iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2017

Abstract: Cardiogenic embolism is a major cause of stroke and often leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke and its risk factors, diagnosis and therapy; some case scenarios still present a real challenge for the treating physicians. We report a case of a 38 year old male patient presenting with multi-territory cerebral infarctions due to a left ventricular mobile thrombus complicated by pulseless right arm later investigated and diagnosed............

Key words:-Stroke, Cardioembolism, Mobile thrombus, Takayasu's arteritis, Echocardiography, Multidisciplinary approach

[1]. Mohr JP, Caplan LR, Melski JW, Goldstein RJ, Duncan GW, Kistler JP, et al. The Harvard Cooperative Stroke Registry: a
prospective registry. Neurology 1978. Aug;28(8):754-762 10.1212/WNL.28.8.754
[2]. Robertson JT. Neck manipulation as a cause of stroke. Stroke 1981. Jan-Feb;12(1):1 10.1161/01.STR.12.1.1
[3]. Cerebral Embolism Task Force Cardiogenic brain embolism. Arch Neurol 1986. Jan;43(1):71-84
10.1001/archneur.1986.00520010065026
[4]. Cerebral Embolism Task Force Cardiogenic brain embolism. The second report of the Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Arch
Neurol 1989. Jul;46(7):727-743 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520430021013
[5]. Stratton JR. Common causes of cardiac emboli–left ventricular thrombi and atrial fibrillation. West J Med 1989. Aug;151(2):172-
179

Abstract: Occurrence of glomerular disease in psoriasis is rare, though the number of case reports is increasing in the recent years. Different types of glomerular involvement have been reported but mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits is common in association with psoriasis. The term 'psoriatic nephropathy' has been introduced recently. We contribute a case to the on-going discussion regarding psoriatic nephropathy. Our patient had mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA (3+), IgG (1+) IgM(2+) and C3(2+) in association with psoriasis. The patient was managed on maintenance haemodialysis and immunosuppressive therapy (cyclophosphamide).

[1]. Julian BA, Wyatt RJ, Matousovic K, Moldoveanu Z, Mestecky J, Novak J: IgA nephropathy: A clinical overview. ContribNephrol
2007; 157: 19-26
[2]. Singh NP, Prakash A, Kubba S, Ganguli A, Singh AK, Sikdar S, Agarwal SK, Dinda AK, Grover C: Psoriatic nephropathy does an
entity exist? Ren Fail 2005; 27: 123-127
[3]. Yamamoto M, Yorioka T, Kawada M, Nishimura K, Kumon Y, Yasuoka N, Suehiro T, Hashimoto K: A case of IgA nephropathy
associated with psoriasis vulgaris. Nippon JinzoGakkai Shi 1994; 36: 779-783
[4]. Sirolli V, Bonomini M: Glomerulopathies associated with psoriasis: A report of three cases. Nephron 2000; 86: 89-90

Abstract: Tuberculosis which is caused by bacteria of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is one of the oldest disease known to affects humans and a major cause of death worldwide.Tuberculosis of cns results from the hematogenous spread of primary or post primary TB or from the rupture of subependymal tubercule into the subarachnoid space.In more than half of the cases, evidence of old pulmonary lesion or a military pattern is found on chest radiography. The disease often present subtly as headache and slight mental changes after a prodrome of weeks of low grade fever, malaise, anorexia and irritability.

..............

Abstract:Successful root canal treatment depends on proper biomechanical preparation of all the canals in the concerned tooth so as to receive 3-D filling with an inert obturating material. Problems in clinical practice are encountered when anatomically different teeth are supposed to undergo root canal therapy. Mandibular molar normally has two roots (mesial and distal) and three canals ( mesio-lingual, mesio-buccal and distal ). When an extra root is present lingually, it is termed radix-entomolaris. It is of prime importance to clean and shape the canal present in this extra root for a successful root canal treatment of the same. Failure to do so won't give desired results which hence emphasizes the need to have knowledge regarding such anatomical variants.

