symptoms. Here we report 5 cases who were treated on proton pump inhibitors on detailed investigations revealed an alternative cause for dyspepsia.......

Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Heartburn, Proton pump inhibitor

[1]. "dyspepsia" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[2]. Duvnjak, edited by Marko (2011). Dyspepsia in clinical practice(1. Aufl. ed.). New York: Springer. p. 2. ISBN 9781441917300. [3]. Talley NJ, Vakil N (October 2005). "Guidelines for the management of dyspepsia". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100 (10): 2324–doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00225.x. PMID 16181387.

[4]. Zajac, P; Holbrook, A; Super, ME; Vogt, M (March–April 2013). "An overview: Current clinical guidelines for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and management of dyspepsia". Osteopathic Family Physician. 5 (2): 79–85. doi:10.1016/j.osfp.2012.10.005.

[5]. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical guideline 17: Dyspepsia. London, 2004

Abstract: Introduction: Hysterectomy is indicated in several common gynecologic problems and is one of the commonly performed operations in many hospitals of Bangladesh. Though Hysterectomy is a reasonably safe operative procedure but at times minor to major complications may occur. Current study was undertaken to compare the feasibility and safety of abdominal hysterectomy (AH) and vaginal hysterectomy (VH) procedures in the treatment of benign uterine diseases, and to determine the outcomes of both procedures. Objectives: To compare outcomes of vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy procedures in women with benign gynaecological.......

Keywords: Hysterectomy, abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, indications, postoperative outcome, post-operative complications

[1]. Michail S. Papadopoulos, Athanasios C. Tolikas, and Dimosthenis E. Miliaras. Hysterectomy—Current Methods and Alternatives for Benign Indications. Obstetrics and Gynecology International Volume 2010 (2010), Article ID 356740, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/356740.
[2]. Edozien LC. Hysterectomy for benign conditions. BMJ 2005;330(7506):1457–8.
[3]. Kovac SR. Transvaginal hysterectomy: rationale and surgical approach. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 103:1321–5.
[4]. Spilsbury K, Hammond I, Bulsara M, Semmens JB. Morbidity outcomes of 78,577 hysterectomies for benign reasons over 23 years. BJOG 2008; 115:1473–83.
[5]. Silva-Filho AL, Werneck RA, de Magalhães RS, Belo AV, Triginelli SA. Abdominal vs vaginal hysterectomy: a comparative study of the postoperative quality of life and satisfaction. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2006; 274:21–4.

Abstract: Prosthetic mesh infection is catastrophic complication of ventral incisional Hernia (VIH) repair. Sur gical literature was reviewed to determine the risk factor, microbiology and treatment of mesh infection.

Keywords: Mesh Infections; Hernial Repair Treatment.

[1]. Taylor SG, O'Dwyer PJ. Chronic groin sepsis following tension free inguinal hernioplasty. Br J Surg. 1999;86:562-5.
[2]. Mathew MR, Caruso DM, Tsujimura RB, Smilack JD, Pockaj BA, Malone JM. Ventral hernia synthetic mesh repair inected by
Mycobacterium fortuitum. Am Surg. 1999;65:1035-7
[3]. Coring H, Waldner H, Emmerling P, Abele Horn M. Chronic fistulating wound infection after Lichtenstein repair of inguinal hernia,
caused by a small colony variant of Staphylococcus aureus. Der Chirurg. 2001;72:441-3.
[4]. Deysine M. Pathophysiology, prevention and management of prosthetic infections in hernia surgery. SurgClin North Am. 1998;
78:1105-15.
[5]. Troy MG, Dong QS, Dobrin PB, Hecht D. Do tropical antibiotics provide improved prophylaxis against bacterial growth in the
presence of polypropylene mesh? Am J Surg. 1996;171:391-3.

Abstract: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSHE) is a rare entity can have several reasons. Its prevalence in population is 0.1 per 100,000 with the male to female ratio of 1/4:1. For the first time Jackson in 1869 reported a case of SSHE and after that, it was declared as several hundred cases in literatures. Here, a case of SSHE was reported in a 22-year-old male referred to emergency department following severe low back pain.

[1]. Deyo RA, Mirza SK, Martin BI. Back pain prevalence and visit rates: estimates from US national surveys,
2002. Spine. 2006;31(23):2724–7.
[2]. Ghafarzad A, Tagizadieh A, Moharamzadeh P, Majidi G. Thoracic Pneumorrhachis in Patient with Lumbar Fractures; a Case
Report. Emergency. 2014;2(2):96–7.
[3]. Hosseini M, Karami Z, Janzadenh A, et al. The Effect of Intrathecal Administration of Muscimol on Modulation of Neuropathic
Pain Symptoms Resulting from Spinal Cord Injury; a Experimental Study. Emergency.2014;2(4):11–8.
[4]. Binder DK, Sonne DC, Lawton MT. Spinal epidural hematoma. Neurosurg Q. 2004;14(1):51–9.
[5]. Miyagi Y, Miyazono M, Kamikaseda K. Spinal epidural vascular malformation presenting in association with a spontaneously
resolved acute epidural hematoma: Case report. J Neurosurg. 1998;88(5):909–11.

