iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2019

Abstract: In our research, sonogram of female pelvis is frequently used ultrasound (U/S) to evaluate the reproductive and urinary systems. It is preferred to assess the: cervix, ovaries, genital duct including: uterus and fallopian tubes with a fibro muscular tube called vagina, bladder and characterize changes in the urinary system and troubles of the reproductive system of women. The fallopian (uterine) tubes is two tortuous tube one on each side of uterus running in upper border of ligament, uterine tubes distinguished into four parts: infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, intramural. Uterus is formed of four parts: fundus, body, isthmus, cervix. when pelvic us procedure begin: The wave transmits through the body and are reflected back variably depending on the different type of tissue including abnormalities in uterus. Benign ovarian cysts are common. Uterine fibroids (leiomyoma): fibroids are common in pregnancy and black women.......

Key Words: Uterus, female pelvic, Reproductive system, fibroid, sonograms.

[1]. Sonogram vs Ultrasound - Difference and Comparison | Diffen [Internet]. Diffen.com.2018.Available.from: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Sonogram_vs_Ultrasound.

[2]. Tsivgoulis G, Eggers J, Ribo M, Perren F, Saqqur M, Rubiera M, Sergentanis TN, Vadikolias K, Larrue V, Molina CA, Alexandrov AV. Safety and efficacy of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized studies. Stroke. 2010 Feb 1;41(2):280-7.

[3]. Schuman AJ, Ramraj SR, Baeck AA, Marshall JL, Gallinat D, inventors; Acuson Corp, assignee. Medical diagnostic ultrasound imaging system and method for transferring ultrasound examination data to a portable computing device. United States patent US 6,440,072. 2002 Aug 27.

[4]. Schutter EM, Kenemans P, Sohn C, Kristen P, Crombach G, Westermann R, Möbus V, Kaufmann M, Cafier H, Schmidt‐Rhode P, Kreienberg R. Diagnostic value of pelvic examination, ultrasound, and serum CA 125 in postmenopausal women with a pelvic mass. An international multicenter study. Cancer. 1994 Aug 15;74(4):1398-406

[5]. Tsuda H, Kawabata M, Nakamoto O, Yamamoto K. Clinical predictors in the natural history of uterine leiomyoma: preliminary study. Journal of ultrasound in medicine. 1998 Jan 1;17(1):17-20

Abstract: Background: Pneumonia accounts for a significant proportion of the disease burden attributed to acute lower respiratory infections.In order to optimise criteria for hospitalisation and initial therapy, use of Acute Illness Observation Scale (AIOS) -a simple and objective illness severity scale is validated using pulse oximetry and radiological findings. Methods:All children between 2 –24 months, admitted to the children ward with suspected pneumonia were enrolled into the study. Pulse oximetry reading on admission was noted. Acute Illness Observation Scale scoring used to score severity of illness at admission and after 24 hours and 96 hours of admission. Patients were followed up till the time of.......

Key words: Acute Illness Observation Scale, Pneumonia, Pulse oximetry

[1]. Armon K, Stephenson T, Gabriel V, et al. Determining the common medical problems presenting to an accident and emergency department. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84:390–2.
[2]. United Nations Children's Fund, Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed progress report 2015, UNICEF, New York, 2015.
[3]. McCarthy PL, Sharpe MR, Spiesel SZ, Dolan TF, Forsyth BW, DeWitt TG, Fink HD,Baron MA, Cicchetti DV. Observation scales to identify serious illness in febrile children. Pediatrics. 1982 Nov;70(5):802-9.
[4]. Salah ET, Algasim SH, Mhamoud AS, Husian NE. Prevalence of hypoxemia inunder-five children with pneumonia in an emergency pediatrics hospital in Sudan.
[5]. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2015 Apr;19(4):203-7.

Abstract: Background: Haematological abnormalities are a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and result from several influences on the haematopoietic tissue. These abnormalities reflect the underlying immune status and may be prevented or corrected by the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Hepatitis C infection (HCV) is one of the common co-infection in HIV infected person. Anaemia commonly occurs during HIV infection and has been associated with increased progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and co-infection with HCV and reduced survival. Aims: The aims of the study is to analyse haematological manifestations in HIV and HIV-HCV infection and to also study correlation between.......

