iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. Disease processes and injuries that disrupt ligaments, menisci, articular cartilage and other structures of the knee cause painful knee resulting in significant morbidity and disability. Number of imaging modalities are currently used to evaluate knee abnormalities including standard radiography, scintigraphy, Computed Tomography (CT), planar tomography and arthrography. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective, diagnostic descriptive study conducted in the Department of Radiology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Mangalore. This study was conducted between January 2019 to December 2019. 100 patients presenting with knee injury referred from OPD (outpatient Department) & IPD (inpatient Department) of Orthopaedics to the Department of Radiology for MR imaging were included in the study, Arthroscopy......

Key Words: MRI, NPV, PPV, CT

[1]. Rodriguez W JR, Vinon EN, Hlems CA, Toth AP. MRI appearance of posterior cruciate ligament tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 191(4):W155-W155.
[2]. Sanders TG, Medynski MA, Feller JF, Lawhorn KW. Bone contusion patterns of the knee at MR imaging: footprint of the mechanism of injury. Radio Graphics 2008; 20(6):S135-S151.
[3]. Ng WHA, Griffith JF, Hung EHY, Paunipagar B, Law BKY, Yung PSH. Imaging of the anterior cruciate ligament. World J Orthop 2011; 2(8):75–84.
[4]. Vinson EN, Major NM, Helms CA. The posterolateral corner of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190(2):449-458.
[5]. Chen L, Kim PD, Ahmad CS, Levine WN. Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: current treatment concepts. Curr Rev Musculoskeletal Med 2008; 1(5):108-113.

Abstract: Background: To determine the correlation of cycle of threshold (CT) values of Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification (CBNAAT) with Time to culture positivity(TTCP). Materials and Methods: We analyzed data retrospectively from Intermediate reference laboratory (IRL), Visakhapatnam, that tested 149 sputum samples from January to October 2019, which were Xpert positive cases. Paired sputum samples were collected and tested using Xpert and BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid culture. Analyzed an association between CT value and growth at weeks by using Chi-square test (p value<0.05).
Results: out of 149 Xpert positive samples, 32.21% (n=48) samples were culture positive whereas 60.40% (n=90) were negative and 7.4% (n=11)........

Key Word: Tuberculosis; Diagnostics; CBNAAT.

[1]. Global tuberculosis report 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Licence: CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO.
[2]. Kompala T, Shenoi SV, Friedland G. Transmission of Tuberculosis in resource-limited settings. Current Hiv/aids Reports. 2013 Sep 1;10(3):264-72.
[3]. Begun M, Newall AT, Marks GB, Wood JG. Contact tracing of Tuberculosis: a systematic review of transmission modelling studies. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 4;8(9):e72470.
[4]. Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Hillemann D, Nicol MP, Shenai S, Krapp F, Allen J, Tahirli R, Blakemore R, Rustomjee R, Milovic A. Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010 Sep 9;363(11):1005-15.
[5]. Perrin FMPP, McHugh TD, Nunn AJ, Lipman MC, Gillespie SH. Radiological cavitation, sputum mycobacterial load and treatment response in pulmonary Tuberculosis. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and lung disease. 2010 Dec 1;14(12):1596-602.

Abstract: Aims:Evaluation of an association between Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhea and obesity Settings and Design:Study was conducted in the Departments of ENT and Neurosurgery, ASTER MIMS Hospital, Kozhikodefrom 2010 to 2013. The study design was a prospective observational study. Methods and Material:Adult patients(age >18 years) admitted for the management for spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea from 2010 to 2013 were studied. A total of 11 adult patients presented were studied.Body Mass Index, blood cholesterol levels were documented at presentation. Imaging confirmation of site of the leak was done by CT Cisternography. Of the eleven patients, three underwent endoscopic surgical repair, whereas eight patients refused surgical intervention. Follow up regarding recurrence of CSF rhinorrhea, and symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) was obtained.........

Key Word: Spontaneous Cerebrospinal fluid Rhinorrhea; BMI

[1]. Schuknecht B, Simmen D, Briner HR, Holzmann D. Nontraumatic skull base defects with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea and arachnoid herniation: Imaging findings and correlation with endoscopic sinus surgery in 27 patients. Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:542–9.
[2]. Zocchi J, Pietrobon G, Lepera D, Gallo S, Russo F, Volpi L, et al. Spontaneous CSF Leaks and IIH: A Flawless Connection? An Experience With 167 Patients. Laryngoscope 2020;
[3]. Holzmann D, Wild C. Obesity as a risk factor for primary spontaneous rhinorrhea. Arch Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg [Internet] 2003;129:324–6. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/
[4]. Handzel O, Brenner-Ullman A, Niry D, Neuman U, Cavel O, Yahav O, et al. Tegmen attenuation in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension is progressive. Laryngoscope 2020;
[5]. Ommaya AK, Di Chiro G, Baldwin M, Pennybacker JB. Non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet] 1968;31:214–25. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC496347

Abstract: Background : Because of the rapid spreading of COVID-19 people were told not to leave their homes unless for an essential reason. Aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of our Trauma Centre, relative to ocular injury, in two months starting from 1st April 2020 to 31st May , 2020 and to compare it with the same days of 2019 to weight the impact of Covid-19 on ocular trauma. Materials and methods: Patients managed at Department of Ophthalmology,Government Medical College, Srinagar between 1st April 2020 to 31st May 2020 (COVID-19 period) for ocular trauma were retrospectively included and compared to patients admitted in........

