iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2018

Abstract: The present piece of work was studied in the population of Odisha to determine the ultrasonographic kidney dimensions in subjects without known renal disease. We studied weather age, sex, side, body mass index(BMI) and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic kidney disease affect the renal size. Material and Methods : 295 individuals were included in the study. After exclusion of diseased, 289 subjects were finally selected for this study.All ultrasounds were performed by an experienced facultyto exclude inter- observer variation. The effect of gender, age, side, height, weight, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease was statistically analyzed.Results :The mean renal length of right side (9.64 cm) was significantly smaller than that of left side (9.97 cm)...........

[1]. Walsh FB, Hoyt WF. Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. (Ed 3, Vol. 3. Baltimore, Williams &Wilkins, 1969)
[2]. Wolin MJ, Lavin PJM: Spontaneous Visual Recovery From Traumatic Optic Neuropathy After Blunt Head Injury. Am J Ophthalmol1990; 109: 430 – 435.
[3]. Edwards P, Arango M, Balica L, Et Al: Final Results Of MRC CRASH, A Trial Of Intravenous Corticosteroid In Adults With Head Injury Outcomes At 6 Months. Lancet 2005; 365: 1957 – 1959
[4]. Sundeep, H Niveditha, Nivedhitha Nikhil, B V Vinutha. "Visual Outcome Of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy In Patients Treated With Intravenous Methylprednisolone". Int J Sci Stud; 2(3) 2014;67-70.
[5]. Lee KF, Muhd Nor NI, Yaakub A, Wan Hitam WH. Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Reviewof 24 Patients.Int J Ophthalmol3(2)2010: 175-178

Abstract: Areca catechu L is a slender and tall palm grown mostly in tropical and subtropical climate. It's fruit or nut is called arecanut or betel nut. This nut, in combination with several other ingredients, is considered to be the common masticatory being practiced since several centuries by human population all over the world as this nut is believed to have certain medicinal properties. However, several scientific reports say that chewing arecanut or betel nut is not good for human health and even causes cancer. On close examination of several such reports, it looks as if the conclusions were drawn hastily and the method of approach lacked clarity. In some reports the terminology itself was ambiguous. Several studies were conducted by unusual methods of application such as by injection or by applying directly on cultured cells. Correlating such results either with the chewing habits of arecanut or certain chewing products...........

[1] Rao MM. Origin and distribution of the arecanut palm. In: The arecanut palm (Eds: Bavappa KVA, Nair NM, Kumar TP), Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod: 670 124, Kerala, India. 1982; 2-3.
[2] IARC. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Betel quid and arecanut chewing and some arecanut derived nitrosamines. 85 IARC, Lyon, France. 2004; 85: 37-293
[3] Bhat PSI, Rao KSN. On the antiquity of arecanut. Arecanut J. 1962; 13(1): 13-21.
[4] Oxenham MF, Locher C, Cuong NL, Thuy NK. Identification of Areca catechu (betel nut) residues on the dentition of Bronze age inhabitants of Nui Np, Northern Vietnam. J Archaeol Sci. 2002; 29(1):1-7.
[5] Aman. Medicinal secrets of your food. The Wesley Press, 1969; 598-605.

Abstract: Objectives :To Determine the safety and effectiveness of Para-cervical Block for cervical dilatation and uterine evacuation by MVA method for patients, who are at high risk for developing general anesthesia related complications. Materials & Methods: This descriptive (cross sectional) study was conducted at tertiary care center between September 2017 to February 2018. Total 212 patients had undergone MVA procedure for First trimester incomplete abortion of 12 weeks gestation or less than it. Among them, 162 patients received general anesthesia and remaining, 50 patients received para cervical block. All those 50 patients were counselled regarding MVA procedure under para cervical block. Preoperatively, all patients were given Injection Diclofenac sodium and Injection Atropine Intra-muscularly. All the patients were asked to evaluate the level of pain on a visual analog scale ranged from 0-10...........

[1]. D.C. DUTTA. Hemorrhage in Early pregnancy. In textbook of Obstetrics, 8th ed: 2015.
[2]. Practical obstetrics and gyneacology, Ajit virkud,first trimester termination methods, 5th edition;2018
[3]. Lukman, Pogharian. Management of Incomplete Abortion with MVA- In Comparison to Sharp Metallic Curette in an Ethiopian Setting. Dept. of Obs & Gynae. Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty, Ethiopia, Sept, 1996; 73(9):598 603.
[4]. Girvin S. Increasing access, improving quality: lessons learned from post abortion care programmes, at "Issues in Establishing Postabortion Care Services in Low-Resource Settings" workshop sponsored by the JHPIEGO Corporation in Baltimore, Maryland, May 20-21, 1999.
[5]. Clinical practice handbook for Safe abortion – World Health Organization, Section 2- Page 27.