Keywords: Anatomical variations, Mandibular molar, Radix entomolaris

[1] Prabhu NT, Munshi AK. Additional distal root in permanent mandibular first molars: report of a case. Quintessence International
1995; 26(8): 567-9.
[2] Segura-Egea JJ, Jimenez-Pinzon A, Rios-Santos JV. Endodontic therapy in a 3-rooted mandibular fi rst molar: Importance of a
thorough radiographic examination. J Can Dent Assoc 2002; 68(9): 541-4.
[3] Tu MG, Huang HL, HsueSS et al . Detection of permanent three-rooted mandibular first molar by cone-beam computed
tomography imaging in Taiwanese individuals. J Endod 2009; 35: 503–7.
[4] Wasti F, Shearer AC, Wilson NHF. Root canal systems of the mandibular and maxillary first permanent molar teeth of south Asian
Pakistanis.IntEndod J. 2001; 34:263–6.
[5] De Moore RJ, Deroose CA, Calberson FL. The radix entomolaris in mandibular first molar: an endodontiic challenge. IntEndod J.
2004; 37:789-99.

Abstract: Introduction: Postanesthetic shivering is one of the common problems following general anesthesia and an accompanying part of general anesthesia with different unpleasant and stressful consequences for patients undergoing surgery. Postoperative shivering may lead to multiple complications. Hence, its proper management is necessary for both treatment and prevention . This study aim was to compare the prophylactic effects of ketamine and pethidine in preventing postoperative shivering in general anesthesia.............

Keywords: Ketamine; Pethidine, Postoperative shivering, general anesthesia.

[1] Piper SN, Rohm KD, Suttner SW, Maleck WH, Kranke P, Boldt J. A comparison of nefopam and clonidine for the prevention of postanaesthetic shivering: a comparative, doubleblind and placebo-controlled dose-ranging study. Anaesthesia 2004; 59(6): 559-64.
[2] Macario A, Weinger M, Truong P, Lee M. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are both common and important to avoid? The perspective of a panel of expert anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg[1999; 88(5): 1085-91.
[3] Roy JD. Postoperative shivering. Anesthesiology Rounds 2004;3(6): 56-60.
[4] Macario A, Weinger M, Carney S, Kim A. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients. Anesth Analg. 1999; 89(3): 625-8.
[5] Dabir SH, Radpey BAZ, Parsa T. Evaluation of the incidence of postane-sthesia shivering. Journal of Iranian Society Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. 2006; 28(1): 60-9.

Abstract: Japanese Encephalitis is increasingly becoming a major cause of viral encephalitis in many countries of Asia including India. Though initially thought to be sporadic, cases are found all year around in Jharkhand. There is no specific drug against the virus as of yet hence, without high level supportive care the mortality can be as high as 42% especially in children and elderly.This study encompasses 14 proven cases of Japanese Encephalitis admittedfrom September 2015 to October 2016 in Unit-II of Department of Paediatrics, RIMS, Ranchi. This is an observational study.............

Keywords: Acute Encephalitic Syndrome, Japanese Encephalitis, spectrum analysis

[1] Scott B Halstead..Japanese Encephalitis..Kleigman RM,Behrman RE, Stanton BF, Schor NF, Geme III JW, Nelson Textbook of
Pediatrics, 20thEdition, Elsevier, 2016: 1627.
[2] Media Centre, Japanese Encephalitis..Factsheet No. 386, December 2015 [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs386/en/]
[3] Young PR, Lisa F P NG, Hall RA, Smith DW, Johansen CAArbovirusInfections..Farrar J, Hotez PJ, Junghans T, Kang G, Lalloo D,
White N..Mansons Tropical Diseases, 23rd Edition, Elsevier, 2014: 129-161
[4] Basumatary LJ, Raja D, Bhuyan D, Das M, Goswami M, Kayal AK, Clinical and radiological spectrum of Japanese Encephalitis,
Journal of Neurological Sciences-Elsevier, 2013 Feb 15: 325(1-2), 15-21
[5] Kakoti G, Dutta P, Ram Das B, Borah J, Mahanta J, Clinial profile and outcome of Japanese Encephalitis in children admitted with
Acute encephalitic syndrome, BioMed Research International, 2013: 2013, 152656

Abstract: Background And Objective Hashimoto's thyroidits is a common cause of goitrous enlargement with hypothyroidism. This study was done to study various clinical presentation with thyroid function and to diagnose and treat the cases with thyroxine and how manycases wanted surgical procedure. METHODS: Patients presenting to surgical out patient with goitrous enlargement were subjected to hormonal assay and FNAC. If FNAC showed features of lymhocytic infiltration they were subjected to autoantibody titers. All the patients with Hashimoto's thyroidits were put on Thyroxine............

