iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2018

Abstract: Human Immunodefieciency Virus (HIV) infection / Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a global pandemic which has significant impact on the epidemiology of Tuberculosis. Progression of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis is more rapid and common in those infected with HIV than without HIV infection, so HIV/AIDS is an independent risk factor for TB disease progression(1). Aim: The purpose the study is to estimate the incidence of hepatotoxicity in peoples withco-infection of HIV and Tuberculosis...........

[1]. TB/HIV - A Clinical Manual 2004.

[2]. Swaminathan S, Ramachandran R, Baskaran G, Paramasivam C, et al. Risk of development of Tuberculosis in HIV infected patients; Int. J. Tuber. Lung Dis. 4839-844.3.

[3]. Global Tuberculosis report 2015 - 20 th edition

[4]. Jules CN Assob, Peter F Nde et al. Incidence and risk factors of Anti- Tuberculosis Drugs induced hepatotoxicity in HIV/AIDS patients attending the Limbe and Buae Regional hospitals. J AIDS Clin Res 2014;vol5issue3.

[5]. Minyahil A. Woldu, Addishiwot G.Zedwe and Jimma L. Lenjissa. Assesment of drug induced hepatotoxicity in patients treated for TB/HIV coinfections in ayder referral hospital ART clinic, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Ejops, 2014; volume l:issue 2 :22-34..

Abstract: BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the important causes for adverse maternal and fetal outcome. A proper understanding of this medical disorder in pregnancy is essential to reduce the complications associated with it.ObjectiveTo analyze the maternal and perinatal outcome in hypertensive disordercomplicating pregnancy.Materials & Methods:It is a prospective, observational study of 180 pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy admitted to GVH from November 2016 to October 2017. Data was collected regarding antenatal care-booked and unbooked cases, age, parity, gestational age, mode of delivery and maternal complications.Perinatal outcome including birth weight, NICU admissions and perinatal deaths was recorded...........

Key words: Maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, hypertension in pregnancy, perinatal mortality.

[1]. ACOG practice bulletin. Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Number 33, January 2002. Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 99(1):159-67.
[2]. Berzan E, Doyle R, Brown CM (2014) Treatment of preeclampsia: current approach and future perspectives. CurrHypertens Rep 16(9): 473.
[3]. World Health Organisation (2005) The world health report 2005- Make every mother and child count. World Health Organization, Geneva. (2000)
[4]. Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J ObstetGynecol 183(1): S1-S22.
[5]. Tavassoli F, Ghasemi M, Ghomian N, Ghorbani A, Tavassoli S, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious women complicated with pregnancy hypertension J Pak Med Assoc.2010; 60(9): 707-710.

Abstract: Aim: Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common life threatening gastrointestinal emergency in the neonatal period. This study is aimed to identify the subset of neonates with perforated NEC (Bell's Stage IIIb) who will benefit from peritoneal drainage alone and who will require salvage laparotomy and the role of sepsis in the outcome. Materials and Methods: This is retrospective study of neonates admitted and treated for perforated NEC between June 2013 to December 2016 (3½yrs). The records were reviewed and data pertaining to gestational age, sex, weight, severity of sepsis, nature of discharge from peritoneal drain, treatment offered and survival were recorded and the data was analyzed. Results: Total of 68 neonates were treated for perforated NEC. 52 were males and 16 were females. Of the 68 neonates,25 neonates were treated with primary peritoneal drainage (PPD) alone(Group-I) and 43 neonates underwent salvage..........

Keywords: NEC, Perforation, Peritoneal drainage

[1]. Rescorla FJ: Surgical management of pediatric necrotizing enterocolitis. Curr Opin Pediatr 7: 335-341, 1995
[2]. Schullinger JN, Mollitt DL, Vincour CD etal: Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: survival, management and complications: A 25 year study. Am J Dis Child 135: 612-614,1981
[3]. Ein SH, Marshall DG, Gervan D: Peritoneal drrrainage under local anesthesia for perforations from necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 12: 963-967, 1977
[4]. Ahmed T, Ein SH, Moore A: The role of peritoneal drains in treatment of perforated necrotizing enterocolitis: Recommendations from recent experience. J Pediatr Surg 33: 1468-1470, 1998.
[5]. Azarow KS, Ein SH, Shandling B etal: Laparotomy or drain for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis: who gets what and why? Pediatr Surg Int 12: 137-139, 1997

