iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2017

Abstract: A noninvasive and accurate estimation of GFR is one of the holy grails of renal function evaluation. We analysed accuracy of CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Mayo Clinic Quadratic (MCQ) equations to estimate GFR with reference to a standard GFR obtained by DTPA renal scan. Methods: Between June 2011 and June 2013, healthy adults underwent DTPA renal clearance studies as part of a routine work-up for potential kidney donation. 70 subjects had sufficient data to estimate GFR- including age, gender, Creatinine (Cr){based on average of 2 values obtained 2 weeks apart performed at the same hospital lab}............

Key words:- ESRD , Renal Transplantationn, GFR , DTPA Renogram , Mayo Clinic Formula ,CKD-EPI formula ,MDRD formula., Accuracy, Creatinine

[1]. Rehling M, et al. Simultaneous measurement of renal clearance and plasma clearance of 99mTc-labelled DTPA, 51Cr-labelled
EDTA and inulin in man. Clin Sci 1998; 66: 613–619.
[2]. Bosch JP et al, A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation.
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1999 Mar 16;130(6):461-70.
[3]. Néstor Fontseré et al, Is the New Mayo Clinic Quadratic Equation Useful for the Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Type 2
Diabetic Patients? Diabetes Care. 2008 December; 31(12): 2265–2267.
[4]. Levey AS, Stevens LA, A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009 May 5;150(9):604-12.

Abstract: There is increasing recognition that systemic inflammation is associated with progression and reduced survival of prostate cancer patients. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker that has been evaluated as a reflection of the same. Our aim was to study the prognostic implications of pre-treatment CRP values with regard to PSA response, disease progression and short term survival in patients with carcinoma prostate undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).............

Keywords: CRP, carcinoma prostate, PSA response

[1]. Platz E. Epidemiology of inflammation and prostate cancer.J Urol2004;171: S36–40
[2]. Elsberger B, Edwards J: Presence of tumoural C-reactive protein correlates with progressive prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer
Prostatic Dis 2011, 14:122–128.
[3]. Bastian PJ, et al. Prostate carcinogenesis and inflammation: emerging insights. Carcinogenesis.2005;26(7): 1170–1181.
[4]. Lehrer S, C-reactive protein is significantly association with prostate-specific antigen and metastatic disease in prostate cancer. BJU
International. 2005;95:961–62.
[5]. Small EJ, et al. Nomogram for overall survival of patients with progressive metastatic prostate cancer after castration. J ClinOncol
2012;20:3972–82.

Abstract: Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is responsible for 30% of all deaths in the world. About 80% of the global burden of CVD death occurs in low and middle income countries. India carries a significant portion of this CVD burden. Acute myocardial infarction continues to be the major public health problem in the industrialized and developing countries like India despite progressive research in diagnosis and management over last three decades. Until now, various bio-markers have been studied in patients of acute coronary syndrome. However, no single marker gives definite prognostic information during the course of the disease. Little information is available about the role of different individual.............

[1]. Kushner I, Feldmann G. Control of acute phase response demonstration of C-reactive protein synthesis and section by hepatocytes acute inflammation in the rabbit. J Exp Med 1978 : 148: 466-77.
[2]. S. Kaptoge, E. Di Angelantonio, G Howe et al, c-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta analysis – The Lancet, Vol. 375, No.9709, pp.132-140, 2010.
[3]. I. Swiatkieoicz, M. Koziniski, P, Magielski et al. Usefulness of c-reactive protein as a marker of early post infarct left ventricular systolic dysfunction. "Inflammation Research, vol. 61, No. 7 pp.725-734. 2012.
[4]. R.J Johnson DH. Kang, D. Feig S. Kivilighn, I Kanellis, S. Waltanabe, KR Tuttle, B Rodriqu Z-Iturbe, J. Herrena – Acosta, and M. Mazali. Is there pathogentic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease " "Hypertension 2003. Pp.1183-1190.

Abstract: Introduction :Stent removal is a routinely done urological procedure and at times we encounter difficulty in stent removals. It is important to follow careful plan of action to avoid complication. Our objective is to make a simple stepwise protocol for their management and to present our series of patients with difficult stent removals and various management options that we had used. Methods: We collected data of all the patients who had come to us for stent removal from 2013 to 2015 .Total of 596 stent removals were performed and 31 patients had difficult stent removal in patients who had undergone stenting after URS, ESWL, Infected hydronephrosis and others............

