iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis accounts for one third of fungal skin infections. The clinical presentation is often confused with other conditions, making laboratory diagnosis and confirmation necessary. Accurate identification of etiological agent is important, as the treatment is different for dermatophytes and non dermatophytes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1.To isolate and identify the causative agents for onychomycosis. 2. To study the occupational status of the study group. METHODOLOGY: The present study was conducted in the department of D.V.L, GGH, Guntur. Among the 45 suspected cases of onychomycosis, nail clippings were taken and sent to microbiological department for microscopy and fungal culture by standard laboratory techniques.......

Key words: Onychomycosis, Dermatophytes, Yeast.

[1]. Kaur R, Kashyap B, Bhalla P. Onychomycosis-epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2008; 26(2): 108-16.
[2]. Scher RK. Onychomycosis: a significant medical disorder. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996; 35: S2-S5.
[3]. Midgley G, Moore MK. Nail infections. Dermatol Clin. 1996; 14: 41-49.
[4]. Baran R, Hay RJ , Tosti A, Haneke E. A new classification of onychomycosis. Br. J Dermatol. 1998; 139: 567-71.
[5]. Williams HC. The epidemiology of onychomycosis in Britain. Br J Dermatol. 1993; 129:101-9.

Abstract: Background: Knowledge of arterial variations is extremely important as these may be the source of intraoperative iatrogenic haemorrhage or post operative complications. Arterial variations of the lower extremity are important because of their close association with repair of femoral hernias. Anomalous route of the lateral circumflex femoral artery is of utmost importance to surgeons while raising free rectus femoris muscle flaps with a branch of posterior division of the femoral nerve, for one stage reconstruction of facial paralysis. Materials and methods- Adult thigh specimens were obtained from 25 adult cadavers allotted for dissection to the I MBBS students in the Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai. The method of study was direct dissection method...........

Key words: origin; lateral circumflex femoral artery; distance

[1]. Tansalit Tanyaa, Wanidchapholoii S, Sanguasit Pasinee : The Anatomy Of The Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery In Anterolateral Thigh Flap: J Med Assoc Thai, 2008; 91[9]: 1404-09.
[2]. Sinkeet SR ; Ogengo J; Elbusaidy H; Olabu BO ; Irungu MV- Variant Origin Of The Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery In A Black Kenyan Population : Folia Morphol [Warsz] 2012 Feb 7 1 [1] : 15-8.
[3]. Sangeetha J Ranjani; Minal K Ravat; Jitendra K Ranjani; Amul N Bhedi-Cadaveric Study Of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery/ IJARS / 2016/ 20325.2134.
[4]. Uzel M , Tanyeli E, Yildirim M. Anatomical Study Of The Lateral Circumflex Artery In Turkish Population: Folio Morphol. 2008: 67 [4]: 226-30.
[5]. Fakuda H, Ashida M, Ishil R , Ibukuko K. Anatomical Variations Of The Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery: An Angiographic Study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2005: 27 [3] : 260-64.

Abstract: Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is the world's second leading cause of long-term disability. Mass Drug Administration (MDA) is the adopted strategy for elimination by which every individual is to be administered an annual single supervised dose of anti-filarial drugs. This process is to be repeated every year for ≥five years with ≥85% actual drug compliance. After last round of MDA in Purba Bardhaman district (2017-18), a coverage evaluation survey was conducted with objectives to assess coverage and compliance, reasons for non-compliance, side effects experienced, awareness about MDA and the constraints in implementing. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three villages and one ward of PurbaBardhaman district, selected by multi stage random...........

Key words: Coverage Evaluation Survey, Lymphatic Filariasis, Mass Drug Administration, PurbaBardhaman

[1]. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services. Filariasis control in India & its elimination. New Delhi: National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. Available from: http://nvbdcp.gov.in/doc/guidelines-filariasis-elimination-india. [Last accessed on 2018 Apr 15]
[2]. World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in the South-East Asia Region. Report of the eighth meeting of the regional programme review group (RPRG), Colombo, Sri Lanka 2011. Available from: http://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B4984.pdf [Last accessed on 2018 Apr 11]
[3]. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services. Lf endemic districts. New Delhi: National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. Available from: http://www.nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/Lf-Endemic-Districts.pdf [Last accessed on 2018 Apr 18]
[4]. World Health Organization. Coverage Evaluation Surveys for Preventive Chemotherapy: Field guide for Implementation 2016. Available.

