iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2018

Abstract: The idea of diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging emerged within the mid-1980s, beside the primary images of water diffusion within the human brain, as the way to probe tissue structure at a microscopic scale, though the images were nonheritable at a millimetric scale. Since then, diffusion MR imaging has become a pillar of recent clinical imaging. Diffusion MR imaging has primarily been wont to investigate neurological disorders. A dramatic application of diffusion MR imaging has been acute brain ischemia, providing patients with the chance to receive appropriate treatment at a stage once brain tissue would possibly still be saved, therefore avoiding terrible handicaps. On the opposite hand, it had been found that water diffusion is anisotropic in nerve fiber, as a result............

Keywords: IVIM, Diffusion, Diagnosis, MRI..

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Abstract: Cutaneous hyperandrogenism (CHA) refers to androgen dependent cutaneous features, such as hirsutism, acne, androgenetic alopecia, etc. The "cutaneous hyperandrogenism" is caused by in stiu over expression of the androgenic enzymes and / or hyperresponsiveness of androgen receptors in the skin. It may be primary or secondary. Primary or idiopathic cutaneous hyperandrogenism is characterized by clinical expression without hyperandrogenemia and associated androgenic conditions, whereas secondary cutaneous hyperandrogenism is characterized by clinical expression secondary to hyperandrogenemia and / or underlying androgenic conditions. Hirsutism, acne and androgenetic alopecia are considered the classical features of CHA. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the...........

Key words: Cutaneous Hyperandrogenism, Hyperandrogenism, Hirsuitism

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[2]. Zouboulis CC. The skin as an endocrine organ. HORMONES 2004;3:9-26.

[3]. Chen WC, Thiboutot D , Zouboulis CC. Cutaneous Androgen Metabolism: Basic Research and Clinical Perspectives. J of Invest Dermatol 2002;119: 992-1007.

[4]. Carmina E, Rosato F, Jannì A, Rizzo M, Longo RA. Extensive clinical experience: relative prevalence of different androgen excess disorders in 950 women referred because of clinical hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;9:2-6.

[5]. Schmidt TH, Shinkai K. Evidence-based approach to cutaneous hyperandrogenism in women. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015;73:672-90...

Abstract: Gartner's duct cysts are remnants of Wolffian duct usually located in the anterolateral wall of vagina and may be associated with renal and ureteral anomalies. This is a case report of a 19 year old primi at 25 weeks ofgestation presented to thecasuality with complaints of abdominal pain. Ultrasonogram revealed anovariancyst which was proceeded toemergency laparotomy since torsion ovarian cyst was suspected. A largeleft paraovarian cyst, filled with clear fluid, unilocular seen which was excised and the histopathology was reported as mesonephric cyst.

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challenge"Int J ReprodContraceptObstet Gynecol.2015 Jun:4(3):905-7
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Abstract: Background: Screening for subclinical hypothyroidism is essential in all pregnant women, especially in the Indian context, as Indian women have increased risk of developing iodine deficiency during pregnancy. Hence this study was undertaken to study the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. Emphasis was put to know the need for universal screening and also the obstetric outcome in terms of perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity were assessed. Methods: It is a retrospective study . Sample size consisted of 200 pregnant women admitted in KIMS,HUBLI during march 2016 to march 2017. Thyroid profile (serum TSH, FT3 and FT4) was done during first visit and in subsequent trimester of each pregnant woman. The results were analyzed taking into consideration recent endocrine society guidelines. Patients with normal..........

Keywords: Fetal outcome Pregnancy, Maternal outcome, Subclinical hypothyroidism

[1]. Abalovich M, Gutierrex S, Alcaraz G. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy. Thyroid. 2002;12:63-8.
[2]. Casey BM, Leveno KJ. Thyroid disease in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108:1283-92.
[3]. Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy. Washington DC: ACOG Practice Guidelines; 2007.
[4]. Lazarus JH. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy: is it worthwhile? J Thyroid Res. 2011;3:97-112.
[5]. Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, Mechanick JI, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: co-sponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Endocr Pract. 2012;18(6):988-1028.

Abstract: Adrenal Myelolipoma is a rare nonfunctional adrenal tumor usually detected incidentally on imaging done for un-related cause or due to compressive symptoms or rarely due to adrenal hormone hyper secretion or malignant transformation. A case of 32yr female was complained with amenorrhea since 15yrs.The physical examination had no significant finding. Ultrasound and subsequently CT scan abdomen showed a large well-circumscribed mass m/s 4.2*3.2*5.2cm is seen in relation to the lateral limb of right adrenal. It shows multiple foci of fat attenuation.The absolute wash out is >60% suggestive of adrenal adenoma.

