iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2018

Abstract: Aim of the study was to compare Dental caries status between children with HIV and healthy controls among 5-18 years old. Fifty children diagnosed with HIV and fifty healthy children were included in the study , Informed consent was taken .Examination was carried out by using ART kit, mouth mirror, explorer and CPI probe. DMFT and dmft index was recorded using WHO criteria. HIV children had higher mean DMFT score when compared to that of healthy children. Healthy children had higher mean dmft score when compared to that of HIV children. All the children and parents were educated and motivated about the importance of maintenance of good oral hygiene, severity and prognosis of dental aspects of HIV. During the study, children were given comprehensive dental treatment with emphasis on preventive measures.

Keywords: HIV; Dental caries; dmft/DMFT; Healthy children

[1]. Sahana S, Krishnappa SS, Krishnappa VS. Low prevalence of dental caries in children with perinatal HIV infection. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP. 2013; 17(2):212-216.
[2]. De Cock KM, Jaffe HW, Curran JW. Reflections on 30 years of AIDS. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Jun;
[3]. Joshi AB, Gopakuma M,Hegde AM. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - A Pedodontist's Perspective. Int J of Med and Dent Sci 2015; 4(2): 906-912.
[4]. Abuzaitoun OR, Hanson IC. Organ-specific manifestations of HIV disease in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2000;47:109-25 [5]. Ranganathan K1, Geethalakshmi E, Krishna Mohan Rao U, Vidya KM, Kumarasamy N, Solomon S Orofacial and systemic manifestations in 212 paediatric HIV patients from Chennai, South India.Int J Paediatr Dent. 2010 Jul;20(4):276-82.

Abstract: Introduction:Testicular regression syndrome (TRS) also known as "vanishing testis" is an entity characterized by subsequent atrophy and disappearance in fetal life of a primarily normal testis. It has an incidence of 35% to 60% in patients with cryptorchidism. Diagnostic controversies exist regarding approach to absence of testis. Aim of the study is to provide an approach helpful for diagnosis of testicular regression syndrome. Materials & Methods:Cases with TRS were selected among all undescended testes operated during a period of 7 years from 2007 to 2013. Diagnostic criteria include vascularized fibrous nodule with paratesticular element(s) in proximity.............

Keywords: Atrophy, Cryptorchidism, Testis, Undescended, Vanishing,

[1]. Susan E. Spires, C. Stephen Woolums, Andrew R. Pulito, Stephen M. Spires. Testicular Regression Syndrome: A Clinical and Pathologic Study of 11 Cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000; 124: 694–698.
[2]. Enid Gilbert Barness, Sivaselvi Gunasekaran. Potter"s pathology of the fetus, infant and child (Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier, 2007)
[3]. Rozanski T.A, Wojno K.J, Bloom D.A. The remnant orchiectomy. J Urol 1996; 155: 712–714
[4]. Haluk Emir, Bekir Ayik, Mehmet Elicevik, Cenk Bu yukunal, Nur Danismend, Sergulen Dervisoglu, Yunus Soylet. Histological evaluation of the testicular nubbins in patients with nonpalpable testis: Assessment of etiology and surgical approach. Pediatr Surg Int 2007; 23: 41–44
[5]. Ozgur Pirgon, Bumin Nuri Dundar. Vanishing Testes: A Literature Review. J Clin Res Pediatr En docrinol 2012; 4: 116-120

Abstract: Male genital dermatoses is a common problem in Dermatologists practice.This study is an overview of patterns of dermatoses affecting male genitalia. Aprospective study was conducted to evaluate the patterns of genital dermatoses in males attending D.V.L. department of tertiary care hospital in south India. Materials and Methods: After obtaining consent, 100adult males of 18-70years with genital dermatoses confirmed by relevant bed side& laboratory investigations were enrolled in thepresent study. Results: Out of 100 adult males, 62% of patients had infective dermatoses and 38% of patients had non-infective dermatoses involving genitalia.Among infective dermatoses, fungal infections accounted for 35%, in whichdermatophytosis accountsfor 30% and were more common among the study population..........

Keywords: Genital dermatoses, infective, non-infective

[1]. Hillman RJ, Walker MM, Harris JR, Taylor-Robinson D. Penile dermatoses: A clinical and histopathological study. Genitourin Med. 1992;68:166–9. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

[2]. 2.TaghreedJameelAlmaaita, Salah A Abdallat - Prevalence of skin diseases in Jordanian children Jordanian Royal Medical Services. Amman, Jordan
[3]. Federman DG, Reid MC, Feldman SR, Greenhoe J, Kirsner RS. The primary care provider and the care of skin disease. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:25-9.