Abstract: Aim:The study aims to assess the awareness of forensic dentistry among advocates and their participation in any case involving forensic dentistry.Methodology: A cross-sectional study among 200 advocates classified under years of experience and place of practice. Ethical Approval was given from the Institutional Review Board of SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, after explaining the study completely. The Pearson's Chi Square was used to assess the association between certain data and the p-value was set at 0.05. Results: Majority of the advocates were aware of bite mark analysis in all the groups of years of experience which increased with increase in years of experience with almost 66% of the advocates with35-41 years of experience. Advocates with the superlative years of experience were furthermore aware of both rugae and lip mark analysis when equated to the other groups.Conclusion:The inclusion of Forensics as a part of curriculum or as an extra short interval course could benefit both the Lawyers and the general public so as to bring about justice in most of the cases..

Keywords: Forensics, Advocates, Cognizance, Forensic dentistry, Experience

[1]. Keiser-Nielsen S. Person Identification by Means of the Teeth. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 1981 Jun 1;2(2):189.
[2]. Balachander N, Babu NA, Jimson S, Priyadharsini C, Masthan KM. Evolution of forensic odontology: An overview. Journal of pharmacy &bioallied sciences. 2015 Apr;7(Suppl 1):S176.
[3]. Whittaker DK. An introduction to forensic dentistry. Quintessence International. 1994 Oct 1;25(10).
[4]. Shafer H. Levy. Shafer's textbook of Oral pathology. R Rajendran, B Sivapathasundharam. Editors.
[5]. Riaud X. Forensic identification of a damned couple: Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun.

Abstract: Introduction: Advancing age brings about socioeconomic, lifestyle and biological changes.This is also associated with deterioration in the functioning of various organs like kidney. This may affect the final step of vitamin D activation resulting in vitamin D deficiency. There is a need to evaluate the strength of association between vitamin D status and age. The aim of the study was to compare vitamin D levels in elderly with young adults and also to find the association of age and vitamin D levels. Methodology: Data of Vitamin D levels of 73 elderly patients (>60 years) as cases and 88 patients who were <60 years of age as controls , who visited clinical biochemistry laboratory for sampling was collected. 25-OH vitamin D was estimated in clinical...........

Key Words-vitamin D, elderly individuals, young adults

[1]. Melk A. 2003.Senescence of renal cells: molecular basis and clinical implications. Nephrol Dial Transplant18:2474–2478.
[2]. Bullamore JR, Gallagher JC, Wilkinson R, et al. Effect of age on calcium absorption. Lancet. 1970; II:535–537.
[3]. Ireland P, Fordtran JS. Effect of dietary calcium and age on jejunal calcium absorption in human studies by intestinal perfusion. J Clin Invest. 1973; 52:2672–2681
[4]. Li YC, Pirro AE, Amling M, et al. Targeted ablation of the vitamin D receptor: an animal model of vitamin D-dependent rickets type II with alopecia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94:9831–9835

[5]. Francis RM, Peacock M, Taylor GA, et al. Calcium malabsorption in elderly women with vertebral fractures: evidence for resistance to the action of vitamin D metabolites on the bowel. Clin Sci (Lond). 1984; 66:103–107..

Abstract: Inguinal hernioplasty is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. Elective inguinal hernioplasty is considered to be a clean procedure which does not require antibiotics prophylaxis but prosthetic material like polypropylene mesh is routinely uses during procedure. This makes the topic debatable because use of prosthetic material like mesh increases the risk of surgical site infection. The incidences of surgical site infection (SSI) after inguinal hernioplasty ranges from 0 to 14 % in international literature. It is also more controversial whether single doses antibiotics or conventional multiple doses antibiotics for 5 to 7 days is effective. Our study aims to.........

[1]. Bendavid R. Complications of groin hernia surgery. SurgClin North Am. 1998;78:1089–1103
[2]. Gudiol F. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis tradition and change. Int J ClinPract. 1998;95(1):398-438.
[3]. Barie PS. Modern surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy–less is more. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2000; 1:23–29.
[4]. Kass EH. Antimicrobial drug usage in general hospitals in Pennsylvania. Ann Int Med. 1976;89:802-5.
[5]. Lim VKE, Cheong YM, Suleiman AB. Pattern of antibiotic usage in hospitals in Malaysia. Singapore Med J. 1993;34:525-8..