Key Word: covid-19, Ocular trauma, WHO, Mechanism

[1]. American Hearth Association, 2020. Health emergency? Don't hesitate to get help.2020.https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/03/30/healthemergency-dont-hesitate-to-get-help.
[2]. Krumholz HM 2020. Where have all the heart attacks gone? New York Times; 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/well/live/coronavirus-doctors-hospitals-emergency-care-heart-attack-stroke.html.
[3]. Matsa et al. 2018. Trends in US emergency department visits for pediatric acute ocular injury. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136:895–903.
[4]. Négrel et al. 1998. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998;5:143– 69.
[5]. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, 2019. Emergencies - Diseases, 2020. Available: https://www. who. int/ emergencies/ diseases/ novel- coronavirus- 2019 [Accessed 27 Mar 2020]..

Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) become the worst emergency respiratory disease in 2020 after the outbreak in Wuhan city of China in December 2019. Hence, this study was designed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 among the population in Benadir region of Somalia. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, using stratified random sampling from August to November 2020 with 420 participants to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19, among the population in Benadir region of Somalia. Results: The Knowledge of study participants are good and have a clear concept of COVID-19 pandemic (when, where, and how it occurs and transmit), In terms of transmission 85% of participants were knowledgeable about COVID 19 can be transmitted via close contact. The attitude of participants (61.2%) of study participants believe that gathering or overcrowding in public places can easily spread COVID-19 and will be the serious threat to........

Key Word: Covid-19, Pandemic, KAP, Benadir region, Somalia, Public health

[1]. Peng Y, Pei C, Zheng Y, et al. A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practice associated with COVID-19 among undergraduate students in China. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):1292.
[2]. WHO (2020) WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
[3]. WHO (2020) WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard https://covid19.who.int/?gclid=CjwKCAiA5IL-BRAzEiwA0lcWYpCReEB_y7iMEJsNu3AoFnG_rl-KH_f6z4-fb18u2bH4FzdpLxCUhBoCztoQAvD_BwE.
[4]. MoH-Somalia (2020) COVID-19 DASHBOARD https://moh.gov.so/en/covid19/.
[5]. Roy D, Tripathy S, Kar SK, et al. Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2020; 51:102083..

Abstract: Teratomas are tumours consisting of tissues derived from more than one germ cell line. Criteria for pulmonary origin are exclusion of a gonadal or other extra-gonadal primary site and originate entirely with in the lung. Intra pulmonary teratomas are rare. Most of the teratomas are benign.Only 30 cases have been reported in the world literature till date. We report a case of 30 year old male with intra pulmonary malignant teratoma with rapid progression in 2 months with review of the literature.....

[1]. Morgan DE, Sanders C, Mcelvein RB: Intrapulmonary teratoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Thorac Imaging 1992, 7:70-77.
[2]. Collier FC, Dowling EA, Plot D, Schneider H: Teratoma of the lung. Archives of pathology 1959, 68:138-142.
[3]. Moeller KH, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Templeton PA: Mediastinal mature teratoma: imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997, 169:985-990.
[4]. Colby TV, Koss MN, Travis W: Atlas of tumour pathology: Tumours of the lower respiratory tract, third series. Armed forces institute of pathology 1994:487-489.
[5]. Drevelegas A, Palladas P, Scordalaki A: Mediastinal germ cell tumors: a radiologic-pathologic review. Eur Radiol 2001,11:1925-1932.

Abstract: Introduction Severe maternal thrombocytopenia during term pregnancy is fraught with risk of hemorrhage at the time of delivery and caesarean section in additional risk of fetal thrombocytopenia. The study was planned to evaluate the incidence of thrombocytopenia and feto-maternal outcome in affected pregnancy. Aim- To find the incidence of thrombocytopenia in pregnant women and analyze the maternal and fetal adverse outcome in affected women occurred during one year. Material and method- It is a retrospective descriptive study of the medical record sheet of patients who had given birth at this tertiary institute during the period from 01 Jan2019 to 31 Dec 2019. The data were collected from documents about history, examination, investigation report, delivery/ LSCS note, post-operative /postpartum status, baby birth........

Key Word: pregnancy, thrombocytopenia, feto-maternal, outcome

[1]. Boehlen F, Hohlfeld P, Extermann P, Perneger TV, de Moerloose P. Platelet count at term pregnancy: a reappraisal of the threshold. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:29–33]
[2]. Burrows RF, Kelton JG. Fetal Thrombocytopenia and its relation to maternal Thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1463–6.
[3]. Lee, J. S., Kim, N. Y., Na, S. H., Youn, Y. H. & Shin, C. S. Reference values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume in healthy adults in South Korea. Medicine 97, e11138–e11138, https:// doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000011138 (2018).
[4]. Gemsheimer T, James AH, Stasi R, How I Treat Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy.Blood,2013;121(1):38-47.
[5]. Singh N, Dhakad A, Singh U, Tripathi, Sankhwar P. Prevalence and Characterization of Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy in Indian Women. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012;28:77-81]..

