iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2019

Abstract: Over the years, dentistry has evolved from conventional 'Extension for Prevention' approach for tooth preparation to minimally invasive methods of caries removal. In pediatric patients, dental phobia and anxiety is most commonly related to the sound and vibration of conventional rotary instruments. Lasers play an integral role in both minimally invasive dentistry and reduction of dental anxiety in patients. Erbium laser technology is a safe device for selective and efficient removal of carious tooth structure. This is especially important in pediatric dentistry, considering the morphology of the deciduous and young permanent teeth. The capability of caries removal without any distress to the patient has a huge impact on the delivery of dental care. Erbium lasers work by the principle of thermomechanical.......

Key Words:lasers, erbium lasers, pediatric dentistry

[1]. Bönecker M, Abanto J, Tello G, Oliveira LB. Impact of dental caries on preschool children's quality of life: an update. Brazilian oral research. 2012;26(SPE1):103-7.
[2]. Black GV. Cavity preparation. Volume II. The technical procedures in filling teeth. In: A Work on Operative Dentistry in Two Volumes. Chicago: MedicoDental Publishing Co., 1908:110–111 [3]. White JM, Swift Jr EJ. Lasers for use in dentistry. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2005 Jan;17(1):60-. [4]. Goldman L, Blaney DJ, Freemond A. The biomedical aspects of lasers. JAMA. 1964 Apr 20;188(3):302-6. [5]. Parker S. Verifiable CPD paper: Introduction, history of lasers and laser light production. British dental journal. 2007 Jan;202(1):21.

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to determine the characteristic of ultrasonography in detecting renal infections (glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis) versus laboratory tests. This study was done on A total of 234 patients were included in this study (106 were normal cases (22.6% male and 77.4% female), 128 patients had renal infections; 68 diagnosed with glomerulonephritis (38.2% males and 61.8% females) 60 with pyelonephritis (33.3% males and 66.7 females). The study was done on Khartoum hospital and Madanihospital the important results of this study were female was mostly affected by glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis rather than the male with male to female ratio of 1:1.6 and 1:2 respectively. loin pain found in 82.4% associated with glomerulonephritis......

Key words: glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, ultrasound, Creatinine level

[1]. Abdelrahman H A. B., Adil A. Mansour, M. E. M. Gar-elnabi,Elsir Ali Saeed, Ultrasonographic Renal Length and Parenchymal Thickness in Normal Sudanese Population, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN
[2]. KEMP., W., BURNS., D. & BROWN., T. 2008. Pathology: The Big Picture, McGraw-Hill Companies
[3]. Jan A. Bates; MPH;L DMU ;DCR;abdominal Ultrasound. 2nd Edition 2004; P .1.
[4]. Al-KhaderAA,Tamim H, SulaimanMH,JondebyMS,TaherS,Hejaili FF, et al.what is the most appropriate formula to use in estimating glomerular filtration rate in adult Arabs without kidney disease? Ren Fail 2008;30:205-8.
[5]. Brandt TD,NeimanHL,DragowskiMJ,Bulawa W ,ClaykampGUltrasound assessment of normal renal dimensions Journal Ultrasound Med.1982 Mar,L(2):49-52.

Abstract: Background:Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a clinical term to describe any type of bleeding that does not fall within the normal ranges for amount, frequency, duration or cyclicity. It causes considerable morbidity and affects patient's life. The aim of the study was to analyse the histopathological patterns of endometrium in patients presenting with AUB and also to determine the incidence of AUB in various age groups. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study that included 317 patients with clinical diagnoses of AUB during 3 years study period from June 2015 to May 2018 in Department of Pathology at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed in form of percentages and represented as tables where necessary..........

Key words: Endometrium, Abnormal uterine bleeding, Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

[1]. Munro MG, Critchley HO, Fraser IS, FIGO Menstrual Disorders Working Group. The FIGO classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years. FertilSteril 2011;95:2204-8.
[2]. Goldstein SR. Menorrhagia and abnormal bleeding before themenopause. Best Pract Res ClinObstetGynaecol 2004;18:59-69.
[3]. Nicholson WK, Ellison SA, Grason H, Power NR. Patterns of ambulatory care use for gynecological conditions: a national study. Amer J ObstetGynecol 2001; 184: 523-30. (15-587)
[4]. Albers JR, Hull SK, Wesley MA. Abnormal uterine bleeding. AmerFamPhys 2004; 69: 1915-26.
[5]. Brandon JB, Amy EH, Nicholas CL, Harold EF, Edward EW. The John Hopkin's Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2002; 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Williams; 2004. p. 405-11.