[4]. Fitzpatrick JA, Gentry RM. Non-venereal diseases of male external genitalia. In: Moschella SL, Hurley HJ, editors. Dermatology. 3rd ed. I. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 1992. pp. 1008–15.

[5]. Acharya KM, Ranpara H, Sakhia JJ, Kaur C. A study of 200 cases of genital lesions of non-venereal origin. Indian J DermatolVenereolLeprol. 1998;64:68–70. [PubMed]

Abstract: Aims and Objectives: To study the levels of serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL during the onset and remission of nephrotic syndrome. Methods and materials: A prospective observational study included 50 children with nephrotic syndrome, aged between of 2-12 years with 30 age and sex matched controls were studied at SVS Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar during period of July 2015 to November 2017. Results and discussion: Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL was elevated in all patients (100%) which is statistically significant with p-value 0.000. However, there was no significant (p = 0.234) change in HDL cholesterol when compared to controls. lipid levels...........

Keywords: Nephrotic Syndrome, Cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL

[1]. Safaei A, Maleknejad S. Spectrum of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Iran: A single center study. Indian J Nephrol. 2009 Jul;19(3):87-90. doi: 10.4103/0971-4065.57103.
[2]. Attman PO, Alaupovic P. Pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in the nephritic syndrome. Am J Nephrol. 1990;10 Suppl 1:69-75.
[3]. Dnyanesh DK, Dnyanesh S, Shenoy V. A study of serum lipids in nephrotic syndrome in children. IOSR-JDMS. 2014;13(3):01-06.7
[4]. C.W David, D.B Bernard, Lipid abnormalities in the nephrotic syndrome, Am J Kidney Dis, 23(3), 1994, 331-46.
[5]. Adu E.M. Serum lipid profile abnormalities among patients with nephrotic. Int J Med Biomed Res 2013;2(1):13-17.

Abstract: Over the past few decades, orthodontic treatment in adults has become more common. Clear aligner treatment (CAT) has been cited as a safe, aesthetic and comfortable orthodontic procedure for adult patients. The aim of this review is to evaluate the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) and clear aligner on periodontal health during orthodontic treatment. Periodontal health, as well as quantity and quality of plaque, were better during CAT than during FOA treatment. FOA promote the accumulation of bacterial plaque as the appliance complicates oral hygiene. The keys to maintenance of a healthy periodontium during orthodontic treatment are oral hygiene instructions reinforcement and a stringent recall system.

Keywords: Clear aligners, Fixed orthodontic Appliance, Removable Appliance, Periodontal health

[1]. Gkantidis, N., Christou, P., & Topouzelis, N. The orthodontic–periodontic interrelationship in integrated treatment challenges: a systematic review, Journal of oral rehabilitation, 37(5), 2010, 377-390.
[2]. Kesling HD. Coordinating the predetermined pattern and tooth positioner with conventional treatment, Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 32(5), 1946, 285–293.
[3]. Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment, Angle Orthodontist, 42(1), 1972, 26–3
[4]. Rossini, G., Parrini, S., Castroflorio, T., Deregibus, A., & Debernardi, C. L. Periodontal health during clear aligners treatment: a systematic review, European journal of orthodontics, 37(5), 2014, 539-543.
[5]. Talic, Nabeel F. "Adverse effects of orthodontic treatment: a clinical perspective." The Saudi dental journal 23(2), 2011: 55-59.

Abstract: Background: In elderly population it is most often due to trivial trauma. More than 20000 fractures occur every year and the incidence is expected to double by year 2020.1. In 2003 Takigamiet al2 introduced PFN-A which claimed to have better functional outcome in treating pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures when compared to PFN.Most commonly used intramedullary devices for the management of the proximal femoral fractures are Gamma nail and Short PFN. There are different studies available in literature claiming superiority of Gamma nail 3,4 and Short PFN5,6,7 individually. Among Short PFN and Gamma nail, Short PFN had shown either equal results8or better.............

Keywords: Proximal femoral nail,proximal femoral nail antirotation,Association of osteosynthesis, Association for the Study of Internal Fixation,Orthopaedic Trauma Association,Dynamic hip screw.