Abstract: Psychological development is a dynamic process. Psychological development begins at birth and proceeds in an ascending order through a series of sequential stages manifesting into various characteristic behaviour. These stages are governed by genetic, familial, cultural, interpersonal and interpsychicfactors. Since most part of the success of the orthodontic treatment lies in the compliance of the patient, it is imperative for an orthodontist to be aware of the emotional health of the patient. Most part of orthodontic treatment involves correction of the dentofacial abnormalities........

Keywords: Motivation; Body image.

[1]. Giddon B. D.: Psychologic problems of physically handicapped. IDJ 1975; 25: 576-581.
[2]. Gershater M. M.: A study of orthodontic problems of 465 emotionally disturbed children. Thesis, 1954.
[3]. Brandhorst O. W.: Will orthodontics become a part of contemplated government health program for children? J. D. Educ. 1946; 10; 138-143.
[4]. Heidi K., Hannu H., Tallervo L. and William C. S: The influence of incisal malocclusion on the social attractiveness of young adults in Finland. Eur. J. Orthod. 1995; 17: 505-512.
[5]. Ceib Phillips, Elizabeth Bennett and Hillary L. Broder: Angle Orthod. 1998; 68 (6): 547-555.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate and compare the characteristics of spinal block, its postoperative analgesic effects, using intrathecal inj. Bupivacaine 0.5% and its combination with nalbuphine or buprenorphine in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Methods: Sixty patients aged 30-60years scheduled for elective lower abdominal surgeries randomly received hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% 2.6 ml (group BN control, n = 30) with buprenorphine 60 micrograms [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED], or nalbuphine 0.8mg [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% 2.6 ml(group BN, n = 30). Characteristics of spinal block, hemodynamic stability, postoperative analgesia............

Keywords: Inj.Bupivacaine 0.5%, inj. Buprenorphine, inj. nalbuphine, 25G spinal needle, 5ml disposable syringe, lower abdominal surgeries

[1]. Veering B. Focus on Adjuvants in regional Anaesthesia. Euro Anesthesia 2005;28-31:217-21.
[2]. Morgan M. The rational use of intrathecal and extradural opioids. Br J Anaesth 1989;63:165-88.
[3]. De Souza EB, Schmidt WK, Kuhar MJ. Nalbuphine: An autoradiographic opioid receptor binding profile in the central nervous system of an agonist/antagonist analgesic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988;244:391-402.
[4]. Seyed Mozaffar Rabiee, MD,1 Ebrahim Alijanpour, MD, Benefits of using intrathecal buprenorphine, Caspian J Intern Med. 2014 Summer; 5(3): 143–147.
[5]. Bromage PR. Epidural analgesia. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1978.

Abstract: Fibroid is the commonest benign tumour of uterus in reproductive age women. It causes symptoms like menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, pressure effects, infertility etc. impairing the women's day today activity. Uterine artery embolism is an emerging tecniqunic which is a non invasive procedure with short hospitalisation and early recovery. It preserves uterus and also improves the symptoms. This study is a prospective interventional trial which is done to find the effectiveness of the procedure in terms of improvement in symptoms like menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea and pressure symptoms............

Keywords: Fibroids, uterine artery embolisation, uterine fibroid embolistion, seldingers technique, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea

[1]. Marshall LM ,Spiegeiman D,Barbieri et al. Variation in the incidence of uterine lieomyoma Camoung premenopausal woman by
age and race . Obstet gynecol 1997;94:967-973
[2]. Day Baird D,Dunson DB ,Hill MC,et al. Incidence of lieomyoma: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet gynecol 2003:188:100-107
[3]. Robert I. White, MD, "Interventional Radiology: Reflections and Expectations", Radiology, 1987; 162: 593-600.
[4]. Pelage JP, Soyer P, Dref OL et al. Uterine arteries: bilateral catheterization with a single femoral approach and a single 5F
catheter – Technical Note. Radiology 1999; 210: 573–75.
[5]. Hallberg L, Nilsson L. Determination of menstrual blood loss. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1964; 16: 244–248.

Abstract: Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the rationale for failure of endodontic treatments radiographically. Methods: Radiographic evaluation of fifty patients (86 root canals) with failed endodontic treatment was done. Various reasons for failure of endodontic treatment like dislodged coronal seal, underfilled canals, poor quality of fillings, untreated canals and procedural errors during treatment were evaluated. Chi square test was used to determine statistical analysis between different parameters............

Keywords: endodontic failure, radiographic evaluation, procedural errors, under fillings, endodontic treatment.

