iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2021

Abstract: Background: Neurological symptoms are not uncommon during pregnancy and puerperium. In some patients they may indicate a serious underlying problem. Obstetric cerebral venous thrombosis most commonly presents during the puerperal period and is a major cause of stroke in young women. Diagnosis of CVT is challenging due to its wide spectrum of clinical profile and needs a high suspicion. Materials and Methods: Prospective analysis of women who gave birth between 2019 and 2020 was conducted. Etiology, risk factors, time of onset of illness were characterized for women with cerebrovascular disorders confirmed by neuroimaging..........

Key Word: CVT, PRES, Neurovascular Disorder

[1]. Johnson AC, CipollaMJ. The cerebral circulation during pregnancy: adapting to preserve normalcy. Physiology 2015:30: 139-147.
[2]. Lanska DJ, Kryscio RJ. Risk factors for peripartu m and postpartum stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis. Stroke. 2000; 31:12741282. Crossref | Medline Google Scholar
[3]. Ameri A, Bousser M-G. Cerebral venous thrombosis. Neurol Clin.1992; 10:87-1 11.
[4]. Pai N, Ghosh K, Shetty S. Hereditary thrombophilia in cerebral venous thrombosis: a study from India. Blood CoagulFibrinol. 2013;24(5):540-3.
[5]. Bansal BC, Gupta RR, Prakash C. Stroke during pregnancy and puerperium in young females below the age of 40 as a result of cerebral venous/venous sinus thrombosis. Jpn Heart J. 1980;21:171-183.

Abstract: In today's world there is an ever increasing focus on providing a patient with the most aesthetic restorations and prosthesis. To achieve such perfection most dentists rely heavily on a subgingival margin which often leads to biologic width violation due to marginal inaccuracy of the restoration. This violation of the attachment apparatus results in inflammation and dysregulation of the immune pathways, which lead to initiation of bone loss. The end stage of this violation is, initiation of the pathology of chronic periodontitis. The use of a digital workflow can help in increasing the marginal adaptation of the prosthesis hence reducing the iatrogenic biologic width violations while maintaining the aesthetic demands of the patients and providing more reliable results. Digital impressions can help in reducing the finish line errors both in the clinics and the laboratories. Hence by avoiding biologic width violation we can help in maintenance of the periodontal hygiene of the patient.

Keywords: Biologic Width Width Violation Chronic Periodontitis Digital Impressions CAD CAM 3D Printing Bone loss

[1]. Gilmore N, Sheiham A. Overhanging dental restorations and periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 1971 Jan; 42(1):8-12. Doi: 10.1902/jop.1971.42.1.8. PMID: 5276433.
[2]. Ender A, Mehl A. Full arch scans: conventional versus digital impressions--an in-vitro study. Int J Comput Dent. 2011; 14(1):11-21. English, German. PMID: 21657122.
[3]. Pradı´es G, et al. Clinical evaluation comparing the fit of all-ceramic crowns obtained from silicone and digital intraoral impressions based on wavefront sampling technology. Journal of Dentistry (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.007
[4]. Padbury A Jr, Eber R, Wang HL. Interactions between the gingiva and the margin of restorations. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 May;30(5):379-85. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.01277.x. PMID: 12716328.
[5]. Nanci A, Bosshardt DD. Structure of periodontal tissues in health and disease. Periodontol 2000. 2006;40:11-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00141.x. PMID: 16398683.

Abstract: Background: During pregnancy, there is an increase in cases of folic acid deficiency which causes megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and cardiovascular disease in neonates. Therefore the aim of the study was to find out the percentage of incidence of folic acid deficiency in pregnant women in Libya. Materials and Methods: For the study, a total of 40 pregnant women volunteers were enrolled and investigated in Al-Jalaa hospital, out-patient department (OPD), Tripoli, Libya. They were investigated carefully at Al-Jalaa hospital OPD between the periods of 25 January, 2010 to 5 February, 2010. Results: indicated that the incidence of folic acid deficiency in pregnant women was 12.5% and was not high as the women were being treated with folic acid orally and had a normal folic acid level.

Key Word: pregnant woman; folate; folic acid; teratogenicity.