Keywords: Difficult DJ stent Removal ,Encrustations ,ESWL , URSL ,Cystolithotripsy . PCNL, dDJSR (difficult DJ stent Removal)

[1]. Successful Treatment of Stent Knot in the Proximal Ureter Using Ureteroscopy & Holmium Laser. Masters M. Department of Urology, University of Arkansas , AR 72205, USA Volume 2011, Article ID 502191, doi:10.1155/2011/50211
[2]. Knotted stents: Case report and outcome analysis - Min Su Kim, Department of Urology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul Korean J Urol 2015;56:405- 408.
[3]. Youness A,Khallouk A ,Jamal M , Hassan M . Risk Factor Analysis and Management of Ureteral Double J stent Complications . Reviews in Urology . 2010.Vol 12 .no 2/3. ;147-150 .
[4]. .Y Dakkak,A Janane , Ould Ismail T ,Ghadouane M ,Ameur A ,Abbar M. . Management of encrusted ureteral stents .African Journa of Urology .2012;18:131-134.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess hearing impairment in newborn having otonoxious risk factors. Methods: 270 newborns with risk factors for hearing impairment were subjected to BERA initially with90 dB and subsequently stimuli at decreasing frequencies i.e. 75, 60, 45 dB will be presented to each ear at an intensity of 90dB hearing level. An infant will be considered as passed the test if wave V was present at 30 dB in both ears or in one ear at 30 dB and in the other at 45dB. Results: Out of the 270 newborns, BERA was found to be impaired in 48 cases with increased hearing threshold, remaining 222 neonates had normal hearing threshold of 30dB bilaterally and 45dB in one ear and 30 dB in the other ear.Very low birth weight babies with.............

Keywords: BERA , risk factors, auditory threshold

[1]. World Health Organization. State of hearing and ear care in the South East Asia Region. WHO Regional office for Sout East Asia.
WHO – SEARO. Available at http://www.searo.who.int/link Files/Publications - HEARING - & - EAR – CARE.pdf.
[2]. Ansari MS. Screening programme for hearing impairment in newborns: A challenge during rehabilitation for all. Asia Pacific
disability Rehabilitation Journal. 2004; 15: 83-89.
[3]. Feinmesser M, Tell L, Levi H. Followup of 40,000 infants screened for hearing defect.Audiology 1982; 21 : 197-203.
[4]. Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. American Academy of Pediatrics. American Speech – Language – Hearing Association.
Directors of speech and hearing programs in State Health and Welfare Agencies. Year 2007 Position statement : Principles and
Guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics. 2007 ; 120(4) 898 – 921.
[5]. Wood S, Marcormick B, Marson S.Auditory brainstem response in Pediatric audiology. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63 : 565-567.

Abstract: Ankle injuries gain importance because body weight is transmitted through it and locomotion depends upon the stability of this joint. Malleolar fractures are one of the most common fractures in orthopaedic traumatology. As with all intra articular fractures, malleolar fractures necessitate accurate reduction and stable internal fixation. Previously most of the studies have not obtained good results in cases of bimalleolar fractures. The purpose of this study is to assess the functional outcome and results of surgical treatment of malleolar fractures at our institution.............

[1]. Shelton Marvin L. Complication of fractures and dislocation of the ankle. In: Complications in orthopaedic surgery, Chapter 23, 3rd edn., Vol.I, edt. EPPS, Charles H, Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott Company, 1994; 595-648pp.
[2]. Beris AE, Kabbani KT, Xenakis TA, Mitsionis G, Soucacos PK, Soucacos PN. Surgical treatment of malleolar fractures – a review of 144 patients. Clin Orthop Related Research, 1997 Aug; 341: 90-98.
[3]. Weber MJ. Ankle fractures and dislocations. In : Operative orthopaedics, Chapter-50, 2nd edn., Vol.3, Ed. Chapman MW, Madison M. Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott Company, 1993; 731-748pp.
[4]. Baird RA and Jackson ST. Fracture of the distal part of fibula with associated disruption of the deltoid ligament. J Bone Joint Surg, 1987; 69A: 1346-52.

Abstract: Adhesive capsulitis is a chronic disabling condition common in orthopaedic practise affecting 2-5% of the general population. The ideal treatment protocol for idiopathic adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder of the shoulder remains controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the role of intra articular corticosteroids steroid in treatment of adhesive capsulitis. All the patients presenting to us with stage 1 and stage 2 idiopathic adhesive capsulitis were included in the study. A total of 113 patients were enrolled, eight patients failed to complete the study and excluded leaving 105 patients in the study group............

