iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

Abstract: Introduction: The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has mandated diversion of majority of healthcare services towards handling the disease burden. Newly joining post graduate medical residents are likely to suffer from anxiety and have apprehension about providing such services. Aims: To identify the anxiety and preparedness of newly elected post-graduate residents in tertiary care teaching hospitals Methods: An online questionnaire was circulated amongst post graduates who were joining their residency program in tertiary care hospitals in Mumbai. The questionnaire included information about their selection of course and institute, their anxiety assessment (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment score or GAD-7) and preparedness for residency.........

[1]. World Health Organisation: WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. Available at URL: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic (Last accessed on June 24, 2020) [2]. Jonathan Schwartz, Chwan-Chuen King, Muh-Yong Yen, Protecting Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Lessons From Taiwan's Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Response, Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa255, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa255
[3]. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Transcript of the press conference of the China-WHO Joint Expert Investigation Team on Covid-19 on February 25, 2020. Available at URL: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/joint-mission-press-conference-script-english-final.pdf?sfvrsn=51c90b9e_2 (Last accessed on June 24, 2020)
[4]. Shanafelt T, Ripp J, Trockel M. Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. 2020;323(21):2133–2134. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5893 [5]. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Chronic Periodontitis is an multifactorial, immuno inflammatory disorder which is initiated by the accumulation of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque. When plaque bacteria invades the gingival tissue it evokes an immune inflammatory response by stimulating the host response which results in the destruction of periodontal apparatus in the susceptible individuals. Vitamin D plays an vital role in bone metabolism and homeostasis. Additionally vitamin D also has immunomodulatory and anti inflammatory properties. Hence there is an rationale that vitamin D deficiency could progress the rate of periodontal destruction. This study was done to evaluate if any relationship exist between vitamin D deficiency and periodontal disease and to find out anti inflammatory properties of vitamin D........

Key Word: C-Reactive Protein, Vitamin D, Immuno Inflammatory

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Abstract: COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus. The World Health Organisation (WHO) indicated that approximately 1 in 10 people all over the world have been affected by this virus. Hence, there is a need to find the functional limitation of post COVID 19 patients and recommend measures for reducing the same.........

[1]. Sandford A. Coronavirus: Half of humanity now on lockdown as 90 countries call for confinement. Accessed on.2020 Apr; 17.
[2]. World Health Organization. 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 72. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/ 20200401-sitrep-72-covid 19.pdf?sfvrsn= 3dd8971b_2.
[3]. Ministry of Health and Population Egypt. Management Protocol of COVID-19 patients. Version 1.4, 30th May 2020. https://www.care.gov.eg/EgyptCare/Index.aspx. 2020
[4]. Simpson R, Robinson L. Rehabilitation after critical illness in people with COVID-19 infection. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 99: 470–474.
[5]. Tansey CM, Louie M, Loeb M, et al. One-year outcomes and health care utilization in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 1312–1320.

Abstract: Background: The soft tissue extension is usually referred to as the biologic width around implants, and it serves as a protective mechanism for the underlying bone, if a minimal dimension of gingival tissues is not available, bone loss may occur to ensure the proper development of biologic width. The long term success of implants is determined by factors such as the bone quality, type of prosthesis, occlusal loading, oral hygiene, overlying soft tissue, andregularity of recall visits. Materials and Methods: 10 implants were placed in 10 subjects, out of which 5 subjects were having a soft tissue thickness greater than 2mm (thick biotype group) and other 5 subjects were having soft tissue thickness less than 2mm (thin biotype group). CBCT analysis was done for estimation of soft tissue thickness at the implant site before implant placement. The amount of crestal bone loss occurred after 6 months of implant placement was evaluated in both groups using CBCT analysis.....

