iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2018

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is the third most common neurological disorder in adults after Alzhiemer's disease and stroke. Aim: To study the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. Materials and Methods: Cross-Sectional Study of epileptic patients attending neurology OP department from 01.09.2010 to 30.08.2011. Results: Results showed high psychiatric morbidity especially depression and anxiety can occur co-morbidly in patients with epilepsy. Depression was associated significantly with duration of seizures and frequency of seizures per month and also predominantly with female sex.

Keywords: DSM-IV axis 1 disorders, Epilepsy, Depression

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[2]. Oxbury. J.M. (2000) Drug treatment, adults, In, oxbury, J.M.Polkey, C.E. Duchowny, M(eds) Intractable focal epilepsy W.B. Saunders.
[3]. Theodore, W.H., Spencer, S.S, Weibe, S.Langfitt, J.T., Ali, A, Shafer, P.O., Berg, A.T.Vickrey, B.G.(2006) – Epilepsy in North America; a report prepared under the auspices of the global campaign Against Epilepsy, the international Bureau for epilepsy, the International league against Epilepsy and the World Health Organization, Epilepsia 47(10) 1700-1722.
[4]. Isaac, M.K., (1981) Colloborative study on severe mental morlidity. New Delhi. Indian council of Medical Research and Department of Science and Technology ; 1987. In : Mani. K.Rangan ; G.Asian asepcts, comprehensive epileptology, New York, Raven Press, 1990 : 781 – 793.
[5]. Satishchandra, P.Gururaj, a., Gouri Devi M.Subba Krishna, D.K. (1996). Epidemology of epilepsy in Bangalore urban and rural population. Abstracts of the 4th Annual Conference in Indian Academy of Neurology. Bangalore., organizing Committee 96, 1996..

Abstract: Aim: To compare the recovery profile after subarchnoid block in elderly and young patients and to investigate new discharge criteria to decrease recovery room time without jeopardizing patient safety. Method: After approval from ethical committee 100 patients are divided into two groups, group I (young) consist of age group between 20-40 years and group II (elderly) with age more than 60 years. All these patients preoperative pulse rate and MAP recording done and in recovery room at 0,30, 60 and 90 min pin prick test, toe movement and changes in pulse rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) 2 minutes following orthostatic challenge and statistical analysis done...........

Keywords: Recovery profile, elderly, new discharge criteria, orthostatic challenge test

[1]. Wylie and Churchill-Davidsons,s 'A practice of anesthesia' 6th edition. Edited by T.J. Healy and P.J. Cohen, Edward Arnold co, 1995 : 712-713.
[2]. UNDP: Human development report 2003 Oxford University press London, 2003.
[3]. Zaidi MN, Bano S, Ahmed M: Aprospective study of recovery profile after subarachnoid block in elderly versus young patients. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 2008; 52(1);58-62.
[4]. Alexander CM, Teller LE, Gross JB, Owen D, Cunningham C,Laurenciof: New discharge criteria decrease recovery room time after subarachnoid block. Anesthesiology 1989; 70;640-43.
[5]. KnoerlDV, McNully P, Estes C, Conel k: Evalution of orthostatic blood pressure testing as discharge creation from PACU after spinal anaesthesia. J. PerianaesthesiaNurs2001;16; 11-18.
[6]. Orthostatic intolerance: eMedicinePediatrics : Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine. Page 1 to 17.

Abstract: Background:Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a part of biophysical profile which is a quantitative estimate of amniotic fluid volume in centimetre. Amniotic fluid index is indicator of foetalwell being. The exact number varies according to gestational age. Oligohydromnios in 3rdtrimester may cause IUGR, IUD, pre-term birth,foetal distress, meconium stained liquor, cord compression, increase incidence of caesarean delivery, early neonatal hospitalisation. Objective: To compare the efficacy of intra-venous amino acid infusion and oral amino acid supplementation on improvement of AFI during 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Materials &Methods :106hospitalised pregnant patients........