[1]. Machlin L & Hu¨ni J. (Folic acid and Vitamin B12. In Vitamins, Basics ed. N Gorbaty, 1994): pp 37–40. 49–51 Basel, Switzerland:Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.).
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[3]. Bendich A. Importance of vitamin status to pregnancy outcomes. In: Bendich A, Butterworth CE Jr, eds. Micronutrients in health and in disease prevention. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1991: 235–62.
[4]. Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, O'Connor JF .Incidence of early loss of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1988; (319):189–194. Rosenblatt DS. Inherited disorders of folate transport and metabolism. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, eds. The metabolic and molecular bases of Inherited disease. New York: McGrawHill, 1995; (31): 11–28.
[5]. Mudd SH, Levy HL, Skovby F. Disorders of transsulfuration. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, eds. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995; (12): 79–327.

Abstract: Clinical Hypothyroidism is defined as a clinical state resulting from insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland due to some structural and /or functional impairments in thyroid hormone production (1,2 ). In practical field, biochemically if the serum fT4 is below normal limit along with elevated TSH, it is designated as clinical hypothyroidism(2). It is a very commonly encountered clinical disorder in our community with a predisposition in female subjects with increasing age In Clinical Hypothyroidism ,there is decreased muscle strength along with alveolar hypoventilation secondary to diminished response to hypoxic & hypercapnoeic ventilatory drives and this may affect Pulmonary functions accordingly(3).......

Key words: Clinical hypothyroidism, serum TSH, serum fT4, pulmonary function test.

[1]. Fauci, Braunwald, Kasper, Hauser Longo,Jameson, et al. Harrison's Principle of Internal Medicine. Ed – : The McGraw – Hill Companies.
[2]. Larsen PR, Davies PF, Williams Text Book of Endocrinogy–2003
[3]. Bhuvaneswari T, KouserBanu K. Evaluation of pulmonary functions in patients with hypothyroidism who are on conservative management. Sch J App Med Sci. 2014 ; 2 (2A): 495 –97.
[4]. Cakmak G, Saler T, Saglam Za et al. Pulm functions in patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. J Pak Med Assoc. 2011; 61(10): 951 – 53.
[5]. Deshmukh V, Behl A, Iyer V, Joshi H et al. Prevalence, clinical and biochemical profile of subclinical hypothyroidism in normal population in Mumbai. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 013; 17 (3) 454 – 59.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis) is a controllable and preventable water-borne disease caused by Schistosoma, a trematode found in blood vessels of man and livestock. It is an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, second only to malaria in morbidity, and is one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases in about 77 developing countries in the tropics and subtropics with a high socio-economic burden on school-aged children and occupationally exposed individuals. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in Kware local government area Sokoto state, Nigeria........

Key Words: Prevalence, Factors, Urinary Schistosomiasis, Primary School Pupil, Kware

[1]. Kiran S, et al. current status of schistosomiasis in Sokoto. Parasite epidemiology and control. 2016:29-244.
[2]. Salwa D, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis among hausa commmunity in Kano. Rev Instmed Saopaulo. 2016:54-8.
[3]. Okweri A, et al. Prevalence of schistosomiasis among primary school children in Gadabuke district Toto LGA,North Central Nigeria. British Microbiology Research Journal. 2014;3:255-61.
[4]. Dawet A, et al. Prevalence and intensity pof Schistosomiasis haematobium among Gowng and Kabong in Jos North local Government area,plateau State, Nigeria. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2012;6(1991-8631):1557-65.
[5]. Ezeh CO, et al. Urinary Schistosomiasis in Nigeria. Parasite 2019;26:19.
[6]. Muhammad IA, et al. Prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasia among primary school pupils in Wamkko. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology. 2019;1(93):2.

Abstract: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily a disease of respiratory system, has been proven to involve both peripheral and central nervous system. Although pathogenesis of nervous system involvement is still elusive yet direct invasion of virus or autoimmunity is plausible explanation. Involvement of nervous system due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus -2(SARS CoV-2) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, therefore it is desirable to recognize them at its earliest for favourable outcome in these patients. We herein report 8 cases of different neurological syndrome involving peripheral and central nervous system. All of them recovered almost completely with appropriate management.

Key Words: COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, Neurological manifestation.

[1]. World Health Organization. Rolling update on Cororna virus disease(COVID-19). Update 24 April 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/noval-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen [ last updated on 2020 April 29].
[2]. COVID-19 pandemic in India. Available from : http://enwikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=covid19_pandemic_in_india&oldid=1004672489 last updated 4/02/2021
[3]. Jubair AS, Mc Alpine LS, Gardin T, Shelli F, et.al. Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestation of coronavirus in the age of coronavirus cisease 2019: A review. JAMA Neurol.2020:77(8):1018-1027.
[4]. . verstrepen K,Baisier L, Canwer HD. Neurological manifestation of COVID- 19, SARS, MERS. Acta neurologica. Belgica 2020. doi.org/10.1007/S13760-020-01412-4.