[1]. Ashley M, Harris I. The assessment of the endodontically treated tooth. Dent Update. 2001;28:247–52.
[2]. Lin LM, Skribner JE, Gaengler P. Factors associated with endodontic treatment failures. J Endod. 1992;18:625–7.
[3]. Lin LM, Pascon EA, Skribner J, Gängler P, Langeland K. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic study of endodontic treatment
failures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;71:603–11.
[4]. Kerekes K, Tronstad L. Long-term results of endodontic treatment performed with a standardized technique. J Endod. 1979;5:83–
90.
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Abstract: Purpose: To investigate changes of dry eye, test results in patients who underwent pterygium surgery. Methods. Eighty patients who underwent primary pterygium surgery were enrolled in this study, from march 2014 toMarch 2015. At the baseline, 3-, 12-, and 18-month visits, measurements of BUT, and Schirmer test were performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium did not recur, and Group 2, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium recurred after surgery. Results:............

Keywords: Pterygium, But Test, Schirmer Test,Dry Eye,Uv Rays

[1]. J. D. Zhang, "An investigation of aetiology and heredity of pterygium. Report of 11 cases in a family," Acta Ophthalmologica, vol.
65, no. 4, pp. 413–416, 1987.
[2]. L. Goldberg and R. David, "Pterygium and its relationship to the dry eye in the Bantu," British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 60,
no. 10, pp. 720–721, 1976.
[3]. S. Wang, B. Jiang, and Y. Gu, "Changes of tear film function after pterygium operation," Ophthalmic Research, vol. 45, no. 4, pp.
210–215, 2011.
[4]. W. D. Mathers, "Why the eye becomes dry: a cornea and lacrimal gland feedback model," CLAO Journal, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 159–
165, 2000.
[5]. M. A. Lemp, C. Baudouin, J. Baum et al., "The definition and classification of dry eye disease: Report of the definition and
classification subcommittee of the international Dry Eye WorkShop (2007)," Ocular Surface, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 75–92, 2007.

Abstract: Background: Hypothyroidism represents a syndrome complex in which multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system, are affected. Aim: The study was conducted to determine the changes in brainstem auditory evoked potentials in patients with hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: A case control study was conducted on 50 known cases of hypothyroidism, aged 20-50 years, and 50 healthy, age-matched, normal subjects. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were recorded and results were analysed statistically using student's paired t-test. The data consisted of wave latencies I,II,III,IV, V; interpeak latencies I-III,I-V,III-V and amplitudes Ia,Va, V/I, separately for both ears:............

Keywords: BAEP,Evoked potentials, Hypothyroidism

[1]. Silverthorn, Dee Unglaub. Endocrine control of growth and metabolism. In: Human physiology: an integrated approach. 5thedi. Pearson Education, Inc. 2010; 23:764-68.
[2]. Longo, Fauci, Kasper, Hauser, Jameson, Loscalzo. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland. In: Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine.18thedi. McGraw-Hill. 2012;341:2911-19.
[3]. Hall J.E. Thyroid Metabolic Hormones. In: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12thedi. Elsevier. 2011;76:917.
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Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common cancer with high mortality worldwide.Highrate of GC deaths reported in China, Japan, and Korea. There are 56% new cases from Eastern Asia,41% from China,and11% from Japan. The common causes of GC include Helicobacter pylori infection which accounts for 60% of cases, pickled vegetables, smoking, alcohol intake and genetics. GC is often asymptomatic or nonspecific symptoms. Early symptoms are associated with indigestion, heartburn, abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool (melena],and weight loss. Patient's history and endoscopic examination is the diagnostic method:............

Keywords: Gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori, Diagnosis, Management.

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Abstract: To know the epidemiological profile, frequency and indications of different types of nephrectomy performed at BPKIHS, a retrospective study. Materials and Methods: There were a total of 63 patients who underwent Nephrectomy at BPKIHS from 2068 B.S to 2072 B.S The file of patients that was collected from the authorities from hospital record section was used to obtain necessary data for research purpose. All the details from files of every patient were collected and were filled up in predesigned proforma. All the information provided was kept confidential and was assessed and the personal information was not shared to anyone outside. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and converted into SPSS (statistical package for social science) 11.5 version for statistical analysis......

[1]. Abdulkareem, A.S., B. Hassawi and Z. Ahmed, 'Nephrectomy, A clinicopathological study', Journal of American Science, vol. 11, no. 8, 2015, pp. 97-101.
[2]. Aiman, A., K. Singh and M. Yasir, 'Histopathological spectrum of lesions in nephrectomy specimens: A five-year experience in a tertiary care hospital', J SciSoc, vol. 40, 2013, pp. 148-54.
[3]. Andualem, D., B. Teklebrihan and C. Wuletaw, 'Indications, Complications and Mortality of Nephrectomy in TikurAnbesa General Specialized Hospital', East and Central African Journal of Surgery, vol. 17, no. 3, 2012, pp. 92-7 [4]. Cameron, J. S. Kidney Failure: The Facts. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999
[5]. Datta, B. et al., 'Analysis of 88 nephrectomies in a rural tertiary care center of India', Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, vol. 23, 2012, pp. 409-13.