[1]. Hagrod GA, Choudhary MT, Hussain A. Dynamic hip Screw in proximal femur, Indian Journal of Orthopedics. 1994; 28(2):3-6 [2]. Takigami J, Matsumoto R, Ohara A, et al. Treatement of trochantric fractures with the proximal femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) system report of early results. Bull NYU HospJt 2008; 66 (4): 276-279.
[3]. Boriani S, Bettelli G, Zmerly H et al (1991) Results of the multicentric Italian experience on the gamma nail: a report on648 cases. Orthopaedics 14:1307–1314
[4]. GermonvilleTh, Lecestre P, Laimouche A, the SOR (1997) Peritrochanteric fractures treated by gamma nailing: study of 300 cases. Eur J OrthopSurgTraumatol 7:255–261
[5]. Domingo LJ, Cecilia D, Herrera A, Resines C (2001) Trochanteric fractures treated with a proximal femoral nail. IntOrthop(SICOT) 25:298–301

Abstract: Background: This study compared effect of bupivacaine and addition of clonidine to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block. Methods:ThisRandomized, prospective, double blind study was done in 60 patients of ASA grade I and II status undergoing forearm orthopedic surgeries. Group B received 25 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine and Group BC received 25 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine and clonidine 1μg/kg . Onset and duration of both sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia and sedation score and hemodynamic parameters were studied. Result.Analgesia duration was 224.33 ± 16.30 minutes in group B and 658 ± 95.09 minutes in group BC. There was early onset and prolongation of duration of sensory and motor block.............

Keywords: Bupivacaine, clonidine, supraclavicular brachialplexus block

[1]. Halsted W "Practical comments on the use and abuse of cocaine". New York Medical Journal 1885; 42: 294–295.
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[3]. Winnie Al‟, Collins VJ. The subclavian perivascular technique of brachial plexus anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1964; 25:353-63.
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[5]. BRILL S, GURMAN G M, FISHER A A history of neuraxial administration of local analgesics and opioids. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2003;20: 682–9.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare whether addition of encirclage to vitrectomy in pseudophakic retinal detachment repair is associated with better anatomic success rate in terms of attachment of retina ,visual acuity and complications or whether there is no difference in between the two groups(with or without encirclage). Conclusions-In our study it showed no significant difference in terms of success rate and visual acuityIn addition of buckle was associated with increased incidence of complications such as raised IOP. and ERM formation.

Keywords: anatomic success rate, complications, encirclage ,retinal detachment, vitrectomy, visual acuity.

[1]. Javitt JC,Street DA,Tielsh JM, et al. National outcomes of cataract extraction. Retinal detachment and endophthalmitis after outpatient cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 1994;101:100-5.
[2]. Tielsch JM, Legro MW, Cassard SD, et al. risk factors for retinal detachment after cataract surgery. A population based case control study. Ophthalmology 1996;103:1537-45.
[3]. Olsen G,Olson RJ. Update on a long term, prospective study of capsulotomy and retinal detachment rates after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg2000;26:1017-21.
[4]. Javitt JC, Vitale S, Canner JK,et al. National outcomes of cataract extraction. I. retinal detachment after inpatient surgery. Ophthalmology 1991;98:895-902.
[5]. Fisher SK, Anderson DH. Cellular effects of detachment on the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. 3rd ed.Philadelphia:Mosby,Inc;2001.

Abstract: Cholesteatoma is well- demarcated non neoplastic lesion in the temporal bone (middle ear cleft), which is commonly described as "squamous epithelium at wrong place."1 Cholesteatoma (Greek: chole+stear = fat, oma = tumor) was named first by German anatomist/pathologist Johannes mullar2. However this term is incorrect because the lesion does not contain fat and is not of a neoplastic nature Cholesteatoma has been recognized clinically and radiologically and looks like soft tissue mass-like opacity in the middle ear cavity and mastoid antrum associated with smooth bony erosion of the ossicles.The association of bone erosion is highly suggestive of Cholesteatoma. High resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) is most valuable for detection of early erosive changes in the ossicles, particularly in the smaller parts such as the incudo-stapedial junction and sinus tympani.

[1]. Robinson J. M. Cholesteatoma: skin in the wrong place. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1997; 90(2):93–96. [PMC free article] [PubMed

[2]. Dornelles C., da Costa S. S., Meurer L., Schweiger C. Some considerations about acquired adult and pediatric cholesteatomas. Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. 2005; 71(4):536–546. doi: 10.1590/s0034-72992005000400023. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

[3]. Liu DPC, Bergeron RT. Contemporary radiologic imaging in the evaluation of middle ear-attic-antral complex cholesteatomas. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1989; 22:897-909.

[4]. Sadé J, Konak S, Hinchcliffe R. Cholesteatoma and Mastoid Surgery. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference. Tel-Aviv, Israel. Kugler Publications; 1982. p. 640.