Key words: HIV,CD4 counts, HCV, Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia

[1]. De Santis GC, Brunetta DM, Vilar FC, Brandão RA, de Albernaz Muniz RZ, de Lima GM, et al. Hematological abnormalities in HIV-infected patients. Int J Infect Dis 2011;15:808-11.
[2]. Dhurve SA, Dhurve AS. Bone marrow abnormalities in HIV disease. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2013;5:e2013033.
[3]. Mathews SE, Srivastava D, Balayadav R, Sharma A. Association of hematological profile of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with clinicoimmunologic stages of the disease. J Lab Physicians 2013;5:34-7.
[4]. Cohen PT, Sande MA, Volberding P. The AIDS Knowledge Base: A Textbook of HIV Disease from the University of California, San Francisco General Hospital. Boston: Little Brown; 1994.

[5]. Resino S, Bellon JM, Asensio C, Micheloud D, Miralles P, Vargas A, et al. Can serum hyaluronic acid replace simple non-invasive indexes to predict liver fibrosis in HIV/Hepatitis C coinfected patients? BMC Infect Dis, 2010; 10: p. 244 10.1186/1471-2334-10-244.

Abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a commonly used serological assay for screening of donated blood units for HIV, HBV and HCV. The decision point for the release of donated blood that is in the grey-zone of ELISA cut-off is a matter of serious concern because the status of true negativity is uncertain. Inclusion of methodologies to enhance the test sensitivity is particularly important for screening purpose. Test specimens with absorbance values within 10% below the ELISA cut-off (grey- zone) were retested in duplicate in the next ELISA run. If both duplicate retest sample absorbance values were less than the cut-off, the sample was considered non-reactive......

Key words: Absorbance value, ELISA cut-off, Grey-zone

[1]. National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR- National Institute of Medical Statistics (2018). HIV Estimation 2017: Technical Report New Delhi: NACO, Ministry of Healthand Family Welfare, Government of India. p.54-58.
[2]. National Action Plan Combating Viral Hepatitis in India (2019):Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. p.23.
[3]. National AIDS Control Organisation (2007). Standards for Blood Banks and Blood Transfusion Services. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi
[4]. Pereira P, Westgard JO, Encarnacao P, Seghatchian J, De souse G. The role of uncertainty regarding the results of screening immuneassays in blood establishment.Transfus Apher Sci.2015;52:252-5
[5]. World Health Organisation (2009). Screening Donated Blood for Transfusion Transmissible Infections: Recommendations. p. 16-48.

Abstract: Background: To compare the foetal doppler studies &CPR in diabetic pregnant patients, as compared to normal pregnancy at 36 weeks to 38 weeks period of gestation Patients and Methods: This prospective study has been carried out to investigate the association between pregnancy with diabetes, abnormal Doppler parameters and adverse pregnancy outcome and to compare the data with that of normal pregnancy. Results& Discussion: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important complication in pregnancy, associated with higher rates of poor foetal, maternal and perinatal outcomes. Therefore, this longitudinal study was conducted in pregnant women attending the antenatal......

Key words:DM: diabetes mellitus,GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus, UA: umbilical artery, GCA: gross congenital anomaly, MNT:medical nutrition therapy, GTT: Glucose Tolerance Test,OHA: oral hypoglycaemic agent, PI: Pulsatilityindex, RI: resistance index, MCA: Middle cerebral Artery, GA: gestational age

[1]. Negrato CA, Mattar R, Gomes MB. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012;4(1):1–6.
[2]. Magee MS, Walden CE, Benedetti TJ, Knopp RH. Influence of diagnostic criteria on the incidence of gestational diabetes and perinatal morbidity. JAMA.1993;269:609-15.
[3]. Platt MJ, Stanisstreet M, Casson IF, Howard V, Walkinshaw S, PennycookS, McKendrick O. St Vincent's Declaration 10 years on: outcomes of diabetic pregnancies. Diabet Med. 2002;19: 216-20.
[4]. Seshiah V, Balaji V. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India. J Assoc Physicians India. 2004;52:707.
[5]. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician‐gynecologists. Number 30, September 2001 (replaces Technical Bulletin Number 200, December 1994). Gestational Diabetes. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98: 525–538..

Abstract: Introduction: Type 2 diabetes patient have low level of adiponectin and this level correlates with insulin sensitivity level. Similarly inflammatory markers play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the association of adiponectin and inflammatory markers in clinically diagnosed diabetes mellitus patient. Material and method: Total 70 cases of diabetes mellitus in age group of 10 years to 65 years, 25 normal healthy control of same group included in the study.......