Abstract: Objective: To improve practice of pregnancy termination during first trimester which helps in decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality significantly due to prevention of septic abortion and haemorrhage which are the major complications

[1]. overview of obestetrics , Williams obstetrics , 23rd edition.
[2]. Teliande's operative gynecology ,10th edition.
[3]. World health organisation (WHO) 2003, Safe abortion : Technical and policy guidance for health system Geneva,WHO.
[4]. medical vs surgical method for first trimester pregnancy termination (review) 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by john Wiley & Sons Ltd.
[5]. United nations population division. 1999

Abstract: A 15 year old boy was admitted with a history of lower abdomen pain and vomiting for 2 months. On evaluation ct pictures were suggestive of small bowel lymphoma. He underwent laparotomy and found to have tumor arising from ileum, ileal resection and anastomosis was done. Post operative biopsy was consistent with high grade burkitt"s lymphoma. Patient was planned for adjuvant chemotherapy. This case is reported for its rarity.

Keywords: Burkitt"s lymphoma-cect-resection and anastomosis

[1] Herbert J.Zeh. Cancers of the small intestine. In, Devita (ed). Cancer principles and practice of oncology, 9th edition. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams, 2011;1056.

[2] Koroukov B. Multiple Burkitt′s Small bowel Lymphoma complicated by acute intestinal obstruction (a clinical case report and review of publication). J Med Health Sci 2011;9:77-82

[3] Hoxha FT, Hashani SI, Krasniqi AS, Kurshumliu FI, Komoni DS, Hasimja SM, et al. Intussusceptions as acute abdomen caused by Burkitt lymphoma: A case report. Cases J 2009;2:9322

Abstract: Background: Worldwide 94% of birth defects (i.e. 8.46 million infants) occur in the developing countries of the world to which Nigeria belongs. Tertiary centres-based studies showed that there must be variations in aetiological factors of birth defects in different regions of Nigeria. Objective: The objective of the study was to ascertain the aetiology of congenital abnormalities in Nigeria and identify any regional variation in the causative factors. Methodology: This was a mixed method study – systemic review and descriptive observational. 120 published works were reviewed and where any factor was blamed for birth defects, the prevailing situation was extrapolated to the present condition in Nigeria. The Nigerian national register of birth defects and national guidelines on its management were looked for. A qualitative review of the socioeconomic life, environmental pollution in Nigeria and telephone communication with consultants Obstetricians and Paediatricians on birth defects in different University Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria were carried out............

Key words: Aetiology, congenital abnormalities, Nigeria, birth defects

[1]. WHO Fact sheet on congenital abnormalities. Updated September 2016.www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs370/en/. Assessed 13/03/2018.
[2]. Wellesley D, Boyd P, Dolk H, Pattenden S. An aetiological classification of birth defects for epidemiological research. Journal of Medical Genetics. 2005; 42(1):54-57.

[3]. Dolk H, Vrijheid M. The impact of environmental pollution on congenital anomalies. Br Med Bull. 2003;68:25-45.
[4]. Turnpenny, P, Ellard S. Emery‟s Elements of Medical Genetics. 2005. 12th Edition. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.
[5]. MOD (March of Dimes). "The March of Dimes Global Report on Birth Defects: The Hidden Toll of Dying and Disabled Children." March of Dimes Birth Defects. 2006. Foundation White Plains, New York. http://www.marchofdimes.com/MOD-Report-PF.pdf.

Abstract: Adverse drug reactions are a major problem worldwide and are one among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. They are an important cause of hospitalization or prolongation of hospital stay. This study was conducted to find out the profile of ADR induced hospitalization in our tertiary care teaching hospital. A prospective, observational study was conducted over a period of 10 months in the department of Medicine. Cases admitted with suspected ADR in the in-patient department of Medicine were included in the study. The results showed that ADR related hospitalizations accounted for 0.24% of the total admissions to the Medicine department. Elderly male patients outnumbered females. Hypoglycemia was the commonest ADR, followed by other systems (Cutaneous, GI, CNS). Insulin and sulfonylureas were themost common suspected medications followed by antimicrobials, NSAIDS and antiplatelets. Polytherapy was the most common predisposing factor. Only 10% of ADR induced hospitalization were due to self-medication and rest 90% were due to prescribed medication.

