iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2018

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of povidone iodine alone and in combination with antiseptic agent containing alcoholic chlorhexidine in preoperative skin preparation by taking swab culture and to compare the rate of postoperative wound infection in both the groups. Patients and methods: This hospital based comparative study includesSixty Patients (Thirty in each Group) with no focus of infection on the body undergoing clean elective surgery at Siddhartha Medical College and General Hospital from 1st July 2017 to28thFebruary 2018. Results: When compared to povidone iodine alone, using a combination of povidone iodine and alcoholic solution of chlorhexidine, wound infections were lesser and the colonization rates of the site of incision were reduced significantly. Hence Preoperative skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate 2.5% v/v in 70% propanol followed by aqueous povidone-iodine is an ideal regime as it has a broader antimicrobial spectrum and the rate of postoperative wound infections is much lower as compared to povidone iodine alone..

Keywords: Skin disinfection; Chlorhexidine; Propanol; Povidone-iodine; Bacterial colonization..

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[4]. Julia Langgartner, Hans– Jorg Linde, Norbert Lehn, Michael Reng, JurgenScholmerich and Thomas Gluck.2004, Jun. "Combined skin disinfection with chlorhexidine/propanol and aqueous povidone iodine reduces bacterial colonization of central venous catheters'Intensive care Medicine.30(6):1081 – 88.
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Abstract: One of the primary goals of a long term successful restorative therapy is to establish a physiologic periodontal climate that facilitates the maintenance of periodontal health .Tissue management includes placing the gingival tissues away from the preparation margins so that impression can be made, combined with providing for hemostasis when the gingival tissues are susceptible to bleeding. The purpose of this article is to discuss the various techniques which can provide adequate gingival retraction such as, mechanical, chemical, chemicomechanical, and surgical.

[1]. Bryan AW. Restorations contributing to the injury of the supporting structures. JADA. 1927;14:1486.
[2]. Padburyjr A, Eber R, wang HI. interactions between the gingiva and the margin of restorations. J clinperiodontoL 2003; 30: 379–385.
[3]. Schillinburg H.T, Hobo S and WhitsettL.D,Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics, 2nd edition, Chicago III, 1981, Quintenssence Publishing Co.:200-203.
[4]. Kanaparthy A.,KanaparthyR,Management of gingival tissue in restorative procedures.ejpmr,2015,2(6),73-78
[5]. Shujaulla S. et alGingival tissue retraction- a review: JIDENT issue 1 volume 1 october 2012..

Abstract: Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrinal abnormalities found in India and is coexisted with various metabolic disorders and mineral imbalances. Calcium deficiency is one of them, occurring due to uncorrected hypothyroidism for prolonged period. Present study was conducted with the aim to find relationship between thyroid profile and calcium level, among the rural population suffering from overt hypothyroidism of Bankura district, West Bengal. Subsequently, it was found that 67.9% participants suffering from overt hypothyroidism were found to have subnormal calcium level. Male preponderance (57.9% of all overt hypothyroid cases) was noted in hypocalcemia among hypothyroid persons. Serum calcium level was found to be in high significant negative correlation with TSH level (correlation coefficient= -0.626; Significance <0.001) and in high significant positive correlation with T4 level (correlation coefficient= 0.594; Significance <0.001). Low calcium might depress the activity of thyroid gland and produce hypothyroidism.

Keywords: Hypocalcemia, hypothyroidism, T4, TSH.

[1]. Bagchi S. Hypothyroidism in India: More to be done. Lancet. 2010; 2 (1): 778.
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[3]. Kisakol G, Kaya A, Gonen S, Tunc R. Bone and calcium metabolism in subclinical autoimmune hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Endocrine Journal. 2003; 50 (6): 657-661.
[4]. Chen AR, Goodman WG. Role of the calcium-sensing and extracellular calcium signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2004; 286: 1005–1011.
[5]. Arem R, Lim-Abrahan MA, Mallette LE. Concomitant Graves' disease and primary hyperparathyroidism. Influence of hyperthyroidism on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone. Am J Med. 1986; 80 (4): 693-698.

