iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

Abstract: Background: Acute pancreatitis is now the most common reason for hospital admission among all gastrointestinal disorders. In most countries the presence of gallbladder stones represents the most frequent and significant risk factors for developing acute pancreatitis and underlying gallstone disease accounts for between 30 and 50% of cases with pancreatitis. Little is known about whether the severity of pancreatitis depends upon persistent stone impaction or stone passage into the duodenum. Multiple theories have been proposed to describe how gallstones set off the inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis, and a commonly accepted mechanism involves a transient obstruction......

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis (AP). RANSON score, Gallstone

[1]. Whitcomb DC. Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2006;354(20):2142–50.
[2]. Ito K, Ito H, Whang EE. Timing of cholecystectomy for biliary pancreatitis: do the data support current guidelines? J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12(12): 2164–70.
[3]. Frossart JL, Steer ML, Pastor CM. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet 2008;372(9607): 143–52.
[4]. Baillie J. Treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 1997;336(4): 286–7.
[5]. Grisellius H. Misc cur Med phys Acad etc. Ann III: 65,1681

Abstract: Healing of extraction socket leads to the dimensional changes which will affect the placement of the implant and its emergence profile. Atraumatic extraction, socket preservation technique, and immediate implant placement decrease the alveolar bone resorption by maintaining the postextraction socket. Hürzeler et al. introduced socket-shield technique by keeping a buccal fragment of the tooth to prevent the buccal cortical bone from resorption. This study represents a 10 patients with grossly decayed teeth indicated for extraction replaced with an immediate implant. While examining cone-beam computed tomography, thin buccal cortical plate was noticed which may get fracture during extraction. Socket-shield technique was designed for implant placement to protect buccal bone and to get the proper esthetic form. Two millimeters buccal fragment of the tooth was kept attached and the implant was placed in contact......

Key words: Anterior implant, immediate implant, ridge preservation, socket-shield technique

[1]. Amler MH, Johnson PL, Salman I. Histological and histochemical investigation of human alveolar socket healing in undisturbed extraction wounds. J Am Dent Assoc 1960;61:32-44.
[2]. Hürzeler MB, Zuhr O, Schupbach P, Rebele SF, Emmanouilidis N, Fickl S, et al. The socket-shield technique: A proof-of-principle report. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37:855-62.
[3]. SalamaM, Ishikawa T, Salama H, FunatoA, Garber D. Advantages of the root submergence technique for pontic site development in esthetic implant therapy. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2007;27:521-7.
[4]. Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K. Proximal socket shield for interimplant papilla preservation in the esthetic zone. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2013;33:e24-31.
[5]. Resnik RR, Misch C. Prophylactic antibiotic regimens in oral implantology: Rationale and protocol. Implant Dent 2008;17:142-50..

Abstract: Background: Data on influence of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid profile in children is limited and is still controversial. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of valproate,levetiracetam,phenobarbitone and oxcarbazepine monotherapy on thyroid function in children after one year of therapy. Method: A total of 106 children (39 girls and 67 boys) with new onset and controlled epilepsy treated with valproate (n = 52), phenobarbitone (n =12), oxcarbazepine (n = 14) and levetiracetam (n = 28) were enrolled in the study.Serum thyroxine (T4,T3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level were measured before and at one year of therapy........

Key words: AED,Epilepsy,TSH,T4,T3.

[1]. Surks MI, Ortiz GH, Sawin CT. Subclinical thyroid disease: Scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA. 2004; 291:228-38.
[2]. Zulewski H, Müller B, Exer P, Miserez AR. Estimation of tissue hypothyroidism by a new clinical score: Evaluation of patients with various grades of hypothyroidism and controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997; 82:771-6.
[3]. Aijaz NJ, Flaherty EM, Preston T. Neurocognitive function in children with compensated hypothyroidism: lack of short term effects on or off thyroxin. BMC Endocr Disord. 2006; 6:2.
[4]. Verrotti A, Scardapane A, Manco R, Chiarelli F. Antiepileptic drugs and thyroid function. J Pediatric Endocrinol Metab 2008; 21:401–8.
[5]. Benedetti MS, Whomsley R, Baltes E, Tonner F. Alteration of thyroid hormone homeostasis by antiepileptic drugs in humans: involvement of glucuronosyltransferase induction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 61:863–72. Surks MI, Ortiz GH, Sawin CT. Subclinical thyroid disease: Scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA. 2004; 291:228-38.