Key Words- Adrenal Myelolipoma, Extramedullary hematopoiesis

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[2]. Lam KY, Lo CY (2001) Adrenal lipomatous tumor: a 30 year clinico-pathological experience at a single institution, J Clin Pathol 54(9): 707-712.
[3]. Brogna A, Scalisi G, Ferrara R, Bucceri AM (2011) Giant secreting adrenal myelolipoma in a man: a case report. J Med Case Rep 5: 298.
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Abstract: Vasculitis that affects the CNS is one of the most formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians for several reasons. The clinical manifestation of CNS Vasculitis are highly variable.CNS is a common target for many forms of Systemic Vasculitis.Specific Non invasive tests are lacking and material for pathophysiological investigation is limited.Correct diagnosis requires a high degree of suspiscion along with knowledge of other diseases that may masquerade as Vasculitis. Clinical patterns that might facilitate recognition have been proposed,though therapeutic trials have been few. The aim of our study was to categorize patients identified with CNS vasculitis according to clinical classification described by SCOLDING et al 1997 and to follow their prognosis and response to treatment..

Key words: CNS Vasculitis,SCOLDING et al,Type 1 presentation,Type 2 presentation,Type 3 presentation, steroids.

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[2]. Watts RA, Scott DG (1997) Classification and epidemiology ofthe vasculitides. Baillieres. Clin Rheumatol 11:191–217
[3]. Lie JT (1997) Classification and histopathologic spectrum ofcentral nervous system vasculitis. Neurol Clin 15:805–819
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Abstract: Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) has always been a major complication of surgery and trauma and has been documented for 4000-5000 years. Surgical site infections are the third most common hospital associated infection, accounting for 14-16 per cent of all infections in hospitalized patients. Among surgical patients, surgical site infections are the most frequent cause of such infections, accounting for 38 per cent of the total. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the host factors responsible for surgical site infections, environmental factors contributing to surgical site infections following emergency non traumatic abdominal operations and to identify the microorganisms involved in surgical site infections. Methodology: A descriptive study which...........

Key words: Surgical site infections, Non traumatic abdominal surgery, Sepsis, Emergency Laparotomy, Mortality.

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Abstract: Background Pain in knee joint is one of the commonest problems which involves both male and females, also affecting their relatives due to its high morbidity. The cause of knee pain involves a plethora of etiologies ranging from bony trauma to meniscal tear . Often it is hard to detect the exact etiology by physical examination and clinical tests (anterior/posterior drawer tests). A diagnostic aid which can visualize the pathology with clarity and is non invasive in nature without any serious side effects is highly needed . MRI has added advantage of being nonionizing, having multiplanar capability with high spatial resolution for soft tissue, marrow changes and intraosseous pathology. The present study was undertaken to establish the definitive cause and pathology within the knee joint and its various compartments .Methodology All eligible patients coming to Radiology Department of Rajendra Institute............

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Abstract: Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) are one of the most common cause of Healthcare associated infections. Cause of CAUTI is the formation of pathogenic microbial biofilm in the indwelling urinary catheters which provides survival benefit to the colonized organism by providing protection from environmental stresses and also causing decreased susceptibility to antibiotics leading to persistent and recurrent infections. The present study was conducted to detect biofilm production by isolates from patients with CAUTI, and their association with antibiotic resistance. This prospective study was done on 484 hospitalized patients in different wards with indwelling urinary catheter of more than 2days. CAUTI was diagnosed based on the CDC guidelines 2017. Uropathogens...........

Key words: Biofilm, CAUTI, E.coli, Healthcare associated infections ,MDR

[1]. Iacovelli V, Gaziev G, Topazio L, Bove P, Vespasiani G, Finazzi AE. Nosocomial urinary tract infections: A review. Urologia. 2014;81(4):222-27.
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[3]. Donlan, R.M. & Costerton, J.W. 2002. "Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms", Clin. Microbiol. Rev., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 167-193.
[4]. Subramanian P, Shanmugam N, Sivaraman U, Kumar S, Selvaraj S. Antiobiotic resistance pattern of biofilm forming uropathogens isolated from catheterized patients in Pondicherry, India. Australas Med J. 2012;5(7):344–48.
[5]. CDC. 2017. Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) event, Center for Dis. Control and Prevention..

Abstract: Background- There is hypercalciuria during a normal pregnancy , while PIH is associated with hypocalciuria and low urinary calcium-creatinine ratio. Since PIH represents a state of profound pathophysiological changes and, one of the important alteration is a change in urinary calcium creatinine ratio and microalbuminuria in patients of PIH , this test has emerged significantly as the early predictor for the development of PIH.Material and Methods- The present study was carried on in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna medical college and hospital over a period of two years from November 2012 to September 2014.This study was done on 100 normotensive patients with gestational age of 20- 24 weeks attending routine antenatal clinic. The patients were divided in two groups:- Study group.........