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to determine the characteristic of different breast cancers in ultrasound images. This study was done on 32 patients who have breast cancer in different ages (20-60 years) and it was done on radiation and isotopes center in Khartoum. The important results of this study were most common age group who has breast cancer was from 40 to 49 years (59,6%) also the most common type of breast cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma (84,4%) follows by lobular carcinoma (9,4%) and malignant phylloid tumor (6,3%).

Key words:breast carcinoma, U/S, ductal carcinoma

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Abstract: Triple X syndrome, 47,XXX is a sex chromosome abnormality characterized by presence of an extra X chromosome. Usually a neonate diagnosed with triple XXX is very rare since there are no signs and symptoms. In the present case a three day old female baby with depressed nasal bridge and sandal gap features was confirmed with 47,XXX.

Key words: Depressed nasal bridge, Sandal gap, Super female, Triple X syndrome, 47,XXX

[1] KH Gustavson, Triple X syndrome deviation with mild symptoms. The majority goes undiagnosed, Lakartidningen, 96, 1999, 5646-5647.
[2] M Otter, CT Schrander-Stumpel, LM Curfs, Triple X syndrome: A review of the literature, Eur J of Hum Gen, 18, 2010, 265-271.
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[5] NR Tartaglia, S Howell, A Sutherland, R Wilson, L Wilson, A review of trisomy X (47,XXX), Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 5, 2010, 8. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-8

Abstract: The standard treatment for a duplex kidney with poorly functioning upper pole moiety is ipsilateral upper pole heminephrectomy. This procedure is usually performed by open surgery, but with recent developments in techniques of laparoscopy, it can be done with it, safely. In this study we report our experience with laparoscopic hemi nephrectomy (LH) in children with duplex kidneys, with respect to duration of surgery, hospital stay and complications. A retrospective analysis of 7 children with duplex kidney with an upper pole nonfunctioning moiety who underwent LH was done. All seven patients had upper pole hemi nephrectomy, the average duration of surgery was 80-85 minutes, average duration of stay was 3.5 days in uncomplicated cases with complications in two children. Laparoscopic hemi nephrectomy is a safe approach to duplex system in children.

Key words: Laparoscopy, Hemi nephrectomy, duplex kidney, children

[1]. Schlussel RN, Retik AB. Ectopic ureter, ureterocele, and other anomalies of the ureter. In: Campbell MF, Walsh PC, editors. Campbell′s Urology. Philadelphia: Saund 2007-52.
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Abstract: In An Era Where Diabetes Has Become A Major Health Problem With Increasing Prevalence In Both Developed And Developing Countries,Management Of Complications Especially The Diabetic Ulcers Has Imposed A Huge Challenge For The Health Care Systems.The Incidence Of Foot Ulcers Is About 25% Of Which 50%Become Infected Requiring Hospitalization. These Contribute To Approximately80%Of All Non-Traumatic Amputations In India,Annually (1)Patients With A History Of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Have 40%Higher 10 -Year Death Rate,Than Those Without.

[1]. L.N.Mc Ewen ,K.R.Yllitalo,W.H.Herman And J.S.Wrabel,Prevalence And Risk Factors Foe Diabetes -Related Foot Complications In Translating Research Into Action For Diabetes[Triad],Journal Of Diabetes And Its Complications,Vol.27,No.6,Pp.588-592,2013.
[2]. R.R.Yotsu,N.M.Pham,M.Oe Et Al.,Comparision Of Characteristics And Healing Course Of Diabetic Foot Ulcers By Etiological Classification:Neuropathic ,Ischemic And Neuro-Ischemic Type,"Journalof Diabetes And Its Complications,Vol.28,No.4,Pp-528-535,2014.
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[4]. Kevinr.Knox,Ramazio.Datiashvili,Marks.Granick.Surgical Wound Bed Preparation Of Chronic And Acute Wounds.Clin Plastic Surg.,2007;32:633-641.
[5]. Iwgdf Guideline On The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Foot Infection In Persons With Diabetes.2019.

Abstract: Objectives To present our center's experience in managing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) conditions using bougie dilators. We described the dilation technique methodically for teaching purpose. Patients and method Retrospectively, a total of 196 medical records over the last four years denoting BOO conditions in men, women, and children were retrieved for analysis. Data reviewed for common complications was namely: perforation, recurrence, urinary tract obstruction (UTI) and inability to overcome the obstruction. Results Among the 196 analyzed cases, 24 (12.2%) cases were cured, whereas 172 (87.8%) cases reported complications. Within the complicated cases analyzed, 134 (68.4%) cases had recurrent obstructions, 13 (6.6%) cases had perforations, 6 (3.0%) cases developed UTI, while in 19 (9.7%) cases, we failed to pass the obstruction.