Abstract: Aims :To compare the effectiveness of LPG and LPJ in relieving pain in patients of chronic pancreatitis. Methods : A prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal over a period of four years. A total of 35 patients were allocated for LPG and LPJ operations. Study tools included pain gradation, investigations ( lipase , amylase, total bilirubin, albumin), USG abdomen, CECT, MRCP, ERCP. Parameters of this study were duration of surgery and hospital stay, assessment of post operative pain relief and complications. Patients above 12 years of age with diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis , with or without duct calculi with MPD diameter≥ 7 mm and in whom pain could not be controlled by medical means were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were MPD diameter < 7 mm , splenomegaly and pancreatic malignancy. For pain relief assessment patients were divided into three categories...........

Key Words- Lateralpancreatico-gastrostomy, Longitudinal pancreatico-jejunostomy, pain relief, drainage

[1]. Patel S, Swaminathan R. A comparative study between longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy versus lateral pancreaticogastrostomy : A drainage procedure. MedPulse – International Medical journal 2015; 2(10): 646-648
[2]. Halder SK, Bhattacharjee PK, Bhar P, Das C, Pandey P, Rakshit KP, Pachaury A. a Comparititive study between Longitudinal Pancreaticojejunostomy v/s Lateral Pancreaticogastrostomy as a drainage procedure for pain relief I chronic pancreatitis done in a tertiary referral certre of eastern India. Indian j Surg 2015; 77(2) : 120-124
[3]. Cooperman AM. Surgery and chronic pancreatitis. Surg Clin North Am 2001; 81: 431-55
[4]. Sakorafas GH, Farnell MB, Nagorney DM, Sarr MG. Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis at the Mayo Clinic. Surg Clin North Am 2001; 81 : 457-465
[5]. Pain JA, Knight MJ. Pancreaticogastrostomy : the preferred operation for pain relief in chronic pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1988; 75 : 220-222

Abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity of pleural fluid CRP in identifying parapneumonic effusions. Methods: A single centre cross sectional study comprising of 50 patients was done at madras medical college and patients were divided into four groups according to their type of pleural effusion as follows: tuberculous, malignant, parpneumonic effusions and others and the pleural fluid CRP measured.

Key words: C - reactive protein, exudate, malignancy, transudate, tuberculosis

[1]. JantzMA,AntonyVB:Pathophysiology of pleura.Respiration 2008;75:121-133
[2]. OrdonezNG:What are the current best immunohistochemical markers to diagnose mesothelioma.A review and uptodate. Hum Pathol 2007;38:1-16Li j:Ultrastructural study on the parietal stomata in human.Funct develop morphol 1993;3:277-280
[3]. LightRW,StransburyDW,BrownSE:The relationship between pleural pressures and changes in pulmonary function after therapeutic thoracentesis.Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:658-661
[4]. LeckieWJH,Tothill P:Albumin turnover in pleural effusions.ClinSci 1965;29;339-352
[5]. LightRW,MaCGregorMI,Luchsinger PC et al:Pleuaraleffusion:Ther diagnostic separation of exudates and transudates.Annals of Internal medicine 1972;77:507-513

Abstract: Introduction: Organophosphorus chemicals (OPC) are the pesticides most often involved in serious human poisoning. Actually the OPC poisoning is a menace to the human race both as a weapon of mass destruction and pesticide of self- harm. Background: Treatment of intoxication with OPCs conventionally involves atropine for reduction of muscarinic signs and oximes for reactivation of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In spite of good care and treatment, the mortality about 19% still persists in our toxicology department , that needs to search for newer predictor and treatment of OPC poisoning. So, serum Magnesium levels were taken for our study purpose. Objective: To correlate the severity of OPC poisoning based on Peradeniya OPC poisoning (POP) scale with serum magnesium levels and with other complications of OPC poisoning. Methods: cross sectional, prospective study was done at Institute of internal medicine Madras...........

Key words: OPC – organophosphorus compounds, POP- peradeniya OPC poisoning, AchE- acetylcholine esterase.