Keywords: FNAC – Fine needle aspiration cytology, Goitre, Hashimotos, Multinodular

[1]. Sharma AK, Paliwal RK, and Pendse AK. "Hashimoto's Thyroiditis - Clinical Review". Journal of Post Graduate Medicine, 1990;
36 (2) : 87 – 90.
[2]. Joesph TM and Joseph LBM. " Thyroiditis". Indian Journal Of Surgery, 1967; 29: 293 –307.
[3]. Fenn AS, Job Ck, and Elizabeth George. " Hashimoto's thyroiditis", Indian Journal of Surgery, 1980; 4: 123-125.
[4]. Lakshmana Rao K. M. and Reddy S . S . " Hashimoto's disease – A Clinicopathological Study". Indian Journal Of Surgery,
December 1983 ; ( 45) : 693 – 695.
[5]. Rao .K .S. "Hashimoto's Disease ( A Clinical – Pathological Study)". The Clinician, May 1978; Volume 42, (5): 184 – 192.

Abstract: Penoscrotal avulsion injuries unless associated with the other injuries, is rarely life threatening. However it can put enormous physical, sexual and psychological difficulty to the victims1. The study was conducted at Christian Medical College, Ludhiana over a 20 year period from 1991 to 2010. Twenty eight patients with peno-scrotal avulsion injury, were enrolled in the study. Based on our experience in managing these patients we propose a classification for "Penoscrotal Avulsion" injuries. This classification, in future, might also be helpful in developing protocols for management of these injuries

Keywords: Avulsion injuries, Classification, Penoscrotum, Penile Reconstruction, Testicular reimplant

[1]. Finical SJ ,Arnold PG. Care of the degloved penis and scrotum: a 25 year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg,104 (7): 1999,2074-8.
[2]. Genscosmanoglu R, Bilkay U, Alper M,Gurler T, Cagdas A. Late results of split-grafted penoscrotal avulsion injuries.
J Trauma,39(6),1995, 1201-1203.
[3]. Brown JB, Fryer MP. Peno scrotal skin losses, repaired by implantation and free skin grafting: Report of known normal offspring.
Ann surg ,145(5), 1957,656-664.
[4]. Tripathi, F.M. et al. Traumatic avulsion of penile and scrotal skin. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 35(30) ,1982,302 – 303.
[5]. M Rashid, S Sarwar. Avulsion injuries of the male external genitalia: Classification and reconstruction with the customized radial
forearm free flap. Br. J Plast Surg,58( 5),2005,585 -592.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism in particular due to deficiency of insulin. The glycogen formation as well as glucose utilization are profoundly affected in diabetes mellitus. Diallyldisulphide (DADS), an important disulphide of garlic oil, is known to improve glycemic conditions in diabetic animals, but its specific action on glycogen metabolism is not well understood. Hence a study was undertaken to assess the effects of DADS on liver glycogenolysis in alloxan diabetic rats.................

Keywords: Alloxan, Diabetes Mellitus, DADS, Glycogen breakdown.

[1]. American Diabetes Association. "Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus." Diabetes care 29.1 (2006): S43.
[2]. Altan, V. Melih. "The pharmacology of diabetic complications." Current medicinal chemistry 10.15 (2003): 1317-1327.
[3]. Gold, Alvin H. "The effect of diabetes and insulin on liver glycogen synthetase activation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 245.4
(1970): 903-905.
[4]. Ortmeyer, HEIDI K., N. L. Bodkin, and BARBARA C. Hansen. "Insulin regulates liver glycogen synthase and glycogen
phosphorylase activity reciprocally in rhesus monkeys." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism 272.1
(1997): E133-E138.
[5]. Augusti, K. T. "Therapeutic values of onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.)." Indian journal of experimental
biology 34.7 (1996): 634-640.

Abstract: Enteropathic arthritis (EA) is a spondyloarthritis (SpA) which occurs in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and other gastrointestinal diseases. Diagnosis is generally established on the medical history and physical examination. It was, generally, made according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) criteria. Rheumatic manifestations are the most frequent extraintestinal findings of IBD with a prevalence between 17% and 39%.