[1]. Mao CY, Jaw WC, Cheng HC (1997) Frozen shoulder: correlation between the response to physical therapy and follow-up shoulder arthrography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78(8):857–859

[2]. Binder AI, Bulgen DY, Hazleman BL, Roberts S (1984) Frozen shoulder: a long-term prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis 43(3):361–364

[3]. Grubbs N (1993) Frozen shoulder syndrome: a review of literature. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 18(3):479–487

[4]. Hazleman BL (1972) The painful stiff shoulder. Rheumatol Phys Med 11(8):413–421

[5]. Huskisson EC, Bryans R (1983) Diclofenac sodium in the treatment of painful stiff shoulder. Curr Med Res Opin 8(5):350–353

Abstract: Intern doctors today are tomorrow's practitioners. One of the key skills that students should develop during their graduation training is to be prepared for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) anytime. With this cross-sectional study we are trying to explore the level of awareness about basic life support among the intern doctors of government medical college, Surat. A questionnaire with 20 questions regarding the knowledge and skills involved in BLS was used. After excluding the incomplete response forms the data was analyzed. The results were analyzed using an answer key prepared..............

Keywords: Basic life support, cardio pulmonary resuscitation, awareness

[1]. Sasson C, Rogers Ma, Dahl J, Kellermann Al. Predictors Of Survival From Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review
And Meta-Analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010; 3: 63– 81.
[2]. Ritter G, Wolfe Ra, Goldstein S, Landis Jr, Vasu Cm, Acheson A, Et Al. The Effect Of By-Stander Cpr On Survival Of Out-Of-
Hospital Cardiac Arrest Victims. Am Heart J 1985; 110: 932-937.
[3]. Wenzel V, Lehmkuhl P, Kubilis Ps, Idris Ah, Pichlmayr I. Poor Correlation Of Mouth-To-Mouth Ventilation Skills After Basic
Life Support Training And 6 Months Later. Resuscitation 1997; 35: 129-134.
[4]. Wik L, Steen Pa, Bi Rcher Ng. Qual I Ty Of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Influences Outcome After
Prehospital Cardiac Arrest. Resuscitation 1994; 28: 195-203.
[5]. Gwinnutt C, Columb M, Harris R. Outcome After Cardiac Arrest In Adults In Uk Hospitals: Effect Of The 1997 Guidelines.
Resuscitation 2000; 47: 125-135.

Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial activity of root canal materials may help to eliminate residual microorganisms unaffected by the effects of both chemo-mechanical preparation and intracanal medication. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), is one such bioactive material that has potential antimicrobial property. The principle aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of ProRoot WMTA against E. faecalis and to compare the antibacterial effect of WMTA when mixed with 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX), and Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), as a substitute for sterile water against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)................

Keywords: ProRoot WMTA, 2% Chlorhexidine, Phosphate Buffered Saline, Enterococcus faecalis

[1]. Onçag O, Cogulu D, Uzel A. Efficacy of various intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in primary teeth: an in vivo
study. J ClinPediatr Dent 2006;30:233-237.
[2]. Leonardo MR, Silva LAB, TanomaruFilho M, Bonifácio KC, Ito IY. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of sealers and
pastes used in endodontics. J Endod 2000;26:391-394.
[3]. Sipert CR, Hussne RP, Nishiyama CK, Torres SA. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Fill Canal, Sealapex, Mineral Trioxide
Aggregate, Portland cement and EndoREZ.IntEndod J 2005;38:539-543.
[4]. Camilleri J. The chemical composition of mineral trioxide aggregate.J Conserv Dent 2008;11:141-3.
[5]. VidyaSrinivasan, Paula Waterhouse & John Whitworth. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate In Paediatric Dentistry. International Journal
of Paediatric Dentistry 2009; 19: 34–47.

Abstract: Background: Dengue fever is the most important viral, mosquito borne infection (Aedes) Dengue virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae. It has become a major epidemic in Indian subcontinent, accounting for nearly one lakh deaths per annum. This is a study on clinical profile of dengue infection. Method: This is a prospective study of 200 cases admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital. Serum samples were collected from suspected dengue patients and were tested for NS1Ag, IgM and IgG antibodies with ELISA kit. Results: Dengue fever is the most important viral, mosquito borne infection (Aedes) in India. It has become a major epidemic in Indian subcontinent. Spread of the infection is now leading to increased recognition of typical clinical features of dengue infection. Dengue virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae.................

Keywords: Aedes, Dengue, Flaviridae, NS1Ag

[1]. World Health Organization; Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic fever. Available in www.who.int/media centre/factsheets./
fs117/en/accessed on 19.4.2013
[2]. Guzmán MG, Kourí G; Dengue: Anupdate. Lancet Infect Dis., 2002; 2: 33–42.
[3]. WHO ; Dengue - World Health Organizationwww.who.int/denguecontrol/en
[4]. World health Organization. Dengue anddengue haemorrhagic fever. Fact Sheet.No.117, 2002. Availablefrom:http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/.
[5]. Dengue in Kerala: A critical review. ICMRBulletin. 2006;36:13–22.
[6]. Konar NR, Mandal AK, Saha AK.Hemorrhagic fever in Kolkata. J AssocPhysicians India. 1966;14:331–40.