Keywords –elderly, hypoglycemia, medicine,polytherapy

[1] I Ralph Edwards,Jeffrey K Aronson. Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis, and management; Lancet 2000; 356: 1255–59
[2] Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN: Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Jr Am Med Assoc1998, 279:1200-5.
[3] Pharmacovigilance: Ensuring the Safe Use of Medicines - WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines, No. 009,October 2004
[4] Leslie Jo Samoy, Peter J. Zed, Kerry Wilbur, Robert M. Balen, Riyad B. Abu-Laban, Mark Roberts.et al.: Drug-Related Hospitalizations in a Tertiary Care Internal Medicine Service of a Canadian Hospital. A Prospective Study. Pharmacotherapy 2006:26(11):1578–1586
[5] KJ Patel, MS Kedia, D Bajpai, SS Mehta, NA Kshirsagar and NJ Gogtay; Evaluation of the prevalence and economic burden of adverse drug reactions presenting to the medical emergency departments of a tertiary referral center; BMC Clinical pharmacology; jul 2007, 7-8

Abstract: Reaction time is the measure of the function of sensory motor association. and performance of an individual . Reaction time is the time required for the nervous system to receive, integrate the incoming sensory information and cause the body to respond.. Caffeine belong to Xanthene group of drugs. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that reduces fatigue and drowsiness, at normal doses, caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory. The aim of the study was to determine visual reaction time (VRT) for green (G) verses red (R) color light and auditory reaction time (ART) in young adults after the administration of known amount of caffeine............

Keywords : Visual reaction time, auditory reaction time, caeffine, reaction time apparatus.

[1]. Syamala Devi, Kala Madhuri N. Comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical students. MedPulse International Journal of Physiology. October 2017; 4(1): 04-06.
[2]. Shenvi D, Balasubramanian P. A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction time in males and females. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 1994; 38: 229-231
[3]. Das S, Gandhi A, Mondal S. Effect of premenstrual stress on audiovisual reaction time and audiogram. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 41: 67-70.
[4]. Madan Mohan, Thombre DP, Das AK, Subramanian N, Chandrasekar S. Reaction time in clinical diabetes mellitus. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 1984; 28: 311-314.
[5]. Welford AT. Choice reaction time: Basic concepts. In: Welford AT, editor. Reaction Times. New York: Academic Press; 1980. p. 73-128.

Abstract: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was introduced in orthodontics with its initial purpose to alleviate the pain following the adjustment of the different appliances and also to help speed up the healing process of a sore spot if caused by appliance impingement. Recently, studies have showed that LLLT help in the differentiation of cells taking part in the bone remodelling process and therefore seems to affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement although the results of which have seemed to be controversial. This present article reviews the previous studies on the effects of LLLT on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in animals as well as human subjects, and thereby aims to set an optimal protocol for the use of LLLT to accelerate tooth movement in the orthodontic field.

Keywords: LLLT, Bio-stimulatory

[1] Mester e. The use of the laser beam in therapy. Orv hetil1966;107:1012-1016.
[2] Turhani d, scheriau m, kapral d, benesch t, jonke e, bantleon hp. Pain relief by single low-level laser irradiation in orthodontic patients undergoing fixed appliance therapy. Am j orthoddentofacorthop 2006; 130:371-377.
[3] Saito s, shimizu n. Stimulatory effects of low-power laser irradiation on bone regeneration in midpalatal suture during expansion in the rat. Am j orthod dentofacial orthop1997;111:525-532.
[4] Sousa mv, scanavini ma, sannomiyaek, velascolg, angelieri f. Influence of low-level laser on the speed of orthodontic movement. Photomed laser surg2011;29:191-196.
[5] Shimizu n, yamaguchi m, goseki t, shibata y, takiguchi h, abiko y. Prospect of relieving pain due to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment utilizing a ga-al-as diode laser. Proc spie1995;18:275-280.
[6] Kawasaki k, shimizu n. Effects of low-energy laser irradiation on bone remodeling during experimental tooth movement in rats. Lasers surg med2000;26:282-291

Abstract: Fireworks are used for various reasons all round the globe. Firework injuries are common during the festival of Diwali in India and form the majority of trauma cases seen by plastic surgeons during that period.Pocket trouser burns is a common injury occurring in children. And bombs are the most common cause. Lack of supervision by parents, ill regulated legislature for selling of crackers and the inability of children to gauge the danger of playing with firecrackers may contribute to the increasing number of such cases seen today. We present an observational prospective study on the incidence of burns and trouser pocket burns presenting to a tertiary care center over a period of 3 years.