[1]. M. Leirisalo-Repo, "Enteropathic arthritis, Whipple's disease, juvenile spondyloarthropathy, and uveitis," Current Opinion in
Rheumatology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 385–390, 1994.
[2]. A. Orlando, S. Renna, G. Perricone, and M. Cottone, "Gastrointestinal lesions associated with spondyloarthropathies," World
Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 15, no. 20, pp. 2443–2448, 2009.
[3]. J. A. Bargen, R. J. Jackman, and J. G. Kerr, "Complications and sequel of chronic ulcerative colitis," Annals of Internal Medicine,
vol. 3, pp. 335–352, 1929.
[4]. P. S. Hench, "Acute and chronic arthritis," in Nelson's Loose Leaf of Surgery, G. H. Whipple, Ed., p. 104, Thomas Nelson Sons ,
New York, NY, USA, 1935.
[5]. B. S. Blumberg, J. J. Bunim, E. Calkins, C. L. Pirani, and N. J. Zvaifler, "Aranomenclature and classification of arthritis and
rheumatism (tentative)," Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 7, pp. 93–97, 1964.

Abstract: For over a century, Candacraig House in Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar has been a luxury mansion used as an executive residence and sumptuous hotel, with a brief period when it was used as a hospital by the Japanese during their occupation of Burma in the Second World War. It is rumoured to be haunted, perhaps by the casualties of war. Death and disease and use of Candacraig House as a hospital during the Burma Campaign are discussed with parallels of today.

[1]. http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/causes_death/top_10/en/
[2]. http://www.candacraighouse.com/en/history
[3]. http://www.pyinoolwin.info/
[4]. Orwell G. Homage to Catalonia Secker and Warburg, London 1938
[5]. Theroux P. The Great Railway Bazaar. Hamish Hamilton, London 1975

Abstract: Purpose of the study: The present study examines whether maternal thyroid hormone function during later weeks of gestation is related with preeclampsia in a cross sectional view. Methods: This hospital based observational, prospective comparative study was conducted in the Dept. of Obs and Gynae , Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, Bankura, India ( under West Bengal University of Health Sciences) from April 2014 to March 2015. 200 primigravida mothers attending OPD/admitted in indoor matched with age and parity of gestational age 36 to 41 wks were included in the study in two groups –Group A- Normotensive (N=100) And Group B- Preeclamptic (N=100)...........

Keywords: preeclampsia, serum thyroid profile

[1]. James PR, Nelson-Piercy C. Management of hypertension before, during and after pregnancy. Heart.2004; 90:1499-1504.
[2]. NHBPEP (National High Blood Pressure Education Program) Working Group on High Blood Pressure. Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group in High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet gynecol. 2000; 183:S1-S22.
[3]. Smallridge RC, Glinoer D, Hollowell JG, Brent G: Thyroid function inside and outside of pregnancy: What do we know and what don't we know?Thyroid.2005;15:54
[4]. Glinoer D, de Nayer P, Bourdoux P, et al. Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1990; 71:276.
[5]. Grossman M, Weintraub BD, Szkudlinski MW: Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of human thyrotropin action: Structural, physiological, and therapeutic implications for the glycoprotein hormone family.Endocr.Rev1997; 18:476.

Abstract: Pneumonia remains the leading single cause of childhood mortality. It's associated with several complications and the commonest metabolic complication being hyponatremia. Studies done in the western countries have reported a high prevalence of hyponatremia, an indicator of disease severity .No study has been done to evaluate the prevalence of hyponatremia in children in kerala
Objectives : The objectives of this study were; 1, Determine the prevalence of hyponatremia in children aged two months to twelve years admitted with pneumonia at TDMC Alappuzha. 2, Describe selected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children with hyponatremia. 3,Determine the association of hyponatremia and severity of pneumonia...........

Keywords: hyponatremia , pneumonia

[1]. Wardlaw, Tessa M.; Johansson, Emily White; Hodge, Matthew; World Health Organization; UNICEF. Pneumonia: the forgotten
killer of children
[2]. S.D.Subba Rao, Biju Thomas. Electrolyte abnormalities in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Indian Pediatr.2000;
37:1348-1353.
[3]. Prasad SV, Singhi S, Chugh KS. Hyponatremia in sick children seeking pediatric emergency care. Indian Pediatr. Mar
1994;31(3):287-94.
[4]. Singhis, Dhawan A. frequency and significance of electrolyte abnormalities in pneumonia. Indian Pediatr.1992 Jun; 29(6):735-40.
[5]. Rivers PAR, Forsling LM, Olver PR. Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in infants with respiratory infections. Arch Dis
Child 1981, 56:358-363..