Key words: implant, keratinized tissue, biotype

[1]. Chung DM, Oh TJ, Shotwell JL, Misch CE, Wang HL. Significance of keratinized mucosa in maintenance of dental implants with different surfaces. J Periodontol 2006;77:1410-20.
[2]. Lindhe J, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Liljenberg B,Marinello C. Experimental breakdown of peri-implant and periodontal tissues. A study in the beagle dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992; 3:9–16.
[3]. Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Dimension of the periimplant mucosa. Biological width revisited. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:971-3.
[4]. Sharma S, Thakur SL, Joshi SK, Kulkarni SS. Measurement of gingival thickness using digital vernier caliper and ultrasonographic method: A comparative study. J Investig Clin Dent 2014;5:138-43.
[5]. Pragathi Raghavendra Bhat et.al, The influence of soft tissue biotype on the marginal bone changes around dental implants: A 1-year prospective clinico-radiological study. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology - Vol 19, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2015

Abstract: Background – Majority of the uropathogens being isolated these days, are found to be multidrug resistant. Aim – The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity pattern for various bacteria isolated and compare it with that of nitrofurantoin. Materials and methods – urine samples from patients clinically diagnosed to have UTI were submitted in sterile, wide mouthed, screw capped universal container. 100 isolates from these samples were taken up for further evaluation for sensitivity pattern. Result – Nitrofurantoin was sensitive against 66.67% K.pneumoniae isolates, 79.48% E.coli, 100% Enterobacter spp., 50% Citrobacter spp., 75% Enterococcus spp., 100% S.aureus and 100% CONS. Conclusions – Nitrofurantoin has the potential to occupy the position of empirical drug once again, as it shows high sensitivity rates, is an oral drug, is easily available and is very cost effective.

Keywords: UTI, resistance, Nitrofurantoin, empirical drug.

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Abstract: Background: The practice of dentistry involves the use of rotary instruments such as airotor handpieces, ultrasonic scalers and air-water syringes which can generate aerosols with suspended microbes. DHCPs (Dental health care professionals) constitute a high-risk group for COVID -19. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study aims to investigate the awareness of COVID-19 among the dental specialists, dental interns and dental auxiliaries in tertiary health care centers in Kerala State, India. A 17 point questionnaire was distributed in the six Government dental colleges in Kerala State. The responses received were stratified into three categories dental specialists, interns and auxillaries. Chi-square test was used to assess responses to knowledge statements between the participants.....

Key Word: COVID-19, Awareness, Specialists, Interns, Auxillaries

[1]. World Health Organization. Rolling updates on corona virus disease (COVID19). In: Health emergencies vol. Geneva: WHO; 2020
[2]. WHO Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 88.
[3]. Kampf G, et al. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect 2020;104:246-251.
[4]. Chen J. Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses. Microbes Infect 2020;22:69-71.
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Abstract: Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies showed that the oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high- density lipoprotein cholesterol dysfunction occurs as kidney function declines and inflammation becomes more prevalent. HDL dysfunction might be an important predictive biomarker for the development and progression of atherosclerosis in CKD. Hence in this study we aimed to analyse the lipid profile and its association with renal dysfunction in CKD patients. Materials and methods: A total of 37 subjects with CKD in the age group of 40 to 65 years who were admitted in medicine wards and undergoing dialysis.....

Key Word: Chronic Kidney Disease, Dyslipidemia, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-LDL ratio

[1]. Cockwell P, Fisher LA. The global burden of chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):662–4.
[2]. IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th edition 2019 [Internet]. [cited 2020 Nov 21]. Available from: https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/
[3]. Alicic RZ, Rooney MT, Tuttle KR. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Challenges, Progress, and Possibilities. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Dec;12(12):2032–45.
[4]. Thomas MC, Cooper ME, Zimmet P. Changing epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016 Feb;12(2):73–81.
[5]. Kazancioğlu R. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: an update. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013 Dec;3(4):368–71.

Abstract: Heterogeneous group of lesions that arise from abnormal proliferation of placental trophoblasts that have the property for local invasion and metastasis to distant organs is referred to as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Locally invasive GTN develops in about 15% of patients after evacuation of a complete mole and infrequently after other gestations. Metastatic GTN occurs in about 4% of patients after evacuation of a complete mole, but it is seen more often when GTN develops after non-molar pregnancy. Approximately 50% of cases of GTN arise from molar pregnancy, 25% from miscarriage or tubal pregnancy, and 25% from term or preterm pregnancy. Treatment is based on the total WHO score which signifies the risk of the patient developing single-agent drug resistance. Patient who....

Key Word: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, beta HCG.