Keywords : Firecrackers, pocket burns, Diwali

[1]. Tandon R, Agrawal K, Narayan RP, Tiwari VK, Prakash V, Kumar S. Firecracker injuries during Diwali festival: The epidemiology and impact of legislation in Delhi. Indian J Plast Surg 2012;45:97-101.
[2]. Divya Narain Upadhyaya, Vaibhav Khanna.Diwaliburnsanoverview: Indian Journal of Burns 2012;20,1
[3]. Gursimrat Paul Singh, Bhushan Patil, Gautam Gangurde, Sohil Shah, Devesh Mehta.Trouser pocket burns in firecracker injury:A case series Indian journal of Burns 2014;22:109-111
[4]. Can fireworks-related injuries to children during festivities be prevented? M N Smittenberg, D Lungelow, H Rode, A B van As, A J W Millar.South African Medical Journal 2010;100:8
[5]. Berger LR, Kalishman S, Rivara FP. Injuries from fireworks. Pediatrics 1985;75:877-82.
[6]. Smith GA, Knapp JF, Barnett TM, Shields BJ. The rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air: Fireworks-related injuries to children. Pediatrics 1996;98:1-9

Abstract: Osteopetrosis is an uncommon genetic failure arising from congenital defect in the development or function of the osteoclasts, as a result, fragile bones which are sensitive to fracture and infection occur. As a complication of osteopetrosis, mandibular osteomyelitis is important. This case report presents a case of osteopetrosis with recurrent osteomyelitis of the mandible in a 42 year old male.

Key Words: Osteopetrosis; Osteomyelitis; Osteosclerosis; Mandible

[1]. Sekerci AE, Sisman Y, Ertas ET, Sahman H, Aydinbelge M. Infantile Malignant Osteopetrosis: Report of 2 Cases with Osteomyelitis of the Jaws. J Dent Child (Chic) 2012;79(2):93-9.
[2]. Bedi RS, Goel P, Pasricha N, S, Goel A. Osteopetrosis-A rare entity with osteomyelitis. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2011;1:155-9.
[3]. Stark Z, Savarirayan R. Osteopetrosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2009;4:5.
[4]. Long RG, Ziccardi V. Osteopetrosis of themaxilla. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 2001; 91:139–140
[5]. Felix R, Hofstetler N, Cecchini MG. Recent developments in the pathophysiology of osteopetrosis. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:143–56. [PubMed]

Abstract: Objective: The main aim of the study is to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and concepts about breast cancer among sample of Iraqi women attending the main breast cancer early detection center in Baghdad and to study the effect of education on them. Study Design: This is a descriptive cross - sectional study. Method: This cross-sectional study recruited 320 women attending the main breast cancer early detection center in Baghdad aged between (18–63years) collected on May 2010. The knowledge, attitude and concepts about breast cancer are assessed through answers of participants to a structured questionnaire (including six questions for studying the patient's knowledge about correlation between breast cancer and lifestyle, sixteen questions for studying the patient's concepts about breast cancer, and eleven questions to assess patient's knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and demographic variables). Statistical analysis of data is done by application of (SPSS version 14) program............

Keywords : Knowledge, attitude and concepts of breast cancer.

[1]. Iraqi Cancer Board. Iraqi Cancer Registry 2012. Baghdad, Ministry of Health, 2014.
[2]. WHO (2008). The global burden of disease: 2004 update.
[3]. Chacko S "Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program me on Knowledge ofEarly Detection of Breast Cancer Among School Teachers"; IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, (2016),Volume 5, Issue 5, PP 49-54.
[4]. Jenkins K.: One Third of Cancer Deaths Could Be Prevented by Lifestyle; Medscape Medical News,2017, December 22.
[5]. BeznerJ.:Promoting Health and Wellness: Implications for Physical Therapist Practice.Physical Therapy,2015, Volume 95, Issue 10, Pages 1433–1444

Abstract: Oral cancer is one of the most common cancer in India. The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively the demographic, histopathological and clinical profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients who attended a tertiary level care referral hospital in Jharkhand. A total of 324 biopsy proven cases of OSCC were studied. The data was collected for a period of June 2015 to December 2017 . The cases were analyzed in terms of age,gender,duration of symptoms,habits(tobacco and alcohol consumption),site of primary tumour and stage at presentation and the results were formulated to chart the trends. Male to female ratio was 2.48:1. Most of the patients of OSCC belonged to the age group of 51-60 years(26.54%). Buccal mucosa was found to be the most common primary site of involvement............

Keywords: Oral cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma,Buccal mucosa,Tobacco,Alcohol.

[1]. Warnakulasuniya S. " Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer", Oral Oncol 2009:45;309-16
[2]. Jemal A et al, Global cancer statistics, J.Clin 2011;61(2):69-90
[3]. J.K.Elango,P.Gangadharan, S.Sumithra,M.A.Kuniakose, "Trends of head and neck cancers in urban and rural India" Asian Pacific Journal of cancer prevention, vol.7, no.1, pp108-112,2006
[4]. R.Sankarnarayanan, K.Ramdas, G.Thomas et al, " Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster randomized controlled trial", The Lancet;vol.365;no.9475;pp1927-1933;2005
[5]. Huber MA,Tantiwongkosi B, " Oral and oropharyngealcancer",MedClin North Am. 2014; 98(6);1299-1321