Abstract: Background: Feed intolerance during early postnatal period is common in newborn with meconium stained aminotic fluid. Present study (A randomized control trail) conducted with an objective to find out incidence of feed intolerance in early postnatal period in term vigorous newborn with MSAF who received gastric lavage as compared with those who not received gastric lavage. Method: Randomized control trail was conducted on 498 neonate born in nalanda medical college and hospital satisfying inclusion criteria. Randomally allotted 229 newborn for gastric lavage and 269 for no gastric lavage. Result: No significant difference in incidence of early post natal period vomiting was found in two group..........

Keywords: Gastric lavage not required in newborn with meconium stained amniotic fluid.

[1]. Cleary GM, Wiswell TE. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and the meconiumaspiration syndrome.An update. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1998;45:511–29.
[2]. Wiswell TE. Handling the meconium-stained infant. Semin Neonatol.2001;6:225–31.
[3]. Narchi H, Kulaylat N. Feeding problems with the first feed in neonates withmeconium stained amniotic fluid. Paediatr Child Health. 1999;4:327–30.
[4]. Desmond MM, Rudolph AJ, Phitaksphraiwan P. The transitional care nursery.A mechanism for preventive medicine in the newborn. Pediatr Clin NorthAm. 1966;13:651–68.
[5]. Bonnard A, Carricaburu E, Sapin E. Traumatic pharyngoesophagealperforation in newborn infants. Arch Pediatr. 1997;4:737–43..

Abstract: Objective: We aimed to investigate refraction in patients who were recently diagnosed with diabetes and treated at our centre. Methods: This prospective study was performed from august 2015 to December 2016. Patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus using laboratory biochemical tests and clinical examination. Venous fasting plasma glucose (fpg) levels were measured along with refractive errors. Two measurements were taken: initially and after four weeks. The last difference between the initial and end refractive measurements were evaluated...........

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Fasting plasma glucose (fpg) , Hyperopia, Refractive error.

[1]. Eva, P . R., Pascoe, P . T . and V aughan, D. G. (1982): Refractive change in hyperglycemia: hyperopia, not myopia. Br . J Ophthalmol, 66:500-5.
[2]. Wiemer , N. G., Eekhoff, E. M., Simsek, S. and Heine, R. J. (2008): The effect of acute hyperglycemia on retinal thickness and ocular refraction in healthy subjects. Graefe's Arch. Clin. Expt. Ophthalmol, 246(S): 703-8.
[3]. Daniel GV, Taylor A. General Ophthalmology. 4th Fourteenth edition. A. Lange medical book. 1995:306-309.
[4]. Robert KM, Daryl KG, Peter AM, Victor WR. Harper's Biochemistry. Gluconeogenesis and control of the blood glucose. International Edition 25 th Edition. A Lange Medical Book. Chapter 21: 2000:216-217.
[5]. Daniel G. V, Taylor A. General Ophthalmology. 4th Fourteenth edition. Paul R. E. A. Lange medical book. 1995:364-365.

Abstract: Role of Doppler analysis of uteroplacental and fetal circulation in IUGR with respect to analyzing the immediate neonatal outcome and optimizing the time of delivery . Introduction: The most common method to evaluate health in fetuses identified as small for gestational age(SGA) are the BPP and NST. Neither of these are sensitive in producing poor outcome in IUGR. So we use color Doppler for this. It has become the gold standard in the management of the growth restricted fetus13,14 . In this study we use Doppler studies of umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine artery, and fetal aorta to identify IUGR fetuses and to avoid iatrogenic harm to them or their mothers)...........

Keywords: Umbilical artery, Middle cerebral artery, Uterine artery, fetal aorta , Color Doppler

[1]. Cunningham FG , Gant NF, Leveno Williams Obstetrics 20th Edition , Chapter 36 Page No 839 – 850
[2]. Harold Schulman and Zeev Weiner in Clinical applications of Doppler ultrasound 2nd edition . Edited by KJW Taylor P.N Burns and P.N.T Wells . Raven press Ltd Newyork 1995chapter 12; page No 255.
[3]. Arduini D , Rizzo G , Romanini C et al .Uteroplacental blood flow velocity waveforms as predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension Eur. J. Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1987 December ; 26(4) ; 335-41
[4]. Copel JA ,Reed KL Doppler ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Raven press Ltd New York 1995
[5]. Arduini D, Rizzo G , Umbilical artery velocity waveform in early pregnancy . A trans vaginal color Doppler study J clinical ultrasound 199; 19: 335-339..