Keywords: foetus, Oligohydromnios, Polyhydromnios, IUD

[1]. Rutherford SE, Phelan JP, Smith CV, Jacobs N.The four-quadrant assessment of amniotic fluid volume: an adjunct to antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;70(3):353-6.
[2]. J. G. Lalor, B. Fawole, Z. Alfirevic, and D. Devane, "Biophysical profile for fetal assessment in high risk pregnancies," The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 1, Article ID CD000038, 2008.
[3]. R. Liston, D. Sawchuck, and D. Young, "Fetal health surveillance: antepartum and intrapartum consensus guideline," Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, vol. 29, supplement 4, no. 9, pp. S3–S56, 2007.
[4]. A. Baschat, R. M. Viscardi, B. Hussey-Gardner, N. Hashmi, and C. Harman, "Infant neurodevelopment following fetal growth restriction: Relationship with antepartum surveillance parameters," Ultrasound in Obstetrics &Gynecology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 44–50, 2009
[5]. J. P. Phelan, C. V. Smith, P. Broussard, and M. Small, "Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36–42 weeks' gestation," Journal of Reproductive Medicine, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 540–542, 1987.

Abstract: Introduction: Tumors arising from the skin comprises a gamut of benign and malignant cutaneous lesions.Histopathology study of these lesions is quiet challenging due to its varied presentation. Aim:This cross sectional descriptive study is focussed to analyse the various cutaneous adnexal tumors with regard to age,sex,site,size, behaviour, origin of these tumors and to correlate with the clinical presentation. Methodology: 100 cutaneous adnexal lesions reported in the Department of Pathology,Stanley Medical College over a period of 2 years were taken up for the study. Sections were stained with routine haematoxylin and eosin stains followed by histopathological examination..........

Keywords: Histomorphology, , hair follicular differentiation, skin adnexal tumors

[1]. Does. V.,Hazarika S., Shukla N.,Kumar S.,Kar M.,Somiya A.-Surgical management of skin cancers:Experience from a regional cancer centre in North India.Ind J Cancer.42:145-150,2005.
[2]. Ahmed TSS, Priore JD, Seykora JT. Tumors of epidermal appendages. In: Lever's Histopathology of the Skin, 9th edn, Elder DE, Elenitsas R, Johnson BL, Murphy GF (Eds.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. pp. 867–8.
[3]. Alam S, Lateefa M, Mohanty R. Histopathological study of 26 rare skin adnexal tumours over years – a diagnostic dilemma!. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2016;5:1995-1998
[4]. 4)Radhika K, Phaneendra BV, .Rukmangadha N, Reddy MK.A study of biopsy confirmed skin adnexal tumours:experience at a tertiary teaching hospital. J Clin Sci Res 2013:2:132 -8.
[5]. Shubha P Bhat, Kishan Prasad HL, Vadisha Srinivas Bhat, JayaprakashShetty K..

Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this investigation was to assess shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic bracket bonded to the buccal and lingual enamel using two orthodontic adhesives: resin-modified glass-ionomer and resin composite. Methods: Twenty buccal and 20 lingual human premolar enamel surfaces, allocated into four groups 10/each were used in this study. Metal brackets were bonded to each surface using resin-modified glass-ionomer or resin composite orthodontic adhesive and excess was removed with a brush. Specimens were stored for 24 hours, subjected to thermocycling and shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Remaining..........

Keywords: Orthodontic Brackets, Shear Bond Strength, Orthodontic Adhesives, Enamel

[1]. Powers JM, Kim HB, Turner DS. Orthodontic adhesives and bond strength testing. Semin Orthod. 1997;3:147-56.
[2]. Romano F, Correr A, Sobrinho L. Shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with a new orthodontic composite. Braz J Oral Sci. 2009;8:76-80.
[3]. Coonar AK, Jones SP, Pearson GJ. An ex vivo investigation into the fluoride release and absorption profiles of three orthodontic adhesives. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23:417-24.
[4]. Kelly VM. JCO/interviews Dr. Vincent M. Kelly on lingual orthodontics. J Clin Orthod. 1982;16:461-76.