Key words:urethral dilation technique, bougie dilators, urethral sounds, urethral stricture, BOO

[1]. Steenkamp JW, Heyns CF, de Kock ML. Internal urethrotomy versus dilation as treatment for male urethral strictures: a prospective, randomized comparison. J Urol. 1997;157:98–10.
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[5]. Wong SS, Aboumarzouk OM, Narahari R, O'Riordan A, Pickard R. Simple urethral dilatation, endoscopic urethrotomy, and urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease in adult men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 doi: 10.1002/14651858.

Abstract: The Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS) also known as Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome is an Autosomal Dominant Disorder characterized bymultiple Odontogenic Keratocysts (OKCs) in the jaw, multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and skeletal abnormities. This paper reports a case of a 20-year old male patient with NBCCS emphasizing on its clinical and radiographic manifestations along witha brief literature review.

Keywords: NBCCS, basal cell carcinoma, multiple keratocystic odontogenic tumors, Gorlin- Goltz syndrome

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[5]. Woolgar JA, Rippin JW, Browne RM. The odontogenic keratocyst and its occurrence in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987;64:727-30.

Abstract: The aim of this study was early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in lymphnode Fine needle aspiration Cytology by Modified bleach method.A total of 237 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy were taken into account. The acid-fast bacilli positivity by routine staining was compared with modified bleach methods of Ziehl Neelsen staining. The routine Ziehl Nielsenstaining detected acid fast bacilli in 97 (40.9%) of cases and the modified bleach method in 159 (67.08%). Modified bleach method showed acid fast bacilli positivity in additional 62 cases where routine Ziehl Nielsen staining was negative.The modified bleach method was more effective and safer than routine Ziehl Nielsen staining.

[1]. Shah K Abhay, Shah A Ashay.Diagnosis of Childhood Tuberculosis.Pediatric Infectious Disease. 2019; 1(1):8.
[2]. Dawani A, Gupta A, Imaging in Paediatric Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. The Indian journal of Pediatrics.2019;86(5):459-467.
[3]. D Aygun, N Akcakaya. Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Characterstic of Children with Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Medicinia.2019;55(8):428.
[4]. 4. S Manali, B Ullas. PCR in tuberculosis: An extremely useful tool?.2018;4(2):60-63.
[5]. A Gehan Mohammed,A seed Ahmed Mohammed. Comparison of the Microwave -Heated ziehl-Neelsen Stain and Conventional Ziehl Neelsen Method in the Detection of Acid Fast Bacilli in Lymph Node Biopsies. Open Access Maced J Med Sci.2019;7(6):903-907.

Abstract: Aims and Objectives – To study visual field presentation in patients with radiologically suspected, histologically proven pituitary macroadenoma and correlation with retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in a retrospective study Methodology – Medical records of 23 patients diagnosed with pituitary adenoma confirmed by histopathology report from November 2013 to May 2018 were reviewed. Data of complete ocular examination and MRI-Brain before surgery were noted..............

Key words: macroadenoma, sd-oct, RNFL

[1]. Ambrosi B, Faglia G. Multicenter Pituitary Tumor Study Group, Lombardia Region. Epidemiology of pituitary tumors. In: Faglia G, Beck-Peccoz P, Ambrosi A, Travaglini P, Spada A, editors. Pituitary Adenomas: New Trends in Basic and Clinical Research, Amstredam: Excerpta Medica;1991.pp.159-68
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Abstract: Aim: Aim of this study was to observe and analyze the acceptance of epidural labour analgesia amongst parturient at rural tertiary care center,depending on their literacy status and parity. Methods:After ethical committee approval, 50 pregnant women who were opted for epidural labour analgesia and 50 pregnant women without any pain-relieving modality,were analyzed for their preferences about labour analgesia according to literacy status and parity. Results: 54 % of graduates opted for epidural as compared to 6 % graduates in the group with no pain-relieving modality. While only 2 % illiterate in epidural group, but 40% of them in group with no pain-relieving modality. Also 70 % of patients were primigravidas opting for epidural as compared to 48 % in group with no pain-relieving modality. While 30% multigravida opted for epidural, but 52% of them in group with no pain-relieving modality.........

[1]. ACOG. (2019). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 209: Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(3), e208. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003132
[2]. Akadri, A. A., &Odelola, O. I. (2018). Labour pain perception: Experiences of Nigerian mothers. The Pan African Medical Journal, 30. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.30.288.16672
[3]. Beck, C. T. (2011). A metaethnography of traumatic childbirth and its aftermath: Amplifying causal looping. Qualitative Health Research, 21(3), 301–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310390698
[4]. Deogaonkar, S. G., &Natekar, S. (2016). Awareness and acceptance of labour analgesia in rural india. International Journal of Medical Research and Review, 4(12). Retrieved from http://medresearch.in/index.php/IJMRR/article/view/1087
[5]. Henry, A., &Nand, S. L. (2004). Women's antenatal knowledge and plans regarding intrapartum pain management at the Royal Hospital for Women. The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, 44(4), 314–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2004.00230.x

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a preventable cause of death that affects people all over the world. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in the year 2015 alone, 71 million persons in various nations of the world had chronic hepatitis C Virus infection. In the same year, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by HCV infection was responsible for the death of 399,000 people around the world. Although HCV, a positive stranded RNA virus of the genus Hepacivirus, was discovered about 3 decades ago, there is no vaccine yet for prevention of the disease that it causes........