Abstract: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders is quite common in surgical patients. However, surgeons are less likely to refer patients to psychiatrists other than physicians. Therefore a large proportions of psycho pathology in surgical patients is either undiagnosed or misdiagnosed and not optimally treated. This study focuses on common psychiatric issues that generally arise in post operative patients who have undergone major abdominal surgeries. In the immediate post period, issues like anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress disorders, acute stress disorders, delirium etc, may be seen in surgical patients which may be under recognized and under treated. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among post operative patients who have undergone major abdominal surgeries.

[1] Abrams T E, Vaughan-Sarrazin M, Rosenthal GE Influence of psychiatric comorbidity on surgical mortality. Center for Research in the Implementation of Innovative strategies in practice, Iowa City VA medical center, IA 52246-2208, USA.
[2] American Psychiatric Association: Practice guidelines for treatment of psychiatric disorders.
[3] Anstee BH. The pattern of psychiatric referrals in a general hospital. Br J Psychiatric 1972 Jun.
[4] A M Ni Mhaolain, J S Butler et al, A prospective study on Anxiety and depression in surgical services, 2005.
[5] David et al 2009. Psychiatric considerations in bariatric surgical pateints.

Abstract: Varicocele develops due to incompetent valves in testicular vein. It refers to the abnormal veins in the pampiniform plexus (PP) which are tortuous and dilated. It presents as scrotal asymmetry, scrotal heaviness and rarely with testicular pain. Many a times, adults are unaware of the varicocele. It is usually discovered accidentally during a regular physical examination or during the recruitment for military service.1 The incidence of high-grade varicocele is approximately 15% all over the world and found in one third of the males with infertility

[1] Cooper CS, Joudi FN, Williams RD. Urology. In: Doherty GM (edi) Current diagnosis and treatment: Surgery. 13th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2010;902-65.
[2] Çayan S, Shavakhabov S, Kadioglu A. Treatment of palpable varicocele in infertile men: A Meta-analysis to define the best technique. J Androl 2009;30:33-40. 3 Chen C. Varicocele in male factor infertility: role of laparoscopic high ligation of varicocele. Int Surg. 2006;91:90-4.
[3] Hassan JM, Adams MC, Pope JCt, Demarco RT, Brock Jw, 3rd. Hydrocele formation following laparoscopic varicocelectomy. J Urol. 2006;175:1076-9.
[4] Kocvara R, Dvoracek J, Sedlacek J, Dite Z, Novak K. Lymphatic sparing laparoscopic varicocelectomy: a microsurgical repair. J Urol. 2005;173:1751-4.
[5] Misseri R, Gershbein AB, Horowitz M, Glassberg KI. The adolescent varicocele. II: the incidence of hydrocele and delayed recurrent varicocele after varicocelectomy in a long-term follow-up. BJU Int. 2001;87:494-8.

Abstract: Periodontal disese is initiated by the presence of bacteria on tooth surface but it is the host response that helps in progression of disease. An intermediate mechanism that lies between bacterial stimulation and tissue destruction is the production of cytokines, which stimulates inflammatory events that activate effector mechanisms. There are various classes of cytokines depending on their chemical structure and origin. Owing to the unique mechanism of action, these micromolecules play a very important part in immune host defence. Anticytokine therapy for...........

Keywords – Chemokines, Cytokine storm, Inflammation, Interleukins, Receptors

[1]. Graves DT, Delima AJ, Assuma R, Amar S, Oates T, Cochran D. IL-1 TNF antagonists inhibit the progression of inflammatory cell infiltration toward alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal 1998;69:1419-25.
[2]. Jun-Ming Zhang and Jianxiong An. Cytokines, inflammation and pain. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2007 Spring; 45(2): 27–37.
[3]. Graves DT, Cochran D. The contribution of interleukin- 1 and tumor necrosis factor to periodontal tissue destruction. J Periodontol 2003;74:391-401.
[4]. Chiang CY, Ktritsis G, Graves DT, Amar S. IL-1 and TNF activities partially account for calvarial bone resorption induced by local injection of lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immune 1999;67:4231-6.
[5]. Graves DT, Oskoui M, Volejnikova S, et al. Tumor necrosis factor modulates fibroblast apoptosis, PMN recruitment, and osteoclast formation in response to P. gingivalis infection. J Dent Res 2001;80:1875-1879

Abstract: Objective:Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death in the world. The present study aims at evaluation of pattern and distribution of injuries among road traffic accident thereby planning successful measures to minimize fatalities Methods: Our study done at dept of F.M.T at J.L.N.M.CH Bhagalpur from March 2015 and March 2016. This study included 500 cases of road traffic accident victims of fatal road traffic accident, brought for medico-legal postmortem examination. Results:Highest number (33%) of fatalities occurred in the 25-44 years age group followed by the age group 15-25 years (23%). Male victims outnumbered female resulting in male to female ratio of 1.8:1.Pedestrians were most vulnerable...........