[5]. Chumak L, Galil KA, Way DC, Johnson LN, Hunter WS. An in vitro investigation of lingual bonding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;95:20-8..

Abstract: Clefts of the lip and palate generally represent a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the lips and oral cavity. Cleft palate affects almost every function of the face except vision. Effects on speech, hearing, appearance, and psychology can lead to long lasting adverse outcomes for health and social integration. Typically, children with these disorders need multidisciplinary care from birth to adulthood and have higher morbidity and mortality throughout life than do unaffected individuals. Objectives of this study were to describe congenital malformations associated with cleft lip and palate and to describe the ratio of cleft palate in males and females. The study aims at highlighting the presence of congenital malformations associated with cleft lip and palate. And the relationship between the type of cleft and associated malformations.

Keywords: Cleft lip, Cleft palate, Associated congenital malformations.

[1]. Muhamad AH, Azzaldeen A (2012) Genetic of Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate. 1:510. doi:10.4172/scientificreports.510
[2]. Abu-Hussein Muhamad, Abdulgani Azzaldeen and Nizar Watted; CLEFT LIP AND PALATE; A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences 2014 Vol. 4 (1) ,338-355
[3]. Abu - Hussein Muhamad; Cleft Lip and Palate: Etiological Factors, A Review. Indian J Dent Adv 2012; 4(2),831-837
[4]. Abu-Hussein Muhamad, Abdulgani Azzaldeen, Watted Nezar, Kassem Firas. The
[5]. Multifactorial Factors Influencing Cleft Lip-Literature Review. International Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2014, 90-96..

Abstract: Fistula in ano is the common surgical problem prevalent worldwide and is also considered one of the commonest cause for a persistent sero-purulent discharge that irritates the skin in the neighborhood and causes discomfort. It forms a good majority of treatable benign lesions of rectum and anal canal. 90% or so of these cases are end result of cryptoglandular infection. Diagnosis of fistula in ano is made on the basis of complaints of the patients, physical examination and investigations. The only accepted treatment for fistula in ano today is surgery. Complications of fistula surgery are myriad and include faecal soilage, mucous discharge, varying degree of incontinence, recurrent abscess and fistula.

Keywords: Fistula-in-ano, Anal Fistula, Fistulotomy, Fistulectomy, Seton Stitch, Anal Advancement Flap, Perianal discharge,.

[1]. Hancock BD. ABC of colorectal diseases. Anal fissures and fistulas. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 1992 Apr 4;304(6831):904.
[2]. Parks AG, Stitz RW. The treatment of high fistula-in-ano. Diseases of the colon and rectum. 1976 Sep;19(6):487.
[3]. Janugade HB, Tata NH, Ashar SM, Janugade DH, Kamboj P. A clinico-pathological study of fistula-in-ano. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2016 Oct 27;5(86):6395-9.
[4]. Garg P, Song J, Bhatia A, Kalia H, Menon GR. The efficacy of anal fistula plug in fistula‐in‐ano: a systematic review. Colorectal disease. 2010 Oct 1;12(10):965-70.
[5]. Faujdar HS, Mehta GG, Agarwal RK, Malpani NK. Management of fistula in ano. Journal of postgraduate medicine. 1981 Jul 1;27(3):172...

Abstract: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. India ranks second in the world with 165.1 million diabetic patients. The various lower limb complications in diabetic patients are peripheral neuropathy, Charcot's arthropathy, foot ulcers, infections and lower extremity amputations1 which may lead to hospitalization and disability among the diabetics2Indolent, non healing foot ulcers constitute a major problem that plagues those with diabetes due to angiopathy and neuropathy. It is well known that the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in wound healing involve cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis3. Abnormalities of distinct factors contribute to defective wound healing in diabetes, including decreased growth factor production4, angiogenic response5,6, macrophage function5, collagen accumulation, epidermal barrier function, and keratinocyte........