Abstract: Background: Perinatal asphyxia a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in under 5 years age group is a manifestation of both maternal and child health status of a country. Identifying both maternal and fetal health risk factors contributing to perinatal asphyxia, proper intervention and appropriate newborn care and follow up of NICU graduates can plummet the health burden of asphyxia. Our study aims at identifying both maternal and fetal risk factors precipitating perinatal asphyxia, monitoring the outcome of asphyxia on standard treatment protocol, and follow up of surviving asphyxiated babies and their neurological impairment. Materials and Methods: It's a combination of cross sectional descriptive and observational prospective single center based study with a cohort of 98 newborns who satisfied the inclusion criteria and got enrolled consecutively. The study was conducted at Pediatric.........

Key Words: Asphyxia, anemia, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Microcephaly, Neonate, Perinatal

[1]. Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. The Lancet. 2012; 379(9832):2151–61 [2]. Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Oza S, You D, Lee AC, Waiswa P, et al. Every Newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. The Lancet. 2014; 384(9938):189–205.
[3]. National Neonatal-Perinatal Database [Internet]. [Cited 2019Aug28]. Available from: https://www.newbornwhocc.org/pdf/HRRC-Report_2002-03.pdf [4]. Rennie JM. Neonatal seizures. European Journal of Pediatrics. 1997; 156(2):83-7 [5]. Ellis M, Manandhar N, Shrestha PS, Shrestha L, Manadhar DS, de L Costello AM.Outcome at 1 year of neonatal encephalopathy in Kathmandu, Nepal. Dev Med ChildNeurol 1999; 41: 689–695.

Abstract: Objectives: To describe the ocular manifestations and complications in cases of facial nerve palsy in different age group, presenting in a tertiary care centre. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2020 to December 2020. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of data collected of all the patients with facial nerve palsy attending the ophthalmology department of Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College Jhansi U.P. from January 2020 to December 2020. Their demographic data along with time interval between onset of symptoms and presentations, visual acuity, signs, complications are all recorded on the first visit in outpatient department and subsequent follow up until complete recovery.........

Keywords: Bell's Palsy, Facial Palsy, Lagophthalmos.

[1]. Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, Schwartz SR, Drumheller CM, Burkholder R et al. Clinical practice guideline: Bell's Palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013;149(3):S1-27.
[2]. Manodh P, Devadoss P, Kumar N. Gold weight implantation as a treatment measure for correction of paralytic lagophthalmos. Indian J Dent Res.2011;22(1):181.
[3]. Tiemstra JD, Khatkhate N. Bell's Palsy: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician.2007;76(7):997-1002.
[4]. Peitersen E. Bell's Palsy: The Spontaneous Course of 2,500 Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsies of Different Etiologies. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002;Suppl 549:4–30.
[5]. Danielidis V, Skevas A, Van Cauwenberge P, Vinck B. A comparative study of age and degree of facial nerve recovery in patients with Bell's Palsy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1999;256(10):520-2.

Abstract: Dengue is one of the most common vector born disease in India. Cardiac manifestations of dengue fever can range from more-commonfunctional myocardial impairment and arrhythmias to rare fulminant myocarditis. This study was done with the objective of finding actuaul incidence of various cardiac manifestations in dengue fever........

Key Words: Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, ECG, ECHO

[1]. Lee, C. H., Teo, C. & Low, A. F. Fulminant dengue myocarditis masquerading as acute myocardial infarction. Int. J. Cardiol 2009; 136:69–71.
[2]. Pulido, J. N. et al. Clinical spectrum, frequency, and significance of myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis and septic shock. Mayo Clin. Proc. 87, 620–628(2012).
[3]. Hadinegoro SR. The revised WHO dengue case classification: does system need to be modified?.Paediatrics and international child heath. 2012 May 1;32(sup1):33-8.
[4]. Gupta V, Gadpayle et al: Subclinical Cardiac Involvement in Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. IACM 2010; 11:107-11.
[5]. Arora M, Patil RS. Cardiac Manifestations in Dengue Fever. J Assoc Physicians India. 2016 Jul;64(7):40-44. PMID: 27759431

Abstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy represent the most common medical complication of pregnancy. It affects between 7%-15% of all gestations and is attributable for approximately one-fourth of all antenatal admissions. Both Nifedipine and Labetalol are effective antihypertensive agents belonging to different pharmacological classes and with different mechanisms of action. This study compares both the drugs........