Abstract: Success of endodontic treatment requires the knowledge and morphology of root canal anatomy. Undetected additional canals in mandibular premolar is a common reason for endodontic failure. This presents with diagnostic difficulty and subsequent flare ups and poor prognosis. Location of additional canals is the key to successful endodontic management. This case report describes endodontic management with unusual morphological variations in canal anatomy of mandibular second premolar with two canals..........

Keywords: Aberrant anatomy, mandibular second premolar, morphologic variations, two canals.

[1]. Rodig T, Hulsmann M. Diagnosis and root canal treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. IntEndod J
2003;36:912-919.
[2]. Gandhi B, Patil AC. Root canal treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three roots and canals-an anatomic variation. J
Dent 2013;10(6):569-574.
[3]. Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CCS. The root and root canal morphology of the human mandibular second premolar: a literature
review. J Endod 2007;33:1031–1037
[4]. Kottoor J, Albuquerque D, Velmurugan N, Kuruvilla J. Root anatomy and root canal configuration of human permanent mandibular
premolars: a systematic review. Anat Res Int 2013;1-14.
[5]. Mokhtari H, Niknami M,Zand V. Managing a mandibular second premolar with three-canal and taurodontism: a case report. Iranian
Endod J 2013;8(1):25-28.

Abstract: Background: Smoking has acute deleterious effects on the blood pressure and sympathetic tone, and it reduces the myocardial oxygen supply. HRV is recognized as an effective and noninvasive tool for evaluating autonomic nervous system regulations of the heart. AIM: The aim of our study was to observe the effect of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability in healthy adult smokers in the age group of 20 -60 years. Material And Method: A cross-sectional (observational) study was conducted on 60 healthy adult smokers and 60 healthy non- smokers in the age group of 20-60 years. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was recorded by Physio Pac (PC-2004). The data consisted of anthropometric parameters analysis..........

Keywords: HRV, Smokers, SDNN, pNN50, LF/HF ratio.

[1]. Saleheen D, Zhao W, Rasheed A. Epidemiology and public health policy of tobacco use and cardiovascular disorders in low- and middle- income countries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(9):1811-9.
[2]. Newspaper report: The Times of India, Health for the millions, New Delhi, 11 March 2010.
[3]. Shenwai MR, Aundhakar NV. Effects of cigarette smoking on various haematological parameters in young male smokers. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research. 2012;2(5):386-92.
[4]. Prasad DS, Kabir Z, Dash AK, Das BC. Smoking and cardiovascular health: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control of tobacco. Indian J Med Sci. 2009;63(11):520-33.
[5]. Bazzano LA, He J, Muntner P, Vupputuri S, Whelton PK. Relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(11):891-7.

Abstract: Foreign body aspiration is worldwide health problem which can result in life threatening complications especially in pediatric patients which demand immediate action and management has got lot of significance. As such accidents due to inhalation of foreign bodies continue to take formidable toll of lives every year. This study is about our experience with fifty foreign bodies in laryngotrachea bronchial tree. The occurrence of foreign bodies in air passages is an emergency problem both in adults & children. They are mostly accidental, negligence..........

Keywords: FB – Foreign body, CT - Computed tomography, MRI – Magnetic resonance imaging, Exogenous Endogenous, Bronchus, Otolaryngologist.

[1]. Wolach B, Raz A, Weinberg J, Mikulski Y, Ben Ari J, Sadan N. Aspirated foreign bodies in the respiratory tract of children: eleven
years of experience with 127 patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1994;30: 1-10.
[2]. Blaser S, Naveh Y, Friedman A. Foreign body in the air-way: a review of 200 cases. Am J Dis Child 1980;134:68-71.
[3]. Cohen SR, Lewis GB, Herbert WI, Geller KA. Foreign bodies in air-way-five year retrospective study with special reference to
management. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1980;89:437-42.
[4]. Esclamado RM, Richardson MA. Laryngotracheal foreign bodies in children: a comparison with bronchial foreign bodies. Am J Dis
Child 1987;141:259-62.
[5]. Mantel K, Butenandt I. Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in childhood: a report of 224 cases. Eur J Pediatr 1986;145:211-6.