Keyword: Accidents, Head Injury

[1]. Chandra J, Dogra TD and Dikshit PC. Pattern of cranio intracranial injuries in fatal vehicular accidents in Delhi 1966-76. medSci
Law 1979; 19(3): 186-94.
[2]. Tirpude BH, Naik RS, Anjankar AJ and Khajuria BK. A study of pattern of cranio-cerebral injuries in road traffic accidents. JIAFM
1998; 20(1):9-12.
[3]. Singh H and Dhatterwal SK. Pattern and distribution of injuries in fatal road traffic accidents in Rohtak (Haryana). JIAFM 2004;
26(1): 20-23.
[4]. Van der Sluis CK, Geertzen JHB, Werkcman HA and DuisHJT : Epidemiological data from severely injured patients : a
retrospective study over the period 1985-1989. NederlandsTijdschriftvoorGeneeskunde 1994; 138 : 2285.
[5]. EKe N, Etebu En and Nwosu SO. Road traffic accident mortalities in Port Harcourt. Nigeria. Anil Agarwal's Internet J Foren Med
Toxicol 2000; 1 : 1-5.

Abstract: Introduction : Malunion of intertrochanteric fractures is common in developing countries as many people rely on indigenous treatment and splintageforfractures.It is not uncommon to see many patients presenting late after the fracture has started to unite when patients notice that the involved limb is short and externally rotated during change of splints (usually done every 15 days). Malunion of intertrochanteric fractures is also common after internal fixation of fractures due to inadequate reduction or failure of fixation..........

[1]. Anglen JO: Intertrochanteric osteotomy for failed internal fixation of femoral neck fracture. ClinOrthop. 1997, 341: 175-182.
[2]. Marti RK, Schuller HM, Raaymakers EL: Intertrochanteric osteotomy for non-union of the femoralneck. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989, 71: 782-787
[3]. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research; December 2016: Vol.-6, Issue- 1, P. 176-182
[4]. 177 www.ijbamr.com P ISSN: 2250-284X , E ISSN : 2250-2858
[5]. Wu CC, Shih CH, Chen WJ, Tai CI: Treatment of femoral neck nonunions with a sliding compression screw: comparison with and without subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy. J Trauma. 1999, 46: 312-317. 10.1097/00005373-199902000-00019

Abstract: The increasing trend of LSCS is a public as well as health professionals concern, out of which repeat LSCS accounts for a major chunk . Our study was designed to evaluate the clinical factors as predictors in successful cases of VBAC after one LSCS done for non-recurrent indication. A prospective observational study comprising of 500 patients was performed. 50% of TOLAC cases had successful vaginal delivery. 86% of successful VBAC was observed when period of gestation was 40 weeks or less. 82% of cases who had previous VBAC had successful TOLAC. 54% of patients who delivered vaginally were third or higher gravidae...........

Keywords:Cesarean section, factors,TOLAC, VBAC, vaginal delivery.

[1]. Landon MB, HauthJC,LevenoKJ,etal.Maternalandperinataloutcomesassociated with a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery.
N Engl J Med.2004 Dec16;351(25):2581-9.
[2]. DoddJM,CrowtherCA.Electiverepeatcaesareansectionversusinductionoflabourfor
womenwithapreviouscaesareanbirth.CochraneDatabaseSystRev. 2006Oct18(4): CD004906.
[3]. Srinivas SK, Stamilio DM, Sammel MD, Stevens EJ,Peipert JF, Odibo AO, Macones GA.Vaginalbirth
aftercaesareandelivery:doesmaternalageaffectsafety andsuccess?PaediatrPerinat Epidemiol.2007Mar;21(2):114-20.
[4]. CarrollCSSr,MagannEF,ChauhanSP,KlauserCK,MorrisonJC.Vaginalbirthafter cesareansectionversuselective
repeatcesareandelivery:Weight-basedoutcomes.AmJ Obstet Gynecol.2003Jun; 188(6):1516-20; discussion 1520-2.
[5]. DurnwaldCP, EhrenbergHM, MercerBM.Theimpactofmaternalobesityandweight gain on vaginal birth after cesarean section
success. Am JObstetGynecol.2004Sep;191(3):954-7.