Abstract: Background: Knowledge of arterial variations is extremely important as these may be the source of intraoperative iatrogenic haemorrhage or post operative complications. Arterial variations of the lower extremity are important because of their close association with repair of femoral hernias. Anomalous route of the lateral circumflex femoral artery is of utmost importance to surgeons while raising free rectus femoris muscle flaps with a branch of posterior division of the femoral nerve, for one stage reconstruction of facial paralysis. Materials and methods- Adult thigh specimens were obtained from 25 adult cadavers allotted for dissection to the I MBBS students in the Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai. The method of study was direct dissection method.........

Keywords: origin; lateral circumflex femoral artery; distance

[1]. Tansalit Tanyaa, Wanidchapholoii S, Sanguasit Pasinee : The Anatomy Of The Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery In Anterolateral Thigh Flap: J Med Assoc Thai, 2008; 91[9]: 1404-09.
[2]. Sinkeet SR ; Ogengo J; Elbusaidy H; Olabu BO ; Irungu MV- Variant Origin Of The Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery In A Black Kenyan Population : Folia Morphol [Warsz] 2012 Feb 7 1 [1] : 15-8.
[3]. Sangeetha J Ranjani; Minal K Ravat; Jitendra K Ranjani; Amul N Bhedi-Cadaveric Study Of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery/ IJARS / 2016/ 20325.2134.
[4]. Uzel M , Tanyeli E, Yildirim M. Anatomical Study Of The Lateral Circumflex Artery In Turkish Population: Folio Morphol. 2008: 67 [4]: 226-30.
[5]. Fakuda H, Ashida M, Ishil R , Ibukuko K. Anatomical Variations Of The Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery: An Angiographic Study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2005: 27 [3] : 260-64..

Abstract: Introduction: Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is a common cause of lower extremity and low back pain. Interlaminar epidural steroid injection is commonly used for pain relief in spinal stenosis. In this study we evaluated the adjuvant effect of hyaluronidase to epidural steroid in increasing duration of pain relief and functional outcome in patients with central spinal stenosis. Material and methods: In this study 80 patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Group D received lumbar interlaminar epidural injection with 5ml Bupivacaine (0.25%), 2ml methylprednisolone (40mg/ml), 1 ml normal saline. Group DH received 5ml Bupivacaine (0.25% ), 2ml methylprednisolone (40mg/ml), 1 ml hyaluronidase 1500 IU. The effects were evaluated by Numeric pain rating scale (NPS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after intervention...........

Key Words- Hyaluronidase, Interlaminar Epidural Injection, Steroid, Central spinal stenosis.

[1]. Haig AJ, Tomkins CC. Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis. JAMA. 2010; 303:71-72.
[2]. Kovacs FM, Urrútia G, Alarcón JD. Surgery versus conservative treatment for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011; 36: E1335-E1351.
[3]. Laxmaiah Manchikanti, Kimberly A. Cash,, Carla D. McManus et al. Lumbar Interlaminar Epidural Injections in Central Spinal Stenosis: Preliminary Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Control Trial. Pain Physician 2012; 15:51-63.
[4]. Geurts JW, Kallewaard JW, Richardson J, Groen GJ. Targeted methylprednisolone acetate/hyaluronidase/clonidine injection after diagnostic epiduroscopy for chronic sciatica: A prospective, 1-year follow-up study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002; 27:343-352.
[5]. Menzel EJ, Farr C. Hyaluronidase and its substrate hyaluronan: biochemistry, biological activities and therapeutic uses. Cancer Lett. 1998; 131:3–11..

Abstract: Background and objectives: PROM is the rupture of membranes before the onset of labour. When it occurs at or beyond 37wks is term PROM and when membrane ruptures before 37wks it is known as preterm PROM (PPROM). PROM occurs in approx 10% of all pregnancies with majority of cases occurring after 37wks. Thus PROM is an important obstetrical event and is a challenge to the obstetrician to end this untoward event into an acceptable outcome for both mother and the foetus. The present study was carried out to find the various effect of PROM on mother and also to know the rupture and onset of labour interval, induction delivery interval and management protocol. Aim is to minimize various ill effects on mother with best management protocol. Methods:.........