Abstract: IUCD is one of the most effective reversible contraceptive method. The overall effectiveness of IUCD and oral contraceptives are about the same in family planning programme.1 A number of cases of uterine perforation by IUCD have been reported and the incidence ranges from 1:150 to 1:9000 insertions.2 But it is the most serious complication associated with IUCD. The availability of minimally invasive techniques(laparoscopy and hysteroscopy) have improved the prognosis.A case of displaced IUCD admitted to AMRI hospital Bhubaneswar in february 2017 was studied and reported here. The IUCD migrated adjacent to right ovary.

[1]. Liskin, L.ed (1982) intrauterine device, The john Hopkins university (population report series B:4).
[2]. Padma Rao, K. (1972). J.OBG of india, 22:268.
[3]. Snowden R.et al(1977). The IUD, A practice guide Croom Helm, London.
[4]. Hutchings, J.E et al (1985) international family planning perspectives, 11(3) 77-85.
[5]. WHO (1971). Techn. Rep.Ser, No.473

Abstract: Background:Conscious sedation provides calm and cooperative patient for interventional procedures. We compared dexmedetomidineand propofolin combination with fentanylfor conscious sedation during cardiac catheterization of adult patients. Methods:Sixty patients of aged 30-60 years, American society of anaesthesiologist Grade II or III scheduled for cardiac catheterization were randomly divided in two groups of 30 each. Group D receiveddexmeditomidine1μg/kg i.v. over 10 mins followed by infusion dose of 0.5μg/kg/hr. Group Preceived propofol 100μg/kg i.v over 1 min followed by infusion dose of 50μg/kg/min. Fentanyl 1μg/kg was given toall patients.Ramsay's sedation score(RSS),intra-operative hemodynamic parameter..........

Keywords: Dexmeditomidine, propofol, catheterization laboratory, conscious sedation.

[1]. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Continuum of Depth of Sedation: Definition ofGeneral Anesthesia and Levels of
Sedation/Analgesia. 2004. Available at: http://www.asahq.org/publications and services/standards/ 20.pdf (accessed 12 November
2011).
[2]. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non- Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for
sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists.Anesthesiology, 2002;96:1004–17.
[3]. Patel S, Vargo JJ, Khandwala L, Lopez R, Trolli P, Dumot JA et al. Deep sedation occurs frequently during electiveendoscopy with
meperidine and midazolam. Am J Gastroenterol, 2005;100:2689–95.
[4]. Morray JP, Lynn AM, Stamm SJ, Herndon PS, Kawabori I, Stevenson JG. Hemodynamic effects ofketamine in children with
congenital heart disease Anesth Analg.1984; 63: 895–9.
[5]. Williams GD, Jones TK, Hanson KA, Morray JP. The hemodynamic effects of propofol in children withcongenital heart disease
Anesth Analg.1999; 89:1411–6.

Abstract: Balantidium coli is a known fecal pathogen causing dysentery, abdominal pain and weight loss. It can though rarely cause urinary tract infection. Differentiating between the two is very essential as many urinary samples received are contaminated with fecal pathogens. B. coli in urine should always alert the pathologist because urinary balantidiasis is in itself very rare, so fecal contamination must first be ruled out. We have seen two cases in 2 years where one of the case was suffering from urinary balantidiasis while the other was due to fecal contamination.

Keywords: Urinary balantidiasis, fecal contaminant, urine microscopy

[1]. Schuster FL, Ramirez-Avila L. Current world status of Balantidium coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008;21:626-38.

[2]. Ramachandran, Ambili (23 May 2003). "Introduction". The Parasite: Balantidium coli The Disease: Balantidiasis. ParaSite. Stanford University.

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Abstract: As the premature loss of primary mandibular second molar results in space loss, a space maintainer is always indicated to prevent this space loss. However, there are certain disadvantages to the conventional fixed nonfunctional space maintainers in respect to the longevity of the appliance, undesirable effects on the abutment and the opposing tooth and patient compliance. The purpose of this case report was to discuss an alternative treatment option for space maintenance by hemisection of the fractured primary mandibular second molar followed by a cast crown restoration. The crown restoration was casted to reproduce the natural anatomy of the primary mandibular second molar and contact with the erupting permanent molar was established to aid in its proper eruption into occlusion.