[1]. Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP. The management of molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic tumors. In: Knapp RC, Berkowitz RS, eds. Gynecologic oncology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993:328–338.
[2]. Bagshawe KD. Risks and prognostic factors in trophoblastic neoplasia. Cancer 1976;38:1373–1385.
[3]. K. R. Lurain, Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiformmole, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 203 (6) (2010) 531–539
[4]. J.Brown, R.W. Naumann, M.J. Seckl, J. Schink, 15 years ofprogress in gestational trophoblastic disease: scoring standardization, and salvage, Gynecol Oncology. 144 (2017) 200–207
[5]. Bereck and Novak's textbook of gynaecology, 16th edition, chapter 41, pg 1170

Abstract: BACKGROUND Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was becoming a public health problem in accordance to the increasing non communicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension. The CKD subjects are more prone to complications in terms of increased cardiovascular disease mortality. The non-invasive investigations like Carotid Ultrasonography can measure carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and thus can identify CVD complicated with CKD for early intervention preventing subsequent complications. The aim of the study is to assess the role of IMT in subjects with CKD as early markers of cardiovascular disease MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted among 37 subjects in the age group 40-60, identified as CKD patients,undergoing dialysis in Nephrology Department,RajahMuthiah....

Key Word: Chronic Kidney disease, Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Cardiovascular disease, Early marker

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[5]. K. Ogurtsova , J.D. da Rocha Fernandes a , Y. Huang a , U. Linnenkamp a , L. Guariguata a , N.H. Cho a,b , D. Cavan a , J.E. Shaw c , L.E. Makaroff. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040 diabetes research and clinical practice 128 (2017) 40 – 5 0

Abstract: Background: Hospital re-admissions are a consequence of natural course of patient's disease or results from suboptimal care during first admission. Apart from causing increased expenditure, readmission immensely adds to the distress of the patient as well as his relatives. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for 30- day unplanned readmission following emergency laparotomy for acute abdomen cases in order to suggest optimization of intra- operative and post-operative care Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 30 patients who underwent laparotomy in Government General Hospital, Guntur and were readmitted within 30 days of hospitalization were followed up. They were evaluated with a detailed history, previous admission records and operation notes, and biochemical investigations....

Key Word: Hospital re-admission, Emergency Laparotomy, Post-operative complications.

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[3]. Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA. Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program. N Engl J Med. 2009;360 (14):1418-1428.
[4]. Dharmarajan K, Hsieh AF, Lin Z, et al. Diagnoses and timing of 30-day readmissions after hospitalization for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or pneumonia.JAMA. 2013;309(4): 355-363.
[5]. Merchant, S. J. et al. Hospital readmission following surgery for gastric cancer: frequency, timing, etiologies, and survival. J Gastrointest Surg 19, 1769–1781 (2015

Abstract: Wernicke encephalopathy is a medical emergency cause by thiamine or B1 deficiency that results life-threatening brain disruption, confusion, staggering and stumbling, lack of coordination, and abnormal involuntary eye movements. Chronic alcohol intake is the most common reason but it is also common in prolonged intravenous feeding, fasting, refeeding after starvation, prolonged vomiting such as hyperemesis gravidarum, anorexia nervosa, patients receiving dialysis, thyrotoxicosis, congestive heart failure with long term diuretic treatment. In non-alcoholic patients Wernicke Encephalopathy might develop due to the exclusion of upper portions of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. after gastrectomy, gastrojejunostomy, gastric bypass surgery) or malabsorption. Other described conditions in which Wernicke Encephalopathy may develop include HIV/AIDS and several types of malignancy (inoperable gastric cancer, leukaemia and lymphoma)....

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[4]. Jung ES, Kwon O, Lee SH, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy in advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2010;42:77–81
[5]. Merkin-Zaborsky H, Ifergane G, Frisher S, et al. Thiamine-responsive acute neurological disorders in nonalcoholic patients. Eur Neurol 2001;45:34–7

Abstract: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Rhinosporidium Seeberi. It usually manifests as vascular friable polyps in mucosa of nasal cavity,eyes,rectum and genitalia.Cutaneous lesions are exceptional.Multiple lesions of varied morphology on skin is presented without any lesion involving mucosa.Diagnosis was confirmed by histopthological examination.The patient had no other abnormality as evidence of immune suppression on investigations. He is 48 years old working in stagnant lake water.Lesions were treated successfully with electrocautery..

Key Word: Rhinosporidiosis , Rhinosporidium Seeberi, Disseminated, sporangia, Electrocautery

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[5]. Kumari R, Nath AK, Rajalakshmi R, Adityan B, Thappa DM Disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis: varied morphological appearances on the skin.Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009 Jan-Feb;75(1):68-71. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.45225.PMID: 19172036