Abstract: Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare bone tumour; classically occurring in the metaphyseal region of the long bones surrounding the knee. The small bones of the feet are also commonly involved. We report a case of Chondromyxoid fibroma of the proximal phalynx of the left great toe in a 25 year old male. The radiological appearance of a trabeculated lytic lesion with sclerotic margins raised the possibility of various other lesions including infections. However the typical microscopic picture of lobules of cartilage separated by fibrocellular tissue and scattered osteoclasts confirmed the diagnosis. This tumour was successfully treated with curettage and corticocancellous bone graft from iliac crest given via a dorsal incision and had no recurrence at 2 year follow up. In this article we present our experience with this case.

[1] Jaffe H., Lichenstein L: Chondromyxoid fibroma of a bone, a distinctive benign tumour likely to be mistaken especially for
chondrosarcoma. Arch Path, 45: 541 - 545, 1948.
[2] Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (eds): Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone, WHO Classification of
Tumours, IARC Press, Lyon: 243 – 245, 2002.
[3] Wu CT, Inwards CY, O'Laughlin S, Rock MG, Beabout JW, Unni KK: Chondromyxoid fibroma of bone: a clinicopathologic
review of 278 cases. Hum Pathol 29 (5): 438 – 446, 1998.
[4] Schajowicz F , Gallardo H :Chondromyxoid fibroma (fibromyxoid chondroma) of bone. A clinico-pathological study of thirty-two
cases. J Bone Joint Surg. 53B (2): 198 - 216, 1971.
[5] Sharma H.,Jane M J, Reid R: Chondromyxoid fibroma of the foot and ankle: 40 years' Scottish bone tumour registry experience. Int
Orthop. 30(3): 205 – 209, 2006.

Abstract: Introduction: Intra/juxta-articular fractures of distal radius are still challenging problem despite the varieties of modalities of treatment options. We report the result of a prospective study of three hundred fifty patients, who were treated by close reduction and simple single bar Uniplaner external fixator. Methodology: In a prospective controlled study, 350 cases of distal end radius fractures with / without intra-articular extension were treated with uniplanar static type of external fixation using the principle of ligamentotaxis and augmentation by K-wires. The age group of the patients is 18 to 70 years, external fixator was applied for duration of 6 to 8 weeks and cases were followed up for an average of 6 to 10 months post operatively.

Keywords: Distal radius fractures, ligamentotaxis, functional outcome.

[1] Ark J, Jupiter JB. The rationale for precise management of distal radius fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 1993 April; 24(2):
205-210.
[2] Nagi ON, Dhillon MS, Aggarwal S, Deogaonkar KJ. External fixators for intra-articular distal radius fractures. Indian Journal of
Orthopaedics. 2004;38: 19-22.
[3] Jupiter JB. Current concepts review - Fractures of the distal end of the radius. J Bone Joint Surg (Am). 1991; 73-A: 461-469.
[4] Agee JM. External fixation: Technical advances based upon multiplanar Ligamentotaxis. Othop Clin North Am. 1993; 24 (2):
265-274.
[5] Simic PM., Weiland AJ. Fractures of the distal aspect of the Radius: Changes in Treatment Over the past two decades. J Bone Joint
Surg (Am).2003; 85-A: 552-564.

Abstract: The Aim of this case report is to describe a case of compound radial styloid process fracture with dislocation of the wrist joint and its management. Case Report: A 55 year male sustained a compound fracture of the radial styloid with dislocation of the wrist joint following a fall from height. This injury was also associated with injury to the tendons of the medial aspect of the wrist joint and the ulnar artery. The patient underwent immediate external fixation and wound closure with no significant complaints at 12 month follow up other than complete ulnar nerve injury.............

Keywords: Radiocarpal dislocation, Compound, Ligamentotaxis, Functional outcomes.

[1] Girard J, Cassagnaud X, Maynou C, Bachour F, Prodhomme G, Mestdagh H. Radiocarpal dislocation: twelve cases and a review of the literature [in French]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2004; 90(5):426–433
[2] Dunn AW. Fractures and dislocations of the carpus. Surg Clin North Am. 1972; 52(6):1513–1538.
[3] Hardy P, Welby F, Stromboni M, Blin JL, Lortat-Jacob A, Benoit J. Wrist arthroscopy and dislocation of the radiocarpal joint without fracture. Arthroscopy. 1999; 15(7):779–783.
[4] Wilson CJ, Aragon AB, Smith AC. Ulnar nerve palsy following closed radiocarpal fracture-dislocation. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2008; 37(8):E138–E140.
[5] Ilyas AM, Williamson C, Mudgal CS. Radiocarpal dislocation: is it a rare injury?J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2011; 36(2):164.