Keywords: Space maintainers, Hemisection, Primary mandibular second molar.

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Saunders Co; 2001:248-56.
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Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;117(5):559-61
[3]. Tunison W, Flores-Mir C, ElBadrawy H, Nassar U, El-Bialy T. Dental arch space changes following premature loss of primary first
molars: a systematic review.Pediatr Dent. 2008;30(4):297-302
[4]. Wright GZ, Kennedy DB. Space control in the primary and mixed dentitions. DentClin North Am. 1978;22(4):579-601.
[5]. Rönnerman A. The effect of early loss of primary molars on tooth eruption and space conditions. A longitudinal study. Acta
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Abstract: Introduction: Treatment of anterior open bite is based upon either intrusion of posterior teeth or extrusion of anterior teeth.Intrusion of posterior teeth might carry the risk of External root resorption (ERR). ERR is one of the worst and least predictable side effects of the orthodontic tooth movement. Currently, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is considered the most accurate tool to evaluate the extent of ERR without extraction of the teeth. Aim of the study: is to evaluate the effect of molar intrusion on the extent of external root resorption using CBCT...........

Keywords: Molar intrusion, root resorption, open bite, rapid molar intruder, RMI

[1]. Dellinger EL. A clinical assessment of the Active Vertical Corrector--a nonsurgical alternative for skeletal open bite treatment. Am J Orthod. 1986;89(5):428-436. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3458375. Accessed May 17, 2016.
[2]. Defraia E, Marinelli A, Baroni G, Franchi L, Baccetti T. Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion with the open-bite bionator: a cephalometric study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132(5):595-598. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.12.035.
[3]. Schulz SO, McNamara JA, Baccetti T, Franchi L. Treatment effects of bonded RME and vertical-pull chincup followed by fixed appliance in patients with increased vertical dimension. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128(3):326-336. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.03.039.
[4]. Kalra V, Burstone CJ, Nanda R. Effects of a fixed magnetic appliance on the dentofacial complex. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;95(6):467-478. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2729196. Accessed May 17, 2016.
[5]. Kiliaridis S, Egermark I, Thilander B. Anterior open bite treatment with magnets. Eur J Orthod. 1990;12(4):447-457. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2086265. Accessed October 23, 2015.

Abstract: The median age of the patients wearing full removable dentures is rising. Their jawbones are more and more atrophied. In order to construct an efficient total prosthesis, we based on the Biofunctional System, elaborated by U.Stuttgen. The preparation process of these dentures was built on the principles of Guided Functional Movement. The aim of our study was to construct a full removable prosthesis according to the bilateral balanced occlusion with no alterations, interferences, deformities and to compare it with the conventional prosthesis in terms of stability, function, achievement of balanced occlusion, strength, mechanical resistance, decubitus, sore and aesthetics..........

Keywords: Atrophied, biofunctional system, jawbones, total prosthesis, stability.

[1]. Hayakawa I., La protesi totale, principi e tecniche, 2001.
[2]. Buchel R, Frick H., Scheiblich R., Schleich H., Ivoclar Prosthetic System, 1992.
[3]. Igorlic R., The biofunctional prosthetic system, 2003.
[4]. Koci N., Proteza e plote dhe fusha e saj, Monografi 2005.
[5]. Scotti R., D' Elia A., Corso propedeutico preclinico di protesi totale, 2000.

Abstract: Thirty five patients with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia were treated with use of functional cast bracing technique, between September 2014 and august 2016 at RIMS Hospital, Imphal. Patients aged between 17 to 75 years were included in the study. After the initial treatment in casuality, a long leg cast was applied to the affected leg and closed reduction was attempted. On satisfactory reduction, the patients were admitted and allowed partial weight bearing as comfortable and tolerable by the patients. After confirming the clinical and radiological signs of callus formation, the long leg cast was replaced with a functional cast brace, which facilitated the movements at the knee and ankle joints. Active range of motion exercises with partial weight bearing was encouraged. The patients were followed up regularly on opd basis, and assesed for union clinically and radiologically...........

Keywords: Functional, cast brace, tibia, diaphyseal

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trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991;73(1):83-5.
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[5]. Schmidt AH, Finkemeier CG, Tornetta P. Treatment of closed tibial fractures. Instr Course Lect 2003;52(3):607-10.