Abstract: Context: Siddha system of medicine is one of the pioneer systems of medicine practiced in southern part of India particularly in Tamilnadu. The system of medicine also deals with Paediatric diseases in a separate chapter "Balar Vakatam". Among the diseases of the children, nutritional disorders play a major role. "Pandu Noi" (Anaemia) is one among the nutritional disorders which hinders the growth and development of the children. It is caused by the deficiency of Iron in children. This Iron deficiency of anaemia is the most common nutritional disorder affecting not only the children but also the adult population particularly the pregnant and menstruating women in developing countries like India. In order to treat this disorder in children, safe and easily administrable syrup "Madhulai Manappagu.........

Keywords: Madhulai Manappagu, Pandu, Iron deficiency Anaemia, Physicochemical analysis, Phytochemical analysis

[1]. Uthamarayan, C.S., Siddha Maruthuvanga Churukkam (2nd Edition), Chennai, Tamilnadu Arasu Siddha Ariviyal Membattu kuzhu. 1983.
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[3]. Kapur D, Agarwal KN, Sharma S, Kela K, Kaur I. Iron status of children aged 9 – 36 months in an urban slum Integrated Child Development Services project in Delhi. Indian Pediatr 2002; 39: 136-144.
[4]. Verma M, Chhatwal J, Kaur G. Prevalence of anemia among urban school children of Punjab. Indian Pediatr. 1998; 35: 1181-1186.
[5]. Kapil U, Pradhan R. Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) in India: Its activities, present status and future strategy to reduce malnutrition. J Indian Medical Assoc 2000; 98: 1-9.

Abstract: Anthropometry is a precise method for evaluation of different measurements of dried bones and have been used as a technique to bring out regional and racial differences all over the world. Being an important anatomic unit, different anthropometric studies (including the present) have been undertaken on the tibia. The mean of values of Cross- Section Index of right and left tibia were found to be 80.85 and 76.17 respectively. The mean of Cnemicus Index of right and left tibia was 80.43 & 75.59 respectively. The mean of Length- Thickness Index of right and left tibia was calculated to be 30.05 & 29.71 respectively. Out of these 3 indices, the values of Cross- Section Index & Cnemicus Index were found to be statistically significant.

Key words: Anthropometry, Tibia, Cross- Section Index, Length Thickness Index, Cnemicus Index

[1]. Moore K.L; Dalley A.F, Agur A.M.R. Lower limb. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 6th ed.,Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Baltimore.2010: 520-521
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Abstract: Aim:The aim of this survey was to study the prevalence of areca/betel nut chewing & establish correlation with facial and dental characteristics in school going children.Method:A population-based questionnaire study was carried out in school going children of rural area of Dhamatwan Village, Daskroi District, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in school going children aged between 13-17 years(Class of 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th) (14.75 ± 1.117 years) with a sample size of 214 were included in the study. The subjects were examined clinically by a single investigator and questionnaire based on areca/betel nut chewing habit got filled after interviewing school children.Extra-oral Facial profile examination and Intra-oral examination in sagittal, vertical.........

Key words: Areca/Betel nut, Oral Submucosal Fibrosis(OSMF), Public Awareness, Malocclusion

[1]. Akhtar S. Areca nut chewing and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma risk in Asians: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Cancer causes & control: CCC. 2013;24(2):257-65.
[2]. Rajalalitha P, Vali S. Molecular pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis--a collagen metabolic disorder. Journal of oral pathology & medicine: official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 2005;34(6):321-28.
[3]. Sudarshan R, Annigeri RG, Vijayabala GS. Pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: The past and current concepts. Int J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 3:27-36.
[4]. Tilakaratne WM, Klinikowski MF, Saku T, Peters TJ, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral submucous fibrosis: Review on etiology and pathogenesis. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:561-8.
[5]. Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Pindborg JJ, Daftary DK, Gupta PC, Mehta FS. Malignant transformation rates in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1985. 13:340-1..