Key Words- PROM, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption, puerperal sepsis

[1]. Arias F :Practicalguide to high risk pregnancy and delivery. 2nd edition. s.l. :Elsevier , a division of Reed Elsevier Private limited 2004,vol. 5:104-105
[2]. Penny C, Mc parland ,David j, Taylor et al. Recent advance in obstet and gynecol 2005: 23rd edition.
[3]. "Recent advances. Modena AB , K aihura C , FieneS:s.l.:Aeta biomed 2004,vols. 1:5-10.
[4]. PROM risk of recurrent complication in next pregnancy among a population based sample of gravid woman. Lee T,Carpenter MW , Herber WW, Silver HM:s.l.: AM J Obstetgynecol, vols.188:209-213.
[5]. Ferguson S.E., Smith GN, Salenietes ME, Windrim R and Walker MC. Prom its nutritional and socio economic factors. Obstet and gynecol 2002:100(1):1250-1286...

Abstract: Introduction: The placenta is a vital organ which is absolutely essential to the survive, growth, development and well being of the foetus. Placenta is a focus of increasing interest in modern obstetrics because significant pathology afflicts the placenta, often before affecting the foetus. Placental abnormalities, therefore, can be an "early warning system" for foetal problems. Aims: study of length and diameter of umbilical cord and its embryological significance Material and Methods: 130 placentas, umbilical cords and neonates constitute the material for the study. The mothers delivered at Kamla Raja Hospital, Gwalior, associated with G.R. Medical College were considered for the study. Result and discussion: In the present study the total length of the umbilical cord from the fetal end to placental..........

Key Words- Placenta, Umbilical cord, , Length of the cord,

[1]. Shunji S, Yukiko F. Length of the Umbilical Cord and Perinatal Outcomes in Japanese Singleton Pregnancies Delivered at Greater Than or Equal to 34 Weeks' Gestation. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2012;1(4-5):5762.
[2]. Standring S, Borley NR, Collins P et al.Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice-Pleura, lungs, trachea and bronchi.40th ed.Spain:Churchill Livingstone; 2008:182
[3]. Moore K.L. Persaud T.V.N (2003): the developing Human ; y Oriented embryology 7th Ed. .
[4]. Tropin R.(1965): Novek's : Gynaecological and Obstetrical pathology, 8th ed. (1979). Scynder Co. Philaldephia P.632...

Abstract: Porcelain veneers are steadily increasing in popularity among today's dental practitioners for conservative restoration of unaesthetic anterior teeth. The adhesive porcelain veneer complex has been proven to be a very strong complex in vitro and in vivo. An optimal bonded restoration was achieved especially if the preparation was located completely in enamel, if correct adhesive treatment procedures were carried out and if a suitable luting composite was selected. The maintenance of aesthetics of porcelain veneers in the medium to long term was excellent, patient satisfaction was high and porcelain veneers had no adverse effects on gingival health inpatients with an optimal oral hygiene. Major shortcomings of the porcelain veneer system were described as a relatively large marginal discrepancy, and an insufficient wear resistance of the luting composite. Although these shortcomings had no direct impact on the clinical success of porcelain veneers.

Key Words- Ceramic, Esthetics, fluorosis, Etching, bonding

[1]. Chia-yung lin bor-shiunn lee ming-shu lee min-huey chen, Patients with discolored and malaligned anterior teeth able to obtain significant esthetic improvement after restoration with CAD/CAM (Cerec 3D) porcelain veneers ─ case report; J Dent Sci 2006 Vol 1.No 2
[2]. Diemah F. Alhekeir, Rana A. Al-Sarhan, Abdulmohsen F. Al Mashaan Porcelain laminate veneers: Clinical survey for evaluation of failure, The Saudi Dental journal 2014
[3]. Troedson M, De´rand T. Shear stresses in the adhesive layer under porcelain veneers. A finite element method study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1998;56:257–62.
[4]. Clyde JS, Gilmoure A. Porcelain veneers: a preliminary review. British Dental Journal 1988;164:9–14.
[5]. Albers HF. Bonded tooth colored restoratives: indirect bonded restorations, Santa Rosa: Alto Books, 1989. p. 1–42 Supplement...