[5]. Aquino JE, Cruz Filho NA, de Aquino JN. Epidemiologies of middle ear and mastoid cholesteatomas. Braz J Otolaryngol 2011;77:341-7.

Abstract: Aim And Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. The aim of our study is to define the clinical spectrum and risk factors associated with CP in children. Materials And Methods: This was a hospital based observational study, 100 consecutive children diagnosed to have cerebral palsy attending the Department of Pediatrics, SVS Medical college and Hospital, Mahabubnagar. Thorough history was taken and detailed examination was done in order to classify the type of cerebral palsy, to find out the associated abnormalities and to identify the risk factors. Necessary investigations were done, wherever indicated to find out the etiology and to find out the associated problems..............

Keywords: Asphyxia, Cerebral palsy, Microcephaly, Spastic diplegia

[1]. Accardo PJ, editor. Capute and Accardo's Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Infancy and Childhood. 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.; 2008.p. 17.
[2]. McKinley Ian. Cerebral palsy. Forfar and Arneil's textbook of Pediatrics, 7th edition 2008, Churchil Livingstone: 888-895
[3]. Michael V. Johnston .Cerebral Palsy. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.1st Southn asia edition.2016; Elsevier: 2896-2899.
[4]. Singhi Pratibha D, Ray Munni, Suri Gunmala. Clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy in North India- an analysis of 1000 cases. Tropical journal of Pediatrics 2002 ;( 48):162-166.
[5]. Dabydeen Lyvia. Cerebral palsy: A neonatal perspective. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology2007, Volume10(5) :33-43.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate liver function abnormalities in patients with diabetic septicemias. There is substantial rize in gram negative sepsis in recent years and hepatic dysfunction forms a major part of multiple organ failure in diabetic patients. There is high incidence of infection in diabetic patients as compared to their counterparts. Approximately 1% of hospital admissions are complicated by gram negative sepsis and overall mortality from septic shock lies between 30-80%.

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Abstract: Introduction: An increase in the number and size of lymphoid follicles with proliferation of lymphocytes is known as lymphadenopathy. It commonly occurs as a response to a new antigen. Aims & Objectives: 1) To evaluate the diagnostic role of FNA in patients with lymphadenopathy. 2) To study the cytomorphological spectrum associated with lymphadenopathy. Material and Methods: A total of 230 cases presented with lymph node swellings over 2 year span. FNA was done by 22-24 FG needle as per requirement and standard protocol was followed for fixation and staining. Special staining was done wherever required.............

Keywords: Lymphadenopathy, FNAC, Cytomorphology, Diagnostic evaluation

[1]. Caroline W. Cells, Tissues and systems. In: Susan S, editor. Gray's anatomy, 40th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2009. P. 66-80.
[2]. Ioachim HL, Medeiros JL. Ioachim's lymph node pathology, fourth edition, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2008.
[3]. Orell SR, Sterer GF, Whitaker D. Fine needle aspiration cytology, 4th edition, Chirchill Livingston, 2005; 1-8 and 83-124.
[4]. Hsu C, Leung BS, Lau SK, Sham JS, Choy D, Engzell U. Efficacy of fine needle aspiration and sampling of lymph nodes in 1,484 Chinese patients. Diagn Cytopathol 1999;6(3):154-59.
[5]. Shamshad Ahmad S, Shakeel A, Kafil A, Shano N, Tariq M. Study of fine needle aspiration cytology in lymphadenopathy with special reference to acid fast staining in cases of tuberculosis. JK Science 2005, Jan-Mar;7(1):1-4..

Abstract: Background Thyroid surgery has evolved in the realm of whole surgical procedure as a unique issue because of its position in anatomically challenging area with important functions to be preserved and to maintain metabolic equity. From the days of Kocher the surgical procedure has come a long way. Morbidity and Aesthetics are modern day issues . Methods This study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati during period of two years from 2014 to 2016. Inclusion criteria- Benign and malignant thyroid swelling upto 6 cms in size irrespective of sex. Exclusion criteria- Malignant thyroid swelling with extracapsular involvement. All the patients underwent mini-incision thyroid surgery.............

Keywords: mini-incision, thyroid, vascular compartment

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[4]. Ferzli g s, sayad p, abdo z et al . Minimally invasive non endoscopic thyroid surgery. Journal of american college of surgeons, 2001,192: 665-8.
[5]. Brunaud l , zarnegar r,wada n et al. Incision length for standard thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy when is it minimaiiy invasive ? Archives of surgery, 2003, 138: 1140-43.