Key words: Adiponectin, Diabetes Mellitus, C - reactive protein, Tumour necrosis factor -α, Interleukin - 6

[1]. Ziemke, F., Mantzoros, C.S, 2010. Adiponectin in insulin resistance: lessons from translational research. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 91 (1), 258S–261S.
[2]. Lang, H.F., Chou, C.Y., Sheu, W.H., Lin, J.Y., 2011. Weight loss increased serum adiponectin but decreased lipid levels in obese subjects whose body mass index was lower than 30 kg/m2. Nutr. Res. 31, 378–386.
[3]. Medina-Bravo, P., et al., 2011. Decrease in serum adiponectin levels associated with visceral fat accumulation independent of pubertal stage in children and adolescents. Arch. Med. Res. 42, 115–121.
[4]. Pyrzak, B., Ruminska, M., Popko, K., Demkow, U., 2010. Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Eur. J. Med. Res. 15 (Suppl. 2), 147–151.
[5]. N Olson N C, Callas P W, Hanley A J, Festa A, Haffner S M, Wagenknecht L E, and Tracy R P . Circulating Levels of TNF-α are associated with Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Increased Insulin Resistance, and Ethnicity : The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. J. Clin EndocriClin Metab-2012, 97:1032–1040

Abstract: It is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides high resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the optic nerve head. With axial resolution in the 5–7 μm range, it provides close to an in-vivo 'optical biopsy' of the retina.........

[1]. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254:1178–1181.

[2]. Sull AC, Vuong LN, Price LL, et al. Comparison of spectral/Fourier domain optical coherence tomography instruments for assessment of normal macular thickness. Retina. 2010;30:235–245.

[3]. de Boer JF, Cense B, Park BH, et al. Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2003;28:2067–2069.

[4]. Leitgeb R, Hitzenberger C, Fercher A. Performance of Fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography. Opt Express. 2003;11:889–894.

[5]. Ho J, Witkin AJ, Liu J, et al. Documentation of intraretinal retinal pigment epithelium migration via high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:687–693.

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is the dosimetric comparison of 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) and 10 MV FFF energies in the lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plans.
Materials and Methods: The treatment plans of 16 lung SBRT patients were prepared using the same fields and the same physical parameters for 6 MV FFF and 10 MV FFF energies. Critical organ doses, planning target volume doses, quality of plans (gradient index (GI), homogeneity index of International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements.....

Key words: FFF energies, Lung SBRT, Average Gama Index

[1]. Kavanagh BD and. Timmerman RD. Stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiation therapy: An overview of technical considerations and clinical applications. HematolOncolClin North Am. 2006;20:87–95.
[2]. Romanelli P, Schaal DW, Adler JR. Image-guided radiosurgical ablation of intra- and extra-cranial lesions. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2006;5:421–428.
[3]. Pantelis E, Antypas C, Petrokokkinos L, Karaiskos P, Papagiannis P, Kozicki M, Georgiou E, Sakelliou L, Seimenis I. Dosimetric Characterization of CyberKnifeRadiosurgical Photon Beams Using Polymer Gels. Med Phys. 2008;35:2312-20
[4]. Lax I, Panettieri V, Wennberg B, Duch M.A, Näslund I, Baumann P, Gagliardi G. Dose Distributions in SBRT of Lung Tumors: Comparison Between Two Different Treatment Planning Algorithms and Monte-Carlo Simulation Including Breathing Motions. ActaOncologica 2006;45:978-988
[5]. Van der VZ, Schmidt HG. Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Real-Time Tumor Tracking. Ph.D. Degree thesis Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam 2011.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus affects individuals of all ages and socioeconomic status. Skin is influenced by the acute metabolic derangements as well as by chronic degenerative complications of diabetes. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of skin manifestations and pattern of skin disorders among diabetic patients from Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar in El-Beida City (Libya). Fifty consecutive patients type 2 diabetes mellitus attending to the diabetic center in El-Beida City. Overall 50 patients (50% male and 50% female), mean age was 58.4 ± 9.4 years and mean duration of diabetes 14.6± 6.6 years. Mean HBA1C was 9.7±1.6. Most frequently observed skin disorders were: cutaneous infections (68%), acanthosis nigricans and pruritus (56%), xerosis (52%), skin tags (28%), and hyperpigmentation.......

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, skin lesions and Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar

[1]. F. Niaz, F. Bashir, N. Shams, Z. Shaikh, I. Ahmed, Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus type 2: prevalence and association with glycemic control. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology 26, 4-11 (2016).

[2]. D. D. Demirseren, S. Emre, G. Akoglu, D. Arpacı, A. Arman, A. Metin, B. Cakır, Relationship between skin diseases and extracutaneous complications of diabetes mellitus: clinical analysis of 750 patients. American journal of clinical dermatology 15, 65-70 (2014).

[3]. N. G. Paron, P. W. Lambert, Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 27, 371-383 (2000).