Abstract: Various treatment modalities have been proposed for the management of Reinke's edema. Conventional cold knife surgery, laser assisted surgery and microdebrider assisted surgeries have been reported in various studies to have variable success rates in term of vocal outcomes. The aim of the present study is to compare the vocal outcomes of microflap based vocal cord reduction using cold knife and CO2 laser for managing patients with Reinke's edema. The study involves a retrospective analysis of 24 consecutive patients meeting inclusion criterion undergoing vocal cord reduction for managing Reinke's edema using cold knife or CO2 laser in our institution. The pre and postoperative VHI and VQE scores were measured and compared. There was a significant improvement in the postoperative scores in both the cold knife as well as the CO2 laser group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores when compared between the two groups (p> .05, Paired T-Test). In conclusion, both cold knife and CO2 laser assisted reduction of vocal cords for management of Reinke's edema are effective procedures. There is no significantly significant difference in the outcome of this procedure when performed with cold knife vis-à-vis CO2 laser..

Key Words- Vocal cord, Reinke's edema, Hoarseness, CO2 laser, Microlaryngeal surgery.

[1]. Siupsinskiene N, Skumaniene M. Phonatory characteristics following different surgical techniques in the treatment of Reink's edema. Medicina 2002; 38(10: 982-9.
[2]. Zeitels SM, Bunting GW, Hi llman RE, V aughn T. Reinke's edema: phonatory mechanisms and management startegies. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997; 106:533-43.
[3]. Goswami S, Patra TK. A clinic-pathological study of Reink's edema. Ind J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 55(3): 160-5.
[4]. Campagnolo AM, Tsuji DS, Sennes LU, Imamura R. Steroid injection in chronic inflammatory vocal fold disorders, literature review. Rev Bras Otorrhinolaringol 2008; 74(6): 926-32.
[5]. Lee SW, Park KN. Long-term efficacy of percutaneous steroid injection for treating benign vocal fold lesions: A prospective study. Laryngoscope. 2016 Oct;126(10):2315-9...

Abstract: Background and objectives : Tracheostomy is making an opening in the anterior wall of trachea and converting it into a stoma on the skin surface.Adequate tracheostomy care is required to prevent complications in the post operative days. This study was to assess whether all patients of post tracheostomy managed by tertiary care centre meets international guidelines for tube care and also tracheostomy related complications.Materials and Method: The study was conducted in the department otorhinolaryngology, PSGIMS&R, Tamil Nadu, India between March 2015 to May 2015.Result: The total numbers of cases were 23.Average tracheostomized patients age group were 45-70............

Key Words- Tracheostomy, tube care, suction, complications.

[1]. .PL Dhingra,ShrutI Dhingra, Diseases of Ear, Nose and throat & head and neck surgery,6TH edition,tracheostomy and other other procedures for airway management,64;316-320.
[2]. Michael Saunders, Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, 7th edition, volume i, 93; 1194-1207.
[3]. Bailey c, Kattwinkel j; Teja k, Buckley t.Shallow versus deep endotracheal suctioning in young rabbits: pathologic effects on the tracheobronchial wall.pediatrics.1988; 82; 746-51.
[4]. Raymond Sj.normal saline instillation before suctioning helpful or harmful? A review of the literature. American journal of critical care. 1995.4:267-71.
[5]. http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/tracheostomy/living/suctioning.html..

Abstract: Objective : Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disease which affectswomen of reproductive age. The lack of well- defineddiagnostic criteria makes identification of this common diseaseconfusing to many clinicians. In addition to the needs of identification the differential diagnosis of the variedmanifestations of the disorder .The importance of the study derived from the importance need of those caring patients to understand not only the management issues pertinent to theirspecialty, but also appreciate the other potential health risks inthese women. Methods: The incidence of infertility caused by PCOS has been increased in Sudan. So to assessment characteristics of the disease,this study was conducted among Sudanese patients affecting from (PCOS) diagnosed by radiologic Ultrasonography (US).Population of the study including sample of 50 womenpatients ages 14 years and older..........

Key Words- Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Ultrasonography, fertility ,follicles

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