Abstract: Epidermoid cysts are uncommon, benign cystic lesions occur anywhere in the body, particularly along embryonic fusion lines, most commonly on the face, scalp, neck, chest, and upper back. Head and neck epidermoid cysts constitute only about 7%, whereas only 1.6% of epidermoid cysts are reported in the oral cavity. They comprise <0.01% of all the oral cysts. Clinically, the lesion presents as a slow-growing asymptomatic mass, usually located in the midline that may occasionally cause elevation of the tongue, interference of speech, and the appearance of a double chin. Histopathologic examinationwill reveal acyst cavity lined by stratified squamous epithelium with a well-developed granular layer resembling the epidermis. Lumen will be filled with abundant degenerating.......

Key words: Oral epidermoid cyst;Benign tumor of the oral cavity; Floor of mouth swelling.

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Abstract: Introduction. The coronavirus pandemic has had a worldwide impact on the population, global economy and heath care systemsand required to implement immediate changes in the method of the material delivery to undergraduate and graduate students. During this time of uncertainty, the role of Academic Counseling is a very important in the educational field. Purpose: to estimate the importance of online Academic Counseling sessions on academic performance and confidence of students at Trinity Medical Sciences University during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The subjects were 77 medical students of Trinity Biomedical Sciences University (male =33 and female =44), mean age =24.7 years, SD =2.3. Who experienced academic difficulties and failed one or more midterm exams in Summer 2020......

Key words: Online Academic Counseling, academic performance, Covid -19 pandemic

[1]. Preeti Sandhu & Maisie de Wolf (2020) The impact of COVID-19 on the undergraduate medical curriculum, Medical Education Online, 25:1, 1764740, DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1764740 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.1764740
[2]. Kay D, Pasarica M. Using technology to increase student (and faculty satisfaction with0 engagement in medical education. Adv Physiol Educ. 2019;43 (3):408–413.
[3]. How does the pandemic affect U.S. college students? Temple University, Philadelphia. CNN interview. [Apr;2020 ];http://www.pbs.org/wnet/amanpour-and-company/video/how-does-pandemic-affect-low-income-students-nufk5j/ 2020
[4]. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G et al. The psychological impact of the COVID‐19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 287: 112934.
[5]. Aucejo EM, French J, Ugalde Araya MP, Zafar B. The impact of COVID-19 on student experiences and expectations: Evidence from a survey. Journal of Public Economics. 2020 Nov;191:104271. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104271

Abstract: Objective: To describe the associated comorbidities,presenting complaints and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted in TRIHMS,DCH.Chimpu.Itanagar.Arunachal Pradesh. Methods: A Prospective study of patients with COVID-19 admitted in TRIHMS Dedicated Covid Hospital.Chimpu..The study included all sequentially admitted patients between 1st June 2020,and 30th November ,2020. Results: A total of 462 patients were admitted. Male-266 Female-196.Male constitutes majority of the patients in this study which accounted for 57.5%. Age distribution of the patients were 0 to 20=37.21 to 40=163.41 to 60=218.61 to 80 =44.Most of the patients admitted in the DCH Chimpu were from Itanagar Capital Region (78.7%) followed by Papumpare (3.2%),West Kameng (2.5) and Upper Subansiri (2.3 %) The most common co morbidities in our observation is Diabetes......

[1]. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-513.
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Abstract: Background: Protein and energy deficiency is frequently seenin patients with alcoholic liver disease despite of taking adequate food as liverisresponsibleforthemetabolismofmanyhormonesthathave discordant effects on protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism.In patients with advanced liver diseases serum concentrations of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are decreased, while the concentrations of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) phenylalanine and tyrosine are increased. Furthermore, a lower serum BCAA/aromatic amino-acid ratio is associated with aworse prognosis in patients with advanced liver disease including hepatic encephalopathy, edema, and ascites accompanied by hypoalbuminemia, insulin resistance, hepatocarcinogenesis, and infection caused by an impaired immune function.Hencethis study was undertaken to evaluatetheeffectoforalsupplementationofBCAAs in........