Key words: Preeclampsia,Urinary calcium creatinine ratio, pregnancy.

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Abstract: Hyponatremia has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular mortality among patients with heart failure and the same mechanism of neurohormonal activation is also acting in cases of STEMI1 Hence we aimed to investigate importance of hyponatremia in acute STEMI regarding prognosis and short term survival. 100 consecutive patients presenting with acute STEMI admitted to Rajendra institute of medical science (RIMS) Ranchi, Jharkhand from October 2016 to September 2017 were studied. Qualifying patients underwent detailed history and clinical examination. Plasma sodium concentrations were obtained on admission and at 24, 48 and 72 hours thereafter along with other relevant investigations. Males made up 81% of patients who presented with hyponatremia on admission and 77% of patients...........

Key words: Acute myocardial infarction, STEMI, Hyponatremia, Prognosis

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Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of CA125 and CA19-9 tumour markers in different stages of urothelial carcinoma and monitoring the response to therapy. Several levels of CA125 and CA19-9 (each purchased from Fujirebio Diagnostics, Sweden) was measured by ELISA before and 7 days after treatment of different stages of 182 urothelial carcinoma patients and compared with the 200 normal subjects as control. The results showed that among 182 urothelial cases, the median serum level of CA125 and CA19-9 were 107.7U/ml, 118.6U/ml, 120.4U/ml and 73.1U/ml, 81.1U/ml, 196.4U/ml in case of superficial transitional cell carcinoma, muscle invasion and metastatic variety respectively. The fall of the titre of CA125 were 90.6%, 91.4%, 81.7% and CA19.9 were 87.1%, 85.8%, 85.1% in case of transitional cell carcinoma, muscle invasion and metastatic variety respectively. The study revealed that CA125 and CA19-9 could be prognostic markers of urothelial carcinoma.

Key words: CA19-9, CA125, ELISA, urothelial carcinoma

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Abstract: Objective: The objective of the study wasto identify the prevalence of the psychiatric morbidity and to determine the types of psychiatric morbidity among patients following Spinal cord injury. Methods: The study was a cross sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out in theCentre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP), Savar, Dhaka; during the period from July 2011 to June 2012. A total 53 Patients aged 18 to 60 years, who suffer from Spinal Cord Injury of both sexes and meet the inclusion criteria considered as sample. They were assessed for psychiatric disorders by using validated Bangla translation of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I disorder SCID-CV.Results:Out of53 cases, a detectable psychiatric condition was present in 77.4% of the patients, including depressive disorder in 60.4%, generalized anxiety disorder 11.3%, post-traumatic...........

Key words: Psychiatric morbidity, Spinal cord injury, CRP

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[4]. Blackwell TL, Krause JS, Winkler T, Steins' SA, 2001; Guidelines for Life Care Planning and Case Management. Spinal Cord Injury Desk Reference: New York: Demos Medical Publishing Inc.
[5]. Kirshblum S, Campagnolo D, DeLisa J (eds.), 2002; Spinal Cord Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins..

Abstract: Background: There are various assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization for treatment of infertility, So IVF culture system is not a sterile system. Not only is the environment we work in full of bacteria, fungi and viruses, but our patient's bodies (follicular aspirates, semen and the vaginal and cervical regions for egg retrieval and embryo transfer) also contain microbes, this can lead to adverse pregnancy outcome after IVF. Objectives: To demonstrated differences in women with colonized and contaminated follicular fluid and estimate the prevalence of the possible risk factors for developing microbial colonization of the follicular fluid. Methodology: A cross sectional study..........

Key words: Fertility, Follicular Fluid, In Vitro Fertilization, Microbial Colonization, Outcome

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[4]. Reid G, Brigidi P., Burton J.P., Contractor N., Duncan S., Fargier E., et al, Microbes Central to Human Reproduction, 2015, doi:10.1111/aji.12319, 73: 1–11.
[5]. Eniola O.W, Adetola A.A, Abayomi B.T, A review of Female Infertility; important etiological factors and management, 2012, J. Microbiol. Biotech. Res., 2 (3):379-385...

Abstract: Internal resorption is a condition associated with either physiologic or pathologic process resulting in loss of dentine cementum and bone. The course of tooth resorption involves elaborate interaction among inflammatory cells,resorbing cells and hard tissue structure. The key cells involved in resorption are of the classic type, which includes osteoblasts ad odontoblasts. This report will focus on internal resorption..

Key words: Inflammatory cells, odontoblasts, osteoblasts, resorbing cells

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