[1]. Haddad LM, Shannon MW, Winchester JF. Clinical management of poisoning and drug overdose. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB Saunders Co., 1998:836_/45.
[2]. Eddleston M, Karalliedde L, Buckley N, Fernando RHutchinson G, Isbister G et al . Pesticide poisoning in the developing world*/a minimum pesticides list.Lancet 2002; 12: 1163_/67.
[3]. Murray D, Wesseling C, Keifer M, Corriols M, Henao S.Surveillance of pesticide related illness in the developing world: putting the data to work. Int J OccupEnviron Health 2002; 8: 243_/48.
[4]. Thomas M, Anandan S, Kuruvilla PJ, Singh PR,David S. Profile of hospital admission following acutepoisoning*/experiences from major teaching hospitalin south India. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 2000; 19: 313_/17.
[5]. Goodman and gillman's, the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 13th edition, sectionII neuropharmacology, cholinergica and anticholernigics, 154-167

Abstract: Recently the technology of theStrategic Implant® 1has gained popularity worldwide, owing to its unique horizontal retention design that functions by getting engaged into the basal (2nd or 3rd) cortical bone, thus allowing it to be placed even in those cases, where the vertical bone supply is reduced such as moderate to severe or even ultimately resorbed ridges. The aim of this paper is to present the clinical application of a new, smooth surfaced single-piece bi-cortical screw implants(with multiunit abutment) with immediate loading protocol to restore partially edentulous distal maxilla without sinus lift procedure. Here, we report the case of a 50-year-old, healthy female patient with a history of bilaterally missing maxillary posterior teeth. We restored thepremolars and molars with fixed screw retained prosthesis within 72 hours offlaplesscortical screw implants placement (comprising multi-unit abutment heads).

Key-words: Strategic Implant®, immediate functional loading, single-piece dental implants, cortical implantology

[1]. Ihde S. Comparison of basal and crestal implants and their modus of application. Smile Dental Journal 2009;4:36-46.
[2]. Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: A 3 year analysis. J Periodontol 1991:2:2-4
[3]. DaSilva JD, Schnitman PA, Wohtle PS, Wang HN, Koch GG. Influence of site on implant survival: 6 years results(abstract). J Dent Res 1992;71:256.
[4]. Weber HP, Fiorelline JP. The biology and morphology of the implant-tissue interface. AO 1992;85:61,64.
[5]. Tomas Goldmann, Stefan Ihde, Jiri Kuzelka, Lucie Himmlova. Bendable vs. Angulated dental implants: consideration of elastic and plastic material properties based on experimental implant material data and FEA Biomed Pap Med FacUnivPalacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2008, 152(2):1.

Abstract: Objective: was to compare the reliability of six Frankfurt Horizontal planes versus the true Horizontal plane in adults having normal occlusion and balanced facial profile.Material and Methods: CBCT images were collectedfrom thirty seven Egyptian adult subjects using the I-CAT CBCT machine and Anatomage 5.3 software to generate 3D volumetric reconstructions.A newly constructed coordinate reference system that depends on the true vertical was used for accurate measurements.Six different Frankfurt planes were constructed and were compared to the true Horizontal plane.Results:The intra-observer, inter-observer reliability for landmarks showed high concordance with identical ICC and CCC exceeding 0.751 and 0.78 respectively.All the Frankfurt constituting points showed...........

Key words: CBCT,Coordinate reference system,Normal Occlusion, Reliability of Frankfurt planes, True Horizontal plane,

[1]. Swennen, G.R., F.A. Schutyser, and J.-E. Hausamen, Three-dimensional cephalometry: a color atlas and manual. 2005: Springer Science & Business Media.
[2]. Van Vlijmen, O., et al., A comparison between 2D and 3D cephalometry on CBCT scans of human skulls. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2010. 39(2): p. 156-160.
[3]. A, S., lateral and frontal cephalometric templates and norms for Egyptian adults: reconstructed cone-beam views- Department of Orthodontics Cairo University, 2011. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's Degree in Orthodontics. Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine. 2011.
[4]. Katkar, R.A., et al., Comparison of observer reliability of three-dimensional cephalometric landmark identification on subject images from Galileos and i-CAT cone beam CT. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 2013. 42(9): p. 20130059.
[5]. Sanders, D.A., et al., Quantification of skeletal asymmetries in normal adolescents: cone-beam computed tomography analysis. Progress in orthodontics, 2014. 15(1): p. 26.