Key words: Branched chain amino acid,Compensated Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis, Child Pugh score, hepatic encephalopathy, MELD score

[1]. GBD 2017 Cirrhosis Collaborators*.The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5: 245–66
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[4]. Tajiri K, Shimizu Y. Branched-chain amino acids in liverdiseases. W J Gastr2013;19(43):7620-9.
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Abstract: Background and Aims: Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) is effective in reducing pain following thyroid surgeries. Aim of the study is to compare the analgesic efficacy of BSCPB with 0.5% Ropivacaine alone versus 0.5%Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine in thyroid surgeries. Methods:60 adult patients belonging to ASA physical status I–II scheduled to undergo thyroid surgeries were randomly divided in to two groups to receive BSCPB,either with 20ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine(Group R) or 20ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine with 0.5μg/kg Dexmedetomidine(Group RD) after induction of anesthesia Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess analgesia postoperatively. Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann–Whitney U-test were applied for VAS and sedation....

Key words: superficial cervical plexus block,Dexmedetomidine,Analgesia,Ropivacaine

[1]. Karthikeyan VS, Sistla SC, Badhe AS, MahalakshmyT, Rajkumar N, Ali SM, Gopalakrishnan S. Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block in thyroidectomy. Pain Pract 2013; 13:539–546.
[2]. Crews JC. Multimodal pain management strategies for office-based and ambulatory procedures. JAMA. 2002;288:629–32.
[3]. Dieudonne N, Gomola A, Bonnichon P, Ozier YM. Prevention of postoperative pain after thyroid surgery: A double-blind randomized study of bilateral superficial cervical plexus blocks. AnesthAnalg. 2001;92:1538–42
[4]. Choi DS, Atchabahian A, Brown AR. Cervical plexus block provides postoperative analgesia after clavicle surgery. AnesthAnalg. 2005;100:1542–
[5]. Barone M, Diemunsch P, Baldassarre E, Oben WE, Ciarlo M, Wolter J, et al. Carotid endarterectomy with intermediate cervical plexus block. Tex Heart Inst J. 2010;37:297–300.

Abstract: Platelet-rich blood derivatives have been widely used in different fields of medicine and stem cell-based tissue engineering. They represent natural cocktails of autologous growth factors, which could provide an alternative for recombinant protein-based approaches. Platelet-rich blood derivatives, such as platelet-rich plasma, have consistently shown to potentiate stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here, we review the spectrum of platelet-rich blood derivatives, discuss their current applications in alveolar bone regeneration.

Key words: Blood derivatives .Platelet Rich Fibrin Platelet-Rich Plasma. Cell proliferation.Cell differentiation

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Abstract: Background Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy which requires expensive equipment, large-scale surgeon training, and generate aerosol has put most developing countries in inconvenience especially in COVID-19 Pandemic. Mini-laparotomy cholecystectomy has started replacing the prior method. This method is reported to give more advantage as morbidity and postoperative pain observed are lower than the prior method. Furthermore, transverse incision compared to oblique incision may result in better outcome due to the landmark MACE (Medial Arcus Costae Eight) salvaging more rectus abdominis muscle and lateral cutaneous nerve. This study observed postoperative pain, duration of surgery, length of hospitalstay, and postoperative functional status between two groups....

Key words: Cholelithiasis, MACE, Mini-Laparotomy Cholecystectomy, Oblique Incision Pain, Transverse Incision

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Abstract: The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 epi‐centred in Hubei Province of the People‟s Republic of China has spread to many other countries. On 30th January 2020, the WHO Emergency Committee declared global health emergency based on growing case notification rates at Chinese and international locations1. The National Health Commission of the People‟s Republic of China has reported that as of February 24, 2020, a total of 3387 of 77,262 patients with Covid-19 (4.4%) in China were health care workers or others who worked in medical facilities2....

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Abstract: Primary spinal cord tumours comprises 5-10% of all central nervous system tumours, which are characterised into separate entities depending on its anatomic location such as intradural extramedullary (IDEM), intradural intramedullary (IDIM) and extradural. Patients of high cervical spinal cord tumours of long duration have great morbidity. This case series analysis is done to assess the functional outcome in patients after surgical removal of these tumours.....

Key words: Spinal cord tumours, Surgical outcome

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