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal range of values for dental and soft tissues relationships as related to the aesthetics of smile in a young adult Nigerian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 170 subjects included in this study were dental students of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria and the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. They had an age range of 18-25 years (mean age, 21.6±2.2 years) with 102 females and 68 males. Frontal posed smile photographs were taken of all subjects. Quantitative measurements of both soft and hard tissues were made by using a Photoshop, CS, 1995-2010 adobe system incorporated. RESULT: The incisal display for an aesthetic smile in this population was 9.2mm, the smile line was an average smile and the smile index was 7.55mm..........

Key words: hard and soft tissues, posed smile, aesthetics

[1]. W.R Proffit, H.W Fields, Contemporary orthodontics, St Louis; Mo.Mosby, 2007, pp. 586-87.
[2]. S.Peck, L.Peck. " Selected aspects of the art and science of facial aesthetics"Seminar in Orthodontics; vol. 1, pp. 105-26, 1995.
[3]. V. Krishnan, T.D.Sunish, L. Don, A. Abin."Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures and modified smile index"Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop; vol. 133, pp. 515-23, 2008.
[4]. O.H. Rigsbee, T.P.Sperry, E.A. BeGole "The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics" Int. J Orthod Res, vol. 3, pp. 23-9, 1998.
[5]. D.M. Sarver, M.B. Ackerman. " Dynamic smile visualization and quantification, Part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture" Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop, vol. 124, pp. 4-12, 2003..

Abstract: Background The Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV has proven to be of public health importance since more than 90% of HIV infections in children are gotten via vertical transmission. This study set out to determine the prevalence of post natal HIV, the impact of PMTCT on the post natal HIV and the risk factors. Methods: The study was a retrospective cross sectional study done between January 2015 to December 2017 at the Anti-retroviral Treatment Clinic of the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia. Results: A total of 579 Dried Blood Spot (DBS) sample were taken and sent for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) within the period. Four hundred and forty nine results were gotten as at the time of compiling this result (others are being awaited). The prevalence of postnatal HIV was 2.7%. Only one out of the twelve positive results partook in the PMTCT program..........

Key words: antiretroviral, impact, post natal HIV, prevention of mother to child transmission.

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[5]. Sherr L, Cluver L, Betancourt T, Kellerman S, Richter L, Desmond C. Evidence of impact: health, psychological and social effects of adult HIV on children. AIDS. 2014;28:S251 – S259.

Abstract: May-Thurner Syndrome(MTS) is a type of venous compression syndrome typically characterized by the compression of left common iliac vein by the overlying right common iliac artery and the fifth lumbar vertebra causing venous obstruction, venous insufficiency, and left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentations and imaging. This review article gives a brief summary on different imaging modalities that are used to diagnose MTS. The initial diagnostic workup is the doppler ultrasound which can easily detect lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT)but doesn't give clear information about the venous abnormalities or any anatomic changes in the pelvic area. Both Computed Tomography (CT) venography and Magnetic Resonance (MR.............

Key words: Words: May-Thurner Syndrome - doppler ultrasound - ct venography - mr venography - contrast venography - intravascular ultrasound

[1]. Zucker EJ, Ganguli S, Ghoshhajra BB, Gupta R, Prabhakar AM. Imaging of venous compression syndromes. CardiovascDiagnTher 2016;6(6):519-532. doi: 10.21037/cdt.2016.11.19 [2]. May R, Thurner J. The cause of the predominantly sinistral occurrence of thrombosis of the pelvic veins. Angiology. 1957;8:419–27. doi: 10.1177/000331975700800505
[3]. Knuttinen MG, Naidu S, Oklu R, Kriegshauser S, Eversman W, Rotellini L, Thorpe PE. MayThurner: diagnosis and endovascular management. CardiovascDiagnTher 2017;7(Suppl 3):S159-S164. doi: 10.21037/ cdt.2017.10.14 [4]. Nazzal M, El-Fedaly M, Kazan V, Qu W, Renno AW, Al-Natour M, et al. Incidence and clinical significance of iliac vein compression. Vascular. 2015;23:337–43. doi: 10.1177/1708538114551194.
[5]. Kalu S., Shah P., Natarajan A., Nwankwo N., Mustafa U., Hussain N. May-Thurner syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Case Reports in Vascular Medicine. 2013;2013:5. doi: 10.1155/2013/740182.740182..