[4]. B. C. Callaghan, H. T. Cheng, C. L. Stables, A. L. Smith, E. L. Feldman, Diabetic neuropathy: clinical manifestations and current treatments. The lancet NEUROLOGY 11, 521-534 (2012).

[5]. Y. J. Bhat, V. Gupta, R. Kudyar, Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Int J Diab Dev Ctries 26, 153 (2006)..

Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract pathogens, primarily Escherichia coli, in two age groups, children 1-16 years and adults 17‐55 y, over a period of 6 months at Al - Thawra Central Educational Hospital - El – Beida City. A total of 265 mid-stream urine samples were collected and cultured, 99 (37.4%) samples isolated with E.coli growth and the remaining 166 (62.6%) samples were negative(found be sterile or another bacteriuria). E. coli was the most common pathogen in both age groups. E. coli resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim was higher in children than in adults. Resistance to Colistin Sulphate, Nalidixic acid and Cefamandole G were higher in adults than in children. Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin......

Key words: Urinary tract infection, Escherichia coli and Antimicrobial resistance

[1]. AHMED, S. & AVASARALA, A. 2008. Urinary tract infections (UTI) among adolescent girls in rural Karimnagar District, AP KAP STUDY. Indian J Pre Soc Med, 39.
[2]. AKRAM, M., SHAHID, M. & KHAN, A. U. 2007. Etiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of community-acquired urinary tract infections in JNMC Hospital Aligarh, India. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 6, 4.
[3]. ALANAZI, M. Q., ALQAHTANI, F. Y. & ALEANIZY, F. S. 2018. An evaluation of E. coli in urinary tract infection in emergency department at KAMC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: retrospective study. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 17, 3.
[4]. AMDEKAR, S., SINGH, V. & SINGH, D. D. 2011. Probiotic therapy: immunomodulating approach toward urinary tract infection. Current microbiology, 63, 484.
[5]. BARTOLONI, A., PALLECCHI, L., BENEDETTI, M., FERNANDEZ, C., VALLEJOS, Y., GUZMAN, E., VILLAGRAN, A. L., MANTELLA, A., LUCCHETTI, C. & BARTALESI, F. 2006. Multidrug-resistant commensal Escherichia coli in children, Peru and Bolivia. Emerging infectious diseases, 12, 907.

Abstract: Introduction: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) is a subject of great concern of the healthcare services. Surgical Site Infection (SSI), among the topographies of the HAIs, is directly related to surgical procedures, and is currently one of the most important among the HAIs. Surgical site infection is serious complication of surgery with significant impact on morbidity and mortality. However, Povidone-iodine has been utilized as a broad-spectrum antiseptic irrigation solution in the wound management processes for many years but some recent studies showed that the infection rate in laparotomy wounds decreases more by using normal saline.
Objectives: In the background......

Key words: Wound irrigation; Infection; Povidone-iodine; Normal saline

[1]. Centers for Disease Control And Prevention (CDC). Procedure-Associated Module: surgical site infection event [Internet]. Atlanta; 2016. 29 p. [Access 2016 Ago 17]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ pscmanual/9pscssicurrent.pdf.
[2]. Emori TG, Gaynes RP. An overview of nosocomial infections, including the role of the microbiology laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993;6:428-42.
[3]. Hedrick TL, Anastacio MM, Sawyer RG. Prevention of surgical site infections. ExpertRev Anti Infect Ther 2006;4:223-33.
[4]. Anderson DJ, Podgorny K, Berríos-Torres SI, Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Greene L, et al. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. [Internet]. 2014 [Access 2016 Ago. 16]; 35(s2): s66-s88.

[5]. Engemann JJ, Carmeli Y, Cosgrove SE, Fowler VG, Bronstein MZ, Trivette SL, et al. Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection. Clin Infect Dis. [Internet]. 2003 [Access 2016 Ago.16]; 36: 592-8. Available from: http://cid. oxfordjournals.org/content/36/5/592.full.pdf+html

Abstract: Ocular involvement of rhinosporidiosis is seen in about 15% of cases and clinically appears as a freely mobile, granular, pink, fleshy sessile or pedunculated mass. The conjunctiva being the most common site of origin among the other sites. We present a case series of ocular rhinosporidiosis with varied presentation found almost exclusively among young male patients. The presentations of ocular rhinosporidiosis vary. Though the conjunctival origin is very common, it may not have a classic pink fleshy appearance at all times. A vascular/cystic painless conjunctival mass should also be considered as a case of rhinosporidiosis in prone areas.

Key words: conjunctival rhinosporidiosis; ocular rhinosporidiosis; Tamil Nadu

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