Abstract: Dental caries and childhood obesity epidemics are multifactorial complex disease and socioeconomic status is a common etiological factor in their causation. Aim- Aim of the study was to explore the relationship between body mass index, dental caries and socioeconomic status in 4 to 14 year children in udaipur city. Materials and Methods – 400 children belonging to age group 4-14 years were studied. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were taken and BMI for age was calculated. Dental examination was carried out using WHO guidelines. Socioeconomic status was determined according to Prasad's socioeconomic status scale.............

Keywords- Body mass index, Dental caries, Socioeconomic class.

[1] Marshall TA, Eichenberger-Gilmore JM, Broffitt BA, Warren JJ. Levy SM. Dental caries and childhood obesity: roles of diet and
socioeconomic status. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007;35:449–58.
[2] Norberg C, Hallstrom SU, Matsson L, Thorngren-Jerneck K, Klingberg G. Body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in 5-year-old
children from southern Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012;40:315–22.
[3] Sakeenabi B, Swamy HS, Mohammed RN. Association between obesity, dental caries and socioeconomic status in 6 and 13 year
old school children. Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry. 2012;10:231-241.

Abstract: Ivemark syndrome is classified as a heterotaxy disorder or a laterality disorder. These terms refer to the failure of the internal organs of the chest and abdomen to be arranged in the proper location within the body. It is characterized by the absence (asplenia) or underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the spleen, malformations of the heart and the abnormal arrangement of the internal organs of the chest and abdomen. We report a 7 day old female neonate with this syndrome with complex congenital cardiac defects with right isomerism with asplenia with midline liver.

[1] Van der Linde D, Konings EE, Slager MA, Witsenburg M, Helbing WA, Takkenberg JJ, et al. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58: 2241-7. [2] Shiraishi I, Ichikawa H. Human Heterotaxy Syndrome- From Molecular Genetics to Clinical Features, Management, and Prognosis. Circ J 2012; 76: 2066-75. [3] Bartram U, Wirbelauer J, Speer CP. Heterotaxy syndrome-asplenia and polysplenia as indicators of visceral malposition and complex congenital heart disease. Biol Neonate 2005; 88 (4): 278-90. [4] Ahmed SA, Zengeya S, Kini U, Pollard AJ. Familial isolated congenital asplenia: case report and literature review. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169 (3): 315-8. [5] Petitpierre F, Alberti N, Raffray B, Veron A, Perez JT, Lasserre AS. Acute pulmonary embolism revealing Ivemark syndrome in an adult. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging 2013; 94: 333-5.

Abstract: To study the adhesion of epoxy resin based endodontic sealers by determining the tensile bond strength and evaluating the effect of smear layer removal on the adhesion of the endodontic sealers. Root canals of freshly extracted mandibular first premolar teeth with single root canal, were instrumented by using rotary instrument The roots were prepared for adhesion by splitting them and embedding them in self cure acrylic block. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth each according to the sealer used and their irrigation regimen. AH Plus and AH-26............

Keywords: Root canal sealer, Smear layer, Tensile bond strength.

[1]. Grossman L.I-Endodontic practice 7th edition( Philadelphia:Lea &febiger/1970; 329-77.)
[2]. Orstavik D,Erikson HM,Beyer Olsen EM, Adhesive properties and leakage of root canal sealers in vitro, Int Endod J 1983;16:59-
63
[3]. De Gee AJ,Wu M-K,Wesslin K PR, Sealing properties of Ketac Endo glass Ionomer cement and AH 26 root canal sealers, Int
Endod J 27,1994,239-44
[4]. Timpawat S, Hamirattisai C, Senawongs P , Adhesion of a glass-ionomer root-canal sealer to the root-canal wall. Journal of Endodontics
27,168-71.
[5]. Sen BH, Wesselink PR, The smear layer: aphenomenon in root-canal therapy. International Endodontic Journal(1995),l 28,141-146

Abstract: Purpose/ objective Health is a highly individualized concept, its perception is very much colored by individuals experience and cultural background. In parallel with the changing oral disease patterns there should be significant improvements in oral health awareness, dental knowledge and attitudes of children and parents as well. The present study was carried out to assess oral hygiene habits, oral health awareness and attitude among pre university students...........

Keywords: Oral health, Community Awareness, Health education.

[1] Dagli R, Tadakamadla S, Dhanni C, Kulkami S. Self reported dental health attitude and behavior of dental students in India. J Oral Sci 2008; 50(3): 267-72.
[2] Downer MC. The improving oral health of United Kingdom adults and prospects for future. Br Dent J. 1991; 23:154-8. [3] Amarlal D, Rayen R, Muthu MS. Macroabrasion in Pediatric Dentistry. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2006; 31(1 ):9–13. [4] Watts A, Addy M. Tooth discolouration and staining: a review of the literature. Br Dent J. 2001;190: 309–16.
[5] Mirza BA, Syed A, Izhar F, Ali Khan A. Oral health attitudes, knowledge, and behavior amongst high and low socioeconomic school going children in Lahore, Pakistan. Pak Oral Dent J. 2011;31: 396-401.