Key words:Hepatitis C virus, chronic hepatitis, treatment, direct-acting antiviral agents

[1]. Irshad M, Mankotia DS, Irshad K. An insight into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2013; 19 (44), 7896-909.
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[3]. Manns M. P., Buti M., Gane E., Pawlotsky J. M., Razavi H., Terrault N., et al. (2017). Hepatitis C virus infection. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 3:17006. 10.1038/nrdp.2017.6
[4]. WHO: Global Hepatitis Report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. Available at https://www.who.int/hepatitis/ publications/global-hepatitis-report 2017/en/
[5]. WHO Factsheet 2017, New Hepatitis data highlight need for urgent global response. Available at: www.who.int/news-room/detail/21-04-2017-new-hepatitis-data-highlight-need-for-urgent-global-response.

Abstract: Bioelectricity generation through Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) technology is an alternative source of energy generation to fossil fuel which has been shown to have negative environmental impact. Microbial degradation of biomass could possibly be the most renewable means of generating electrical and thermal energy. This study was designed to evaluate different factors to enhanced bioelectricity generation in MFCs which include: architectural design of MFCs chamber, selected catholytes, and different local with foreign electrode, different mediators and the use of different proton exchange membrane for bioelectricity generation. Different yeast species were isolated from cassava waste water, whey waste water, human urine and rabbit dung using spread plate method......

Key words:Bioelectricity, Catholytes, Electrode, Microbial fuel cell (MFC) and Renewable biomass

[1]. Adekunle, A., and Raghavan, V. (2017) Evaluation of the suitability and performance of cassava waste (peel) extracts in a microbial fuel cell for supplementary and sustainable energy production. Waste Management and Research. 35(1): 47–55
[2]. Agarry, S. E., and Aremu, M. O. (2012). Batch equilibrium and kinetic studies of simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation of phenol by pineapple peels immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950. British Biotechnology Journal. 2(1): 26.
[3]. Agarry, S. E., Gghenejoboh, K. M., and Solomon, B. O. (2016). Bioelectricity production from cassava mill effluents using microbial fuel cell technology. Nigerian journal of Technology. Vol 35, No 2: 329-336.
[4]. Du, F., Xie, B., Dong, W., Jia, B., Dong, K., and Liu, H. (2011). Cnotinuous flowing membraneless microbial fuel cells with separated electrode chambers. Bioresource Technology. 102(19): 8914-8920.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 100% banana (Musa Paradisiaca var. Raja) peel extract on color changes of human permanent teeth. This was an experimental laboratories study with pre and post-test design. Samples were human teeth that have been discolored with coffee for 14 daysand separated into three groups (n=10). Samples soaked in 100% banana (Musa Paradisiaca var. Raja) peel extract for 1, 2 and 3 hours. The extract was made by ethanol maceration extraction method. The shade of tooth were analyzed visually using classical shade guide (VITAPAN Classical, Zahnfabrik, Germany) and conduct on after discoloration (baseline) and after treatment...........

[1]. Tin-Oo MM, Saddki N, Hassan N. Factors influencing patient satisfaction with dental appearance and treatments they desire to improve aesthetics. BMC Oral Health.2011; 11(6):1-8.
[2]. Yash Kapadia and Vinay Jain. Tooth staining: A review and treatment modalities. Acta Scientific Dental Sciences.2018; 2(6):67-70.
[3]. SuliemanMunther A.M. An overview of tooth-bleaching techniques: chemistry, safety and efficacy. Periodontology 2000.2008;48:148-69.
[4]. Mardhiyah , Pasril Y. Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Gigi Dalam Esktrak Buah Tomat ( Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill) Terhadap Perubahan Warna Gigi Pada Proses Pemutihan Gigi Secara In Vitro [Thesis]. Yogyakarta: Fakultas KedokteranUniversitas Muhammadiyah Yogya.2016
[5]. Margaretha J, Rianti D, Meizarini A. Perubahanwarna enamel gigisetelahaplikasi pasta buahstroberidan gel karbamidperoksida 10% (Effect of strawberry paste and carbamideperokside gel 10% towards the brightness enamel tooth). Material Dent J 2009; 1(1): 16-20.