[1]. James PR, Nelson Piercy C. Management of hypertension before, during and after pregnancy. Heart. 2004;90:1499-1504
[2]. Fiona M, Chris R, James W, et al. The pre-eclampsia community guideline (PRECOG): How to screen for and detect onset of preeclampsia in the community. BMJ 2005;30:576–580.
[3]. Thomas Easterling, Shuchita Mundle, Hillary Bracken, Seema Parvekar, Sulabha Mool, Laura A Magee, Peter von Dadelszen, Tara Shochet, Beverly Winikoff. Lancet. 2019 Sep 21; 394(10203): 1011–1021. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31282-6. PMCID: PMC6857437
[4]. Lakshmi KV, Lakshmi K. Labetalol Vs Nifedipine in treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension. Int J Sci Res. 2016:5(12):10-1.
[5]. Sharma, Kathryn & Greene, Naomi & Kilpatrick, Sarah. (2016). Oral labetalol compared to oral nifedipine for postpartum hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Hypertension in pregnancy. 36. 1-4. 10.1080/10641955.2016.1231317.
[6]. ROSE, Delphine T.; P., Jeyarani. Comparative study of labetalol and nifedipine in management of non- severe preeclampsia and its fetomaternal outcome. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 5, p. 2034-2038, apr. 2019. ISSN 2320-1789

Abstract: Liver disease burden in India is enormous with 22.2 deaths/100,000 population attributed to cirrhosis. As a result of greater alcohol consumption, increased incidence of diabetes, obesity, hepatitis B and C infections, the incidence of chronic liver disease is increasing worldwide. Early detection of liver fibrosis is useful in early diagnosis and management of cirrhosis and its related complications. Since histopathology is an invasive tool, non-invasive technique like ultrasound elastography plays a vital role in estimating liver stiffness / fibrosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of ultrasound elastography in assessment of fibrosis in patients with CLD. In this study, 50 cases of CLD and 50 healthy volunteers were subjected to ultrasound using B mode and then using shear wave based elastography. The findings between the cases and controls were compared and analysed statistically......

Key Words: CLD - chronic liver disease, Fibroscan, Elastography, Chronic hepatitis B, Chronic hepatitis C, Liver stiffness

[1]. Friedman SL. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2008; 134:1655–69.
[2]. Talwalkar JA. Elastography for detecting hepatic fibrosis: options and considerations. Gastroenterology. 2008; 135:299–302. [3]. Sporea I, Şirli R, Popescu A, Danilă M. Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI)–a new modality for the evaluation of liver fibrosis. Medical ultrasonography. 2010 Mar 1;12(1):26-31. [4]. Fung J, Lee CK, Chan M, Seto WK, Wong DK, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Defining normal liver stiffness range in a normal healthy Chinese population without liver disease. PLoS One. 2013;8(12).15-19. [5]. Foucher J, Chanteloup E, Vergniol J, Castera L, Le Bail B, Adhoute X, et al. Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (Fibroscan): a prospective study. Gut. 2006 Mar 1;55(3):403-08.

Abstract: Background: Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pre Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a chemoprophylaxis involving use of antiretroviral medicines taken orally to prevent HIV. Oral PrEP can reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 95%. In 2010, World Health Organization (WHO) recommends PrEP use among persons at substantial risk of HIV and since, over 300,000 people have used PrEP. However, risk compensation among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) using PrEP, raises concerns on increased risk of sexually transmitted Infections (STIs).......

Key Words: Drop In Centres, Female Sex Worker, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Risk Compensation.

[1]. WHO. World Health Organisation. Published 2015. Accessed March 26, 2018. http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/prep/en/
[2]. Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, et al. Antiretroviral Preexposure Prophylaxis for Heterosexual HIV Transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):423-434.
[3]. Jenness SM, Weiss KM, Goodreau SM, et al. Incidence of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Following Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Modeling Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(5):712-718.
[4]. NASCOP. Framework for the Implementation of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV In Kenya. Published online 2017. https://www.prepwatch.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/05/Kenya_PrEP_Implementation_Framework.pdf
[5]. Shannon K, Strathdee SA, Goldenberg SM, et al. Global epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers: influence of structural determinants. Lancet Lond Engl. 2015;385(9962):55-71.