Abstract: This retrospective study evaluated the mandibular fracture in patients who presented our center between January Year 2011 to December Year 2015. Total of 222 patients with 368 mandibular fractures were analyzed. The age of patients ranged from 3- to 76-year old (mean age 23.3) with peak incidence occurred in 10- to 19- year age group. Male to female ratio was 5.5:1. The most common cause of injury was motor vehicle accident (MVA) (91%), followed by fall (2.7%) and intentional injury (2.7%). The most common site of fracture was the parasymphysis (29.9%), followed.............

Keywords– Facial fracture, mandibular fracture, maxillofacial trauma

[1] Chrcanovic BR, Abreu MH, Freire-Maia B, Souza LN, 1,454 mandibular fractures: a 3-year study in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 40(2), 2012, 116-123.
[2] Brasileiro BF, Passeri LA, Epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures in Brazil: a 5-year prospective study, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 102(1), 2006, 28-34.
[3] Kyrgidis A, Koloutsos G, Kommata A, Lazarides N and Antoniades K, Incidence, aetiology, treatment outcome and complications of maxillofacial fractures. A retrospective study from Northern Greece, J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 41(7), 2013, 637-643.
[4] Tay Keng Kiong, Wan MAhadzir Wan Mustafa and Ganasalingam Sockalingam, Pediatric Facial Fractures: One-year Survey of 23 Government Hospitals in Malaysia Asian, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 19(1), 2007, 30-33.
[5] Mohammad Hosein Ansari, Maxillofacial fractures in Hamedan province, Iran: a retrospective study (1987–2001), Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 32(1), 2004, 28-34.

Abstract: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common and complex condition which requires a multispecialty approach for diagnosis, evaluation and management. The length of gastrointestinal tract as well as the variety of processes that can involve the gastrointestinal tract further complicate the evaluation. MDCT is a recently developed diagnostic tool for the evaluation of bowel diseases causing gastrointestinal bleeding. It not only helps in defining the extent of gastrointestinal disease, it also helps in evaluation of extra intestinal manifestations of the disease. Study was conducted.............

Keywords: Bowel wall thickening, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal polyps, MDCT abdomen and pelvis, mass lesion,.

[1]. Joseph K. T., Stuart S. Sagel, Robert J. Stanley, and Jay P. Heiken. Computed Body Tomography with MRI Correlation. (EstadosUnidos: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006).
[2]. Haaga, John R. CT and MRI of the Whole Body (Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier, 2009).
[3]. Emil J. Balthazar, CT of the Gastrointestinal Tract: principles and interpretation American Journal of Roentgenology 156(1), 1991, 23-32.
[4]. S James, DM Balfe, JK Lee, and D Picus,Small-bowel disease: categorization by CT examination American Journal of Roentgenology, 148(5), 1987, 863-868.
[5]. James E. Huprich, Joel G. Fletcher, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Jeff L. Fidler, Sharon S. Burton, and Cynthia H. McCullough, Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Evaluation with 64-Section Multiphase CT Enterography—Initial Experience. Radiology246:2, 2008, 562-571.

Abstract: The risk of preterm labour in the presence of maternal infection is 30% to 50%. Antibiotics may induce a significant 12-20% reduction in neonatal infections following preterm rupture of the membranes and may prolong pregnancy significantly.
Methods: Aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of using antibiotics at any time during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBase, and CINAHL was searched and no language restrictions was applied. Reviews and RCT's assessing the use of antibiotics during pregnancy with outcome data on preterm labour and birth were selected............

Keywords: Preterm labour, maternal infection, Umbrella review, Metronidazole, Antibiotics, Pregnancy, Neonatal morbidity.

[1] Cram, L., M. Zapata, E. Toy, and B. Baker, Genitourinary Infections and Their Association with Preterm Labor. American family physecion, 2002. 65(2): p. 241-248.
[2] Gonc, F., C. Tinnakorn, and R. Romero, Inrauterine infection and prematurity. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities, 2002. 8: p. 3-13.
[3] Haram, K., J. Mortensen, and A. Wollen, Preterm delivery: an overview. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2003. 82: p. 687-704
[4] araa, P. and S. Thornton, Current medical therapy in the prevention and treatment of preterm labour. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2004. 9: p. 481-489
[5] Hollier, L., Preventing Preterm Birth: What Works, What Doesn't. Obstetrical and gynaecological survey, 2005. 60(2): p. 124-131.