[1]. McEwen LN, Ylitalo KR, Herman WH, Wrobel JS. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes-related foot complications in Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD). J Diabetes Complications 2013;27:588-92.
[2]. Bild DE, Selby JV, Sinnock P, Browner WS, Braveman P, Showstack JA. Lower-extremity amputation in people with diabetes. Epidemiology and prevention. Diabetes Care 1989;12:24-31.
[3]. . Falanga V. Wound healing and its impairment in the diabetic foot. Lancet. 2005;366:1736–1743.[PubMed]
[4]. Galkowska H, Wojewodzka U, Olszewski WL. Chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in keratinocytes and dermal endothelial cells in the margin of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Wound Repair Regen. 2006;14:558–565. [PubMed]
[5]. Maruyama K, Asai J, Ii M, Thorne T, Losordo DW, et al. Decreased macrophage number and activation lead to reduced lymphatic vessel formation and contribute to impaired diabetic wound healing. Am J Pathol. 2007;170:1178–1191. [PMC free article] [PubMed]..

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder being diagnosed. It is a chronic condition that is characterized by repetitive episodes of the upper airway obstruction resulting in intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation caused by arousals. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has been associated with an increased incidence of hypertension, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. Aim and Objectives: The aim was to determine the prevalence of Obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with metabolic syndrome and to determine whether OSA is associated with various components of metabolic syndrome. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study among 30 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome at department of endocrinology, Andhra Medical College, who were evaluated for OSA at Government Hospital for Chest and Communicable Diseases (GHCCD), Andhra medical college, Visakhapatnam, between March 2013 and September 2014 were included in the study............

Keywords: (Obstructive sleep apnoea), MS (Metabolic syndrome).

[1]. Van Cauter E, Spiegel K, Tasali E, Leproult R. Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Med 2008; 9(suppl):S23-8.
[2]. Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, Abraham WT, Costa F, Culebras A, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular nursing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;5 :686-717.
[3]. Reaven G. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988;37:1595-607.
[4]. Wilson PW, D‟Agostino RB, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2005;112 :3066-72.

Abstract: Cephalometric analysis has been a key element in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic, orthognathic and orthopedic patients for more than fifty years. Cephalometric radiography was introduced in 1931 by Broadbent and H. Hofrath1, who developed simultaneously and independently standardized methods for the production of cephalometric radiograph. Since the introduction of cephalometrics, there were many shortcomings of the technology that orthodontists had to accept as superimposition of anatomical structures, magnification problems and errors in landmark identification due to two dimensional representation of three dimensional objects. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) made the dream of three dimensional diagnosis and treatment planning come true. Since the early 2000s..........

[1]. Broadbent BH. A New X-Ray Technique And Its Application To Orthodontia. The Angle Orthodontist 1931;1:45-66.
[2]. Amr E-B, Yehya M. Inter-Occlusal Separation In CBCT Imaging: Rationale And Method. Open Journal Of Medical Imaging 2012;2012.
[3]. Swennen GR, Schutyser FA, Hausamen J-E. Three-Dimensional Cephalometry: A Color Atlas And Manual. Springer Science & Business Media; 2005.

[4]. Jacobson A, Jacobson RL. Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics To 3-D Imaging, (Book/CD-ROM Set). 2007.
[5]. De Oliveira AEF, Cevidanes LHS, Phillips C, Motta A, Burke B, Tyndall D. Observer Reliability Of Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Identification On Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, And Endodontology 2009;107:256-265..