Abstract: Les évènements thrombotiques notamment l'embolie pulmonaire sont une des manifestations du syndrome des antiphospholipides (SAPL). L'aspect pulmonaire de cette maladie regroupe, en dehors des embolies pulmonaires, des manifestations rares comme l'hémorragie intra-alvéolaire qui doit faire évoquer un syndrome catastrophique des SAPL. L'hémorragie alvéolaire dans ce cadre est importante à reconnaître car elle peut faire partie de la maladie ou elle peut être secondaire au traitement anticoagulant. Les stratégies thérapeutiques sont alors différentes. Nous présentons le cas d'une jeune patiente admise pour une hémorragie intra alvéolaire avec insuffisance rénale rapidement progressive, traitée par corticothérapie, cyclophosphamide ;rituximab ;immunoglobuline intraveineux et échanges plasmatiques avec amélioration ; dans le cadre de recherche étiologique le diagnostic.......

Key words: Pulmonaryembolus ;Antiphospholipid syndrome ;Alveolar haemorrhage;Plasmapheresis

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Abstract: Fernstrom and Johansson first removed a renal calculus through a nephrostomy tract in 1976, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is now accepted as the procedure of choice .15 (group A) and 14 (group B) patients underwent Lithoclast PCNL and combination therapy, respectively, from March 2017 to July 2017, and the two groups were compared in terms of stone size, location, and composition, operative time; average number of treatments; hospital days; hemoglobin loss; ancillary procedures; rate of device failure; and initial and total stone-free rates.The two groups did not differ significantly in preoperative stone size, location, or composition; the average number of treatments; or the initial and overall stone-free rates. However, combination therapy was associated with a significantly lower operative time number of hospital days and average hemoglobin loss . Transfusions were required in..........

[1]. Fernström I, Johansson B. Percutaneous pyelolithotomy. A new extraction technique. Scand J UrolNephrol 1976;10:257-9.
[2]. Marguet CG, Springhart WP, Tan YH, Patel A, Undre S, Albala DM, et al. Simultaneous combined use of flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy to reduce the number of ac-cess tracts in the management of complex renal calculi. BJU Int 2005;96:1097-100.
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Abstract: Objective: To determine the predictors of infectious complications following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in a prospective study. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients with renal or upper ureteric calculi who underwent PCNL between January 2016 and December 2017 were included in the study. Infectious complications included febrile urinary tract infection and septicemia. The patients were divided into Group A and B depending on whether they developed or did not develop infectious complications. Patient, stone, renal, and procedure‑related factors were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference.........

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, febrile urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Septicaemia

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[3]. Fernström I, Johansson B. Percutaneous pyelolithotomy. A new extraction technique. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1976;10:257–9
[4]. Osman M, Wendt-Nordahl G, Heger K, Michel M. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy with ultrasonography-guided renal access: Experience from over 300 cases. BJU Int. 2005;96:875–8.
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Abstract: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD), caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. Syphilis affects nearly 1.36 million pregnant women, majority of these cases being concentrated in the developing countries. This hospital based retrospective study was conducted to understand the syphilis prevalence among ANC cases and STD clinic attendees in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. The data was collected by retrospective analysis of laboratory records over a period of one year from January 2017 to December 2017. Blood samples received from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and STD clinic attendees were taken up for the study. All the serum samples were subjected to qualitative Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test using standard procedures and the reactive samples were further tested by quantitative RPR and Treponema..........

Key Words: Syphilis, Seroprevalence, ANC, STD clinic, RPR, TPHA

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Abstract: Three- dimensional obturation of the radicular space is essential to long- term success of root canal system. The sealer plays an important role in the root canal filling. This study compared and evaluated the clinical success and biocompatibility of Bioceramic root canal sealer with MTA based sealer, Resin based sealer and Zinc oxide based sealer as an obturating material

Keywords: Bioceramic sealer, Root canal obturation, Smartpaste bio.

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