Abstract: Objevtives ; T h e o b j e c t i v e o f t h e s t u d y w a s t o e v a l u a t e t h e b e s t m e t h o d w i t h l e a s t r e c u r r e n c e r a t e . T h e v a r i o u s s u r g i c a l m e t h o d s e m p l o y e d w e r e , e x c i s i o n w i t h p r i m a r y r e p a i r , e x c i s i o n w i t h h e a l i n g b y s e c o n d a r y i n t e n t i o n a n d e x c i s i o n w i t h c l o s u r e b y l i m b e r g s f l a p / Z p a s t y .Material and methods ; t h i s i s a c r o s s s e c t i o n a l s t u d y c o n d u c t e d i n d e p a r t m e n t o f s u r g e r y i n H i n d u R a o h o s p i t a l d e h l i f r o m D e c . 2 0 1 4 t o J a n 2 0 1 6 . 8 0 p a t i e n t s w e r e e v a l u a t e d . Results; T h e r e w e r e 7 8 ( 9 7 % ) m a l e s a n d 0 2 ( 3 % ) f e m a l e s . M a j o r i t y w e r e i n t h e a g e g r o u p o f 2 1 – 3 0 y e a r s ( 6 4 % ) . T h e o p e r a t i n g t i m e r a n g e d b e t w e e n 4 0 - 6 5 m i n u t e s.............

[1]. Miocinovic M, Horzic M, Bunoza D. The prevalence of anaerobic infection in pilonidal sinus in sacrococcygeal region and its effect on complication. Acta Med 2001;55:87-90.
[2]. Scholler T, Wechselberger G, Otto A, Papp C. Definite surgical treatment of complicated recurrent pilonidal disease with a modified fasciocutaneous V-Y advanced flap. Surgery 1997;121:258-63.
[3]. Arugmugan PJ, Chanrase Karan TV, Morgan AR. the rhomboid flap for pilonidal disease. Colorectal Dis 2003;87:567-72.
[4]. Yilmaz S, Kirimlioglu V, Katz D. Rate of simple V-Y advancement flap in the treatment of complicated pilonidal sinus. Eur J Surg 2000;166:269-72.
[5]. Wiliams NS, Christopher JK. Bulstrode P, Ronan O Connell. Pilonidal sinus. In: Bailey a n d L o v e 's S h o r t p r a c t i c e o f Surgery.25thed.London: Hodder Arnold 2008:1247-8. Journal of Surgery Pakistan (International) 16 (3) July - September 2011 96 Fig II: Wound closure following excision of pilonidal sinus. Sughra Parveen, Syed Sagheer Hussain Shah, Zeeshan Hyder Toubanakis G. Treatment of pilonidal sinus disease with the Z-plasty procedure (modified). Am Surg 1986;52:611-2.

Abstract: Lower segment caesarean section is one of most common surgeries among parturient women and pain management is very important among them, as they have to nurse the newborns .Use of opioid analgesics, despite good performance has their share of side effects. Aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of 0.25% Levobupivacaine and 0.25% Ropivacaine in Transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after caesarean delivery .METHOD – 60 Parturient of ASA class I-II scheduled for elective/emergency caesarean section were enrolled in our study and randomly divided into two groups. Group A-received 20ml 0.25%Levobupivacaine in TAP block on each side, Group B-received 20ml 0.25%Ropivacaine on each side .RESULTS- Both the groups were comparable in demographic data .Reduction of VAS score was comparable in both groups(P>0.05).Requirement of Rescue analgesia in postoperative period was similar in both groups .CONCLUSION-TAP blocks can be regarded as new technique in approach to provide analgesia following caesarean section.

Key words: TAP BLOCK, ANALGESIA, CAESAREAN,LEVOBUPIVACAINE,ROPIVACAINE .

[1]. A. N. Rafi, "Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle," Anaesthesia, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 1024–1026,2001.
[2]. Bond MR, Pilowsky I. Subjective assessment of pain and its relationship to the administration of analgesics in patients with advanced cancer. J Psychosom Res. 1966 Sep;10(2):203–208.
[3]. McDonnell JG, O'Donnell B, Curley G, Heffernan A, Power C, Laffey JG. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after abdominal surgery: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2007;104:193-7.
[4]. Carney J, Finnerty O, Rauf J, Curley G, McDonnell JG, Laffey JG. Ipsilateral transversus abdominis plane block provides effective analgesia after appendectomy in children: A randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2010;111: 998-1003.
[5]. Kocum A, Turkoz A, Bozdogan N, et al. Femoral and sciatic nerve block with 0.25% bupivacaine for surgical management of diabetic foot syndrome: an anaesthetic technique for high-risk patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Anesth 2010;22:363-doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2009.04.009

Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a common condition; it causes symptoms that reduces the functional capacity of the bodily systems & negatively affects the quality of life. The risk of atherosclerosis & other forms of diabetic complications increases with reduced levels of serum Magnesium. So, we have designed the study to see the effect of serum magnesium levels on micro & macro vascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus & its relation to atherosclerosis. Material & Methods : A CASE CONTROL study was done, in which subjects with DM type 2 attending medicine OPD and admitted in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College were taken as cases also of age group above 30 years.Results : In our study showed that the mean age was 51 years of cases and male to female ratio was 2.12:1. The microvascular complication such as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy & nephropathy was 26%, 18% & 22% cases present with hypomagnesemia (<1.8mg/dl) and 14%, 20% & 12% present with normomagnesemia (1.8-2.5 mg/dl)............

Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerosis, Serum Magnesium

[1]. Fauci AS, Kasper DS, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, et al. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. United States; McGraw Hill: 2008.
[2]. Huizinga MM, Rothman RL. Addressing the diabetespandemic: A comprehensive approach. Indian J Med Res 2006;124:481-4.
[3]. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047-53
[4]. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas. 5th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2011. [5]. "Diabetes can be controlled in 80 percent of Cases in India". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 6 February 2014. [6]. Gale, Jason (November 7, 2010). "India's Diabetes Epidemic Cuts Down Millions Who Escape Poverty". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 June 2012.

Abstract: Background: Impact of physical activity on physical and psychological health is immense. Relation between physical activity and quality of life among elderly is not well explored in Indian research. Aim: Present study aimed to assess the extent and pattern of physical activity, quality of life and their association among elderly slum population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during June – November 2017 among an estimated sample of 106 elderly persons (age > 60 years) in a slum area of Bardhaman Municipality, West Bengal. Probability proportionate to population size (PPS) and simple random sampling technique was applied to select the subjects from six slums of the area. With informed consent, subjects were interviewed for background characteristics; physical activity status and their quality...........

[1]. Mudey A, Ambekar , Goya CR, Agarekar S , Wagh V.Assessment of Quality of Life among Rural and Urban Elderly Population of Wardha District, Maharashtra, India. Ethno Med. 2011; 5(2): 89-93
[2]. WHOQOL Group. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Social Science & Medicine 1998; 46: 1569-1585. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00009-4
[3]. Figueira HA, Figueira OA, Figueira AA. Elderly Quality of Life Impacted by Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2010; 5: 301-305.
[4]. Dykstra P. Older adult loneliness: Myths and Realities. European Journal of Ageing. 2009; 6: 91-100.
[5]. Netuveli G, Blane D. Quality of Life in Older Ages. Br. Med. Bull. 2008; 85:113–126

Abstract: Among various oral cavity carcinomas, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered as the most common oral and maxillofacial malignancy. The morbidity and mortality rate of the disease are still high in most of the countries with a survival rate of 50-63%. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) has been reported as the potentially malignant disorder (PMD) of the oral cavity that has high prevalence rate in India. Chennai is one of the metro cities located in the southern part of India. This study was carried out to evaluate the serum levels of various trace elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu) and serum lipid profile in OSMF patients who live in Chennai and belong to Hindu religion. The alterations in the levels were compared to age, gender- matched normal healthy individuals in order to identify a new non-invasive method for the prevention of its transformation to OSCC..........

Key words: Oral submucous fibrosis, Trace elements, Lipid profile, Biomarker.

[1]. Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW van der Waal I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 2007; 36:575-580.

[2]. Shieh TM, Tu HF, Ku TH, Chang SS, Chang KW, Liu CJ. Association between lysyl oxidase polymorphisms and oral submucous fibrosis in older male areca chewers. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009; 38(1):109-13.

[3]. Rajalalitha P, Vali S. Molecular pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis--a collagen metabolic disorder. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005; 34(6):321-8.
[4]. Mehrotra R, Sharma N, Umudum H, Ceyhan K, Rezanko T. The role of cytopathology in diagnosing HPV induced oropharyngeal lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012; 40:839-843.
[5]. Messadi DV. Diagnostic aids for detection of oral precancerous conditions. Int. J. Oral Sci. 2013;5:59-65.