Abstract: Total thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure which has well known complications and hypocalcemia is an important complication encountered commonly. Hypocalcemia is one of the serious complication of thyroid surgery especially total thyroidectomy. Incidence of hypocalcemia ranges from 2-30%(1). Occurrence of post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is commonly seen several days after total thyroidectomy. This delay will challenge many clinician to monitor serum calcium level periodically. Methods: Patients attending our outpatient surgical clinic with thyroid disorder requiring total thyroidectomy were selected. Total of 52 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were included in study in whom various factors predicting hypocalcemia in the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative period were assessed, with serial monitoring of postoperative calcium and PTH levels. Results: In our study the incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia.........

Keywords: Total Thyroidectomy, Hypocalcemia, Calcium, Pth.

[1]. Pattou F, Combemaia F, Fabre S et al. hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery. Incidence and prediction of outcome. World J.Surg.1998:22:718-24.
[2]. Fazia A. Estimation of ionized calcium levels after thyroidectomy, Kuwait Med. Journal 2005:37:169-72.
[3]. Bapat RD, Pai P ,Shah S, Bhandarker SD. Surgery for thyroid goiter in western India. A prospective analysis of 334 cases .J Post Grad Med 1993:39:202-4.
[4]. Glinoer D, Andry G, Samil N.Clinical aspect of early and late hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery Eur J of Surg.Onc.2000:26:571-7.
[5]. Rao RS,Jog VB,Baliya CA,Damle SR. Risk of hypoparathyroidism after surgery for carcinoma of thyroid.1990:12:321-5...

Abstract: Introduction: Intense forces during sleep bruxing behavior may negatively affect both adjacent and distant anatomic structures including the cervical area. Aim: Evaluate the frequency of morningawakening with cervical pain in different bruxing behavior subgroups ,and compare severity of bruxing behavior in those bruxers with or without a report of morning awakening with cervical pain. Material and Methods: History of signs and symptoms, self-report and clinical examination were used to evaluate282 mixed, 103 sleep, 61 diurnal bruxers with temporomandibular disorders, 28 bruxers without TMDs and 32 non bruxers without temporomandibular disorders. A questionnaire as part of a comprehensive method to assess diurnal, mixed and sleep bruxers............

Keywords: Sleep and diurnal bruxism. Temporomandibular Disorders.Morning awakening with cervical pain

[1]. Fantoni F, Salvetti G, Manfredini D, Bosco M. Current concepts on the functional somatic syndromes and temporomandibular disorders. Stomatologija 2007; 9: 3-9.
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[3]. Catanzariti JF,Debuse T, Duquesnoy B. Chronic neck pain and masticatory dysfunction. Joint Bone Spine 2005; 72: 515-19.

[4]. Friedman MH, Weisberg J. The craniocervical connection: a retrospective analysis of 300 whiplash patients with cervical and temporomandibular disorders. Cranio 2000; 18: 163-67.
[5]. Austin DG. Special considerations in orofacial pain and headache.Dent Clin North Am 1997; 41: 325-39..

Abstract: Introduction:Sexual abuse is a relatively common disorder in temporomandibularand bruxing behavior individuals and is associated with a number of psychiatric and psychological disorders. Aim: Evaluate scores in depression, somatization and dissociation, the strength of association in pairs of psychological variables and between severity of sexual abuse and depression, somatization and dissociation in temporomandibular disorders patients with sexual abuse history. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 50 temporomandibular disorder and bruxing behavior individuals with sexual abuse history, 50 temporomandibular disorder and bruxing behavior subjects without sexual abuse, and 50 individuals without temporomandibular disorders, no bruxing behavior and no sexual abuse history. Signs and symptoms, clinical examination, self-............

Keywords: Depression. Somatization.Dissociation.Bruxism.Temporomandibular disorders.Sexual Abuse

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[2]. Chen H, Slade G, Lim PF, Miller B, Maixner W, Diatchenko L. Relationships between temporomandibular disorders, widespread palpation tenderness and multiple pain conditions: Case control study. J Pain 2012; 13: 1016-27.
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[4]. Bader G, Lavigne GJ. Sleep bruxism: An overview of an oromandibular sleep movement disorder. Sleep Med Rev 2000; 4: 27-43.
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