Abstract: Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of neonatal morbidity, mortality and disability especially among LBW babies as the organisms responsible for neonatal sepsis are increasingly becoming resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. In view of the above, present study was undertaken to determine the organisms responsible for neonatal sepsis and the drug sensitivity pattern in a Tartiary Care Hospital of Eastern India. Methods: This hospital based study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India. A total of 112 clinically suspected sepsis cases admitted during January 2017 to June 2018, 60 were found.......

Key Word: Low birth weight babies, neonatal sepsis, newborn, antibiotic resistant, India

[1]. National Neonatology Forum NNPD Network. National Neonatal-Perinatal Database: Report for 2002-2003. New Delhi: National Neonatology Forum NNPD Network; 2005. National Neonatalology Forum, 2002-2003.
[2]. Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J; Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet. 2005, 365(9462), 891-900.
[3]. Kaistha N, Mehta M, Singla N, Garg R, Chander J. Neonatal septicemia isolates and resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital of North India. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009, 4(1), 55-57.
[4]. Bang AT, Bang RA, Baitule SB, Reddy MH, Deshmukh MD. Effect of home-based neonatal care and management of sepsis on neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India. Lancet. 1999, 354(9194),1955-61.
[5]. Pal R. Lowering 'low birth weight' cut off: for whom the bell tolls. Indian J Maternal Child Health. 2010, 12(3), 1-4..

Abstract: Background: As of 23 October 2020, the African continent had reported a total of 1,696,418 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases, which included 40,760 (2.4%) deaths; 1,390,786 (82.0%) recovered cases; and 264,872 (15.6%) active cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the number of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) cases and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), the percentage of the population living in income poverty (PLP), overall governance index (OGI), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), and the domestic general government expenditure on health (GGEH-D) per capita in Africa. Materials and Methods: Ten linear.......

Key Word: Africa, corruption, COVID-19, governance, multidimensional poverty, income poverty

[1]. International Monetary Fund (IMF). World Economic Outlook Database. [Updated: 2020 January; cited 2020 April 14). Available from: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx
[2]. African Union. Socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 on Africa: an opportunity to build more and endogenous and resilient emerging economies. Addis Ababa: African Union Commission; 2020.
[3]. Kirigia JM, Muthuri RNDK, Nkanata LHK & Muthuri NG. The Present Value of Human Life Losses Associated with Coronavirus Disease in Africa. Open Journal of Business and Management. 2020; 8:2371-2395. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2020.86146
[4]. Worldometer. COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. [Last updated: 2020 October 23; cited 2020 October 23]. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
[5]. World Health Organization [WHO]. Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19: Interim guidance (7 March 2020). Document WHO/COVID-19/Actions/v1. Geneva: WHO; 2020a..

Abstract: Introduction: In our prospective study we tried to find out contents of congenital right sided inguinal hernia, where most of cases of our study we found omentum, small intestines, but only in two cases we found where only Appendix was the content of sac( Amyand's Hernia).Most of the cases were diagnosed intra operatively, decisions of management was based on condition of appendix, in inflamed appendix always appendicectomy along with herniotomy, but in noninflamed appendix management depends on age .
Materials &Methods: This study was conducted in department of Pediatric surgery, Dr B C Roy PG IPS & N R S Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal during the period of January 2015 to June 2020 of 230 cases of right sided inguinal hernia diagnosed clinically as well as by Sonological scan, ages between 3 months to 8 years, 198 were male & 32 were female. Open herniotomy performed in 180 cases and laparoscopic herniotomy performed in 50 cases. Among 230 cases 17 presented with irreducible hernia, one strangulated hernia and 212 were reducible hernia........

Key Word: Appendicitis, Hernia, Histopathology, Ultrasonography

[1]. Amyand's Hernia at Who Named It? Philosophical Transactions, 1736, 39: 329-336.
[2]. Amyand, Claudius (1735). "Of an inguinal rupture, with a pin in the appendix caeci, incrusted with stone; and some observations on wounds in the guts". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 39 (443): 329–336. doi:10.1098/rstl.1735.0071
[3]. Faiz N, Ahmad N, Singh R. Case series on different presentations of Amyand's hernia. Arch Int Surg [serial online] 2016 [cited 2017 Mar 18];6:176-9. Available from: http://www.archintsurg.org/text.asp?2016/6/3/176/202373
[4]. Hutchinson, R (February 1993). "Amyand's Hernia". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 86 (2): 104–105. PMC 1293861. PMID 8433290.
[5]. Sharma, H., Gupta, A., Shekhawat, N.S. et